28/2671 KTherm BS/HVAC - Kingspan Insulation - Kingspan Group ...

I n s u l a t i o nCI/SfB(57.9) Rn7 (M2)Third Issue November 2008The KingspanDuctInsulation SystemFOR BUILDING SERVICES / HVAC APPLICATIONSManufactured to BS EN ISO 9001: 2000Certificate No. 388Low Energy -Low Carbon Buildings

ContentsPageIntroduction 3Prestige Projects 4The Kingspan Kooltherm ® DuctInsulation System 8Product Data 10Issues to Consider 121 Building Regulations / Standards2 TIMSA HVAC Guide3 BS 5422: 20014 NHS. Model Engineering Specifications. C02.Thermal Insulation. (NHS C02)5 Sustainability6 Moisture and Exacerbated Heat Loss / Gain7 Ageing / Long Term Degradation8 New European Fire Classification SchemeProject Specification 29Contact Details 40

IntroductionOverviewThe Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation System comprisesa range of rigid phenolic insulation products designed forductwork in Building Services / HVAC applications.The thermal insulation system for ductwork comprisesKingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation, rigid phenolic insulatedrectangular duct support inserts and crocodile strips(rigid phenolic insulated circular duct support inserts).The essential technical requirements of an efficient thermalinsulation system for Building Services / HVAC applications are:● a good quality closed cell, moisture resistant and efficientinsulation material;● accurately cut and fabricated close fitting insulation;● a continuous, fully sealed and durable vapour barrier; and● protection from mechanical and weather damage.This range of rigid phenolic insulation products, with thermalconductivities as low as 0.021 W/m . K, has been developed toprovide optimum performance with regards to insulationefficiency, fire resistance, low smoke emission, environmentalsafety and cost.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation is faced with reinforcedaluminium foil as the outer facing and glass tissue for theinner facing.Specified since the mid 1980’s worldwide, Kingspan Kooltherm ®Duct Insulation System products have proven time and againthat they provide outstanding thermal performance on BuildingServices / HVAC projects.The Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation System has beenoptimised by years of experience in providing insulationsolutions for engineering companies and contractors involvedin Building Services and HVAC projects.Kingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation is manufacturedto the highest quality standards under a quality control systemapproved to BS EN ISO 9001: 2000 (Quality managementsystems. Requirements).Kingspan Insulation has earned a reputation for manufacturingproducts that consistently meet and exceed its customer’squality requirements, due to involvement with engineeringcompanies and leading insulation contractors on commercialand industrial projects since the early 1970’s. As a resultKingspan Kooltherm ® is synonymous with specifications forhigh quality thermal insulation worldwide.Kingspan Insulation’s technical expertise, manufacturingexcellence and comprehensive sales support system, havealso been proven to be the best solution time and again inmajor projects the world over.3

Prestige ProjectsProject:The Lowry Centre, Salford Quays, ManchesterEngineer:Buro HappoldMechanical Contractor: Haden YoungInsulation Contractor: Righton Insulation ServicesProduct:Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct InsulationVolume: 5,000 m 24

Project:Engineer:Mechanical Contractor:Insulation Contractor:Product:The World of Glass, St. HelensBuilding Design PartnershipMITIE EngineeringMalrod InsulationsKingspan Kooltherm ® Duct InsulationVolume: 1,050 m 2 © Ibstock Brick5

Prestige ProjectsProject:Preston Football Museum, Preston, LancashireEngineer:BlezzardsArchitect:OMI ArchitectsMain Contractor: Birse ConstructionInsulation Contractor: GC InsulationProduct:Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct InsulationVolume: 1,400 m 2Project:Russell’s Hall HospitalM & E Consultant: Hoare LeaM & E Contractor: Sir Robert McAlpine & Haden Young LimitedInsulation Contractor: Western ThermalProduct:Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct InsulationVolume: 3,000 m 26

Project:Engineer:Insulation Contractor:Product:Burj Al Arab Hotel, Jumeirah Beach, DubaiW S AtkinsB K GulfKingspan Kooltherm ® Duct InsulationVolume: >90,000 m 2 7

Product DataDescriptionKingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation is based onpatented technology. Whilst retaining all the benefits of rigidpolyurethane and rigid polyisocyanurate insulation,Kingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation has far superiorresistance to burning and spread of flame and the lowestthermal conductivity of any commonly available insulant at0.021 W/m . K.Kingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation is entirelyCFC/HCFC–free with zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).Insulation PerformanceKingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation has a highclosed cell content and fine cell structure. The result is athermal conductivity of 0.021 W/m . K.0.021 W/m . K is the lowest thermal conductivity of anycommonly available insulation material. A thinner insulantoften results in lower surface area and therefore savings infinishing materials.Kingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation has gained areputation for quality and consistency, a reputation that hasspread worldwide.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation is manufactured by acontinuous lamination process.Temperature RangeKingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation may be used foroperating temperatures from –20°C to +80°C.Moisture ResistanceKingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation has a greaterthan 90% closed cell structure, which makes it highlyresistant to moisture penetration and wicking. It is an idealinsulation material for air conditioning ductwork.10

SustainabilityKingspan Insulation carries out rigorous independentappraisals of the economic, social, environmental and naturalresource impacts of the manufacturing facility that makesKingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation using Arup’s SPeAR ®tool. More detail is given in section 5 of the “Issues toConsider” section of this document.Kingspan Insulation is currently completing a BRE Ecoprofile forits rigid phenolic insulation board products, including KingspanKooltherm ® Duct Insulation.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation ismanufactured without the use of CFCs/HCFCsand has zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).Kingspan Insulation has achieved BS EN ISO14001: 2004 (Environmental management systems.Requirements with guidance for use),which insists on year on yearenvironmental improvements in theperformance of any company thatachieves the standard.Chemical Resistance and CompatibilityKingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation is resistant to awide range of oils, solvents and chemicals. It is compatiblewith most solvent based coatings and adhesives, andpolyester and epoxy resin based coatings.HygieneKingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation is resistant tofungus and mould growth, will not sustain vermin, isnon–fibrous, odourless and non–tainting.Fire and Fire PerformanceThe resistance to burning and spread of flame of KingspanKooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation is far superior to that ofany other cellular plastic insulation, regardless of facing type.In addition, there is an almost complete absence of smokewhen subjected to a flame source. Kingspan Kooltherm ® rigidphenolic insulation is Class O / Low Risk to the BuildingRegulations / Standards.Quality AssuranceKingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolicinsulation is manufactured to thehighest quality standards under aquality control system approved toBS EN ISO 9001: 2000 (Qualitymanagement systems. Requirements).Technical DataManufactured to BS EN ISO 9001: 2000Certificate No. 388For further comprehensive data on all of the above–mentionedproperties, please refer to Appendix A1 of the Specificationsection of this document.Technical AdviceExtensive support is available via Kingspan Insulation’sTechnical Services Department. Kingspan Insulation offers ahuge wealth of project experience, supported by an in–housecapability for carrying out all material thickness and heat loss /gain calculations. All quoted performance data is based onaccredited testing.11

Issues to Consider1 Building Regulations / Standards1.1 The requirements for thermal insulation (Conservation offuel and power / energy) in buildings are detailed in thefollowing Regulations / Standards.● England & Wales: The Building Regulations.Approved Documents L1A, L1B, L2A & L2B.● Scotland: The Building Standards (Scotland)Regulations. Technical Handbooks (Domestic &Non-Domestic). Sections 6.● Republic of Ireland: The Building Regulations.Technical Guidance Document L.● Northern Ireland: The Building Regulations(Northern Ireland).Technical Booklets F1 & F2.England and Wales1.2 On March 15, 2006, the new 2006 Editions of theBuilding Regulations 2000 (England and Wales) ApprovedDocuments L1A, L1B, L2A & L2B (Conservation of fueland power) were published by the Office of the DeputyPrime Minister (ODPM). They came into effect on April 6,2006, and from that date, all plans submitted for BuildingControl approval needed to comply with the newrequirements. Approved Documents L1A, L1B, L2A &L2B refer directly and indirectly to the TIMSA “Domesticand Non-Domestic Heating, Cooling and VentilationGuide” (the TIMSA Guide) as the required standard forbuilding services insulation.1.3 Building Services Insulation and the new BuildingRegulations 2000 (England & Wales) ApprovedDocuments L1A, L1B, L2A & L2B, 2006 EditionsNew DwellingsApproved Document L1A states that reasonable provisionwould be demonstrated by insulating ducts to standards thatare not worse than those set out in the Domestic HeatingCompliance Guide and that the TIMSA Guide explains thederivation of the performance standards and how they canbe interpreted in practice.The Domestic Heating Compliance Guide refers to theTIMSA Guide as the source document for the appropriatestandards of building services insulation but does notexplicitly mention insulation for ductwork.From the Building Regulations 2006 (England and Wales) Approved Document L1A(Conservation of fuel and power in new dwellings), 2006 Edition, ODPM and theDomestic Heating Compliance Guide, 2006 Edition, DCLG.Existing DwellingsApproved Document L1B states that reasonable provisionwould be demonstrated by insulating ducts to standards thatare not worse than those set out in the Domestic HeatingCompliance Guide as part of the provision or extension of aheating service and that the TIMSA Guide explains thederivation of the performance standards and how they canbe interpreted in practice.The Domestic Heating Compliance Guide refers to theTIMSA Guide as the source document for the appropriatestandards of building services insulation but does notexplicitly mention insulation for ductwork.From the Building Regulations 2006 (England and Wales) Approved Document L1B(Conservation of fuel and power in existing dwellings), 2006 Edition, ODPM and theDomestic Heating Compliance Guide, 2006 Edition, DCLG.New Buildings Other than DwellingsApproved Document L2A states that reasonable provisionwould be demonstrated by insulating ducts to standards thatare not less than those set out in the Non-domestic Heating,Cooling and Ventilation Compliance Guide and that theTIMSA Guide explains the derivation of the performancestandards and how they can be interpreted in practice.The Non-domestic Heating, Cooling and VentilationCompliance Guide refers to the TIMSA Guide as the sourcedocument for the appropriate standards of building servicesinsulation but in addition states that ducting should beinsulated along its whole length in order to provide thenecessary means of limiting heat gains and / or heat lossesfrom ducts. Where ducting may be used for both heating andcooling duties at different periods during its lifecycle, theprovisions for chilled ducting should be adopted, since theseare the most onerous. Additional provision for the control ofcondensation may need to be made as detailed in theTIMSA Guide.From the Building Regulations 2006 (England and Wales) Approved Document L2A(Conservation of fuel and power in new buildings other than dwellings), 2006 Edition,ODPM and the Non-domestic Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Compliance Guide,2006 Edition, DCLG.Existing Buildings Other than DwellingsApproved Document L2B states that reasonable provisionwould be demonstrated by insulating ventilation ductwork toconserve energy and to maintain the temperature of theheating or cooling service to standards that are not less thanthose set out in the Non-domestic Heating, Cooling andVentilation Compliance Guide as part of the provision orextension of a heating, cooling or hot water service and thatthe TIMSA Guide explains the derivation of the performancestandards and how they can be interpreted in practice.The Non-domestic Heating, Cooling and VentilationCompliance Guide refers to the TIMSA Guide as the sourcedocument for the appropriate standards of building servicesinsulation but in addition states that ducting should beinsulated along its whole length in order to provide thenecessary means of limiting heat gains and / or heat lossesfrom ducts. Where ducting may be used for both heating andcooling duties at different periods during its lifecycle, theprovisions for chilled ducting should be adopted, since theseare the most onerous. Additional provision for the control ofcondensation may need to be made as detailed in theTIMSA Guide.From the Building Regulations 2006 (England and Wales) Approved Document L2B(Conservation of fuel and power in existing buildings other than dwellings), 2006Edition, ODPM and the Non-domestic Heating, Cooling and Ventilation ComplianceGuide, 2006 Edition, DCLG.12

1.4 It is clear from the new Approved Documents L1A, L1B,L2A & L2B that the TIMSA Guide is the referencedocument for the required standard of insulation for ducts.1.5 The TIMSA Guide is accepted as the required standard inthe new Approved Documents L1A, L1B, L2A & L2Bbecause it is based on a rigorous analysis ofenvironmental benefit, practicality and cost effectiveness.1.6 For more detail on the implications of the new TIMSAGuide please refer to section 2 of this Issues to Considersection of this document.It is clear that the TIMSA Guide is thereference document for the requiredstandard of insulation for ducts inEngland & Wales.Scotland1.7 On February 1, 2006, the new 2006 Editions of theTechnical Handbooks (Domestic & Non-Domestic) to theBuilding (Scotland) Regulations 2004, Sections 6, Energy,were published by the Scottish Building StandardsAgency (SBSA). They came into effect on May 1, 2006,and from that date, all plans submitted for BuildingControl approval needed to comply with the newrequirements. The Sections 6 refer to BS 5422: 2001 asthe required standard for building services insulation.1.8 Building Services Insulation and the 2005 Edition of theTechnical Handbooks (Domestic & Non-Domestic) to theBuilding (Scotland) Regulations 2004, Sections 6, EnergyNew Systems in New Domestic Buildings or Conversions ofPreviously Unheated Buildings, Extensions with New orFull / Part Replacement Systems and Alterations withNew or Full / Part Replacement SystemsWarm air ducts serving a space heating system should beinsulated against heat loss unless the use of such ductsalways contribute to heating demands for the room or space.In most instances this will be where duct runs occur outwiththe insulation envelope of the building. This will not onlyaddress energy conservation issues but will also assist withfrost protection. Guidance on suitable protection measures isgiven in BRE Report 262, Thermal insulation: avoiding riskspublished by BRE.It is recognised that complete insulation will sometimes notbe possible, where such services pass through or aroundstructural building components, floor joists, for example.A balanced approach will be needed with carefully thoughtout routes for services to ensure that buildability is achieved.A way of achieving insulation for such ducts is to follow theguidance for ‘environmental thickness’ given in BS 5422:2001 ‘Methods for specifying thermal insulating materials forpipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operatingwithin the temperature range -40°C to +700°C’.From the Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 2004. Technical Handbook Section6 (Domestic Buildings - Energy), 2006 Edition, SBSA.New Systems in New Non-Domestic Buildings orConversions of Previously Unheated Buildings, Extensionswith New or Full / Part Replacement Systems andAlterations with New or Full / Part Replacement SystemsDucts used for space heating and space cooling should bethermally insulated to reduce heat loss in the case of theformer and heat gain in the case of the latter. This will not benecessary where the ducts always contribute to the heatingor cooling demands of the room or space and the ducts arelocated at a height of 3 m or less above the floor.It is recognised that complete insulation will sometimes notbe possible, where such services pass through or aroundstructural building components, floor joists, for example.A balanced approach will be needed with carefully thoughtout routes for services to ensure that buildability is achieved.A way of achieving insulation for such ducts is to follow theguidance for ‘environmental thickness’ given in BS 5422:2001 ‘Methods for specifying thermal insulating materials forpipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operatingwithin the temperature range -40°C to +700°C’From the Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations, 2004. Technical HandbookSection 6 (Non-domestic Buildings - Energy), 2006 Edition, SBSA.1.9 It is clear from the new Section 6 that the BS 5422: 2001is the reference document for the required standard ofinsulation for ducts.1.10 For more details of BS 5422: 2001 please refer to section3 of this Issues to Consider section of this document.It is clear that BS 5422: 2001 is thereference document for the requiredstandard of insulation for ducts inScotland.1.11 Early in 2006, a consultation paper was issued for new2007 editions of the Technical Handbooks designed toimplement parts of the EU Energy Performance ofBuildings Directive. It included a draft new Section 6which referred to BS 5422: 2001 as the required standardfor building services insulation. Scotland operates under adifferent legal framework than England & Wales and theTechnical Standards can only refer to British Standardsand other reference texts that are current at the time ofpublication. The draft new Section 6 referred only toBritish Standards and other reference texts current as ofthe date of drafting. The new Domestic HeatingCompliance Guide, Non-domestic Heating, Cooling andVentilation Compliance Guide and TIMSA Guide werepublished after that date and so draft new Section 6 stillrefers to BS 5422: 2001. It is expected the new DomesticHeating Compliance Guide, Non-domestic Heating,Cooling and Ventilation Compliance Guide and TIMSAGuide will be referred to in the 2007 Technical Handbookswhen they are issued.13

Issues to ConsiderRepublic of Ireland1.12 On May 31, 2006, the new 2006 Edition of the BuildingRegulations 2005 Technical Guidance Document L(Conservation of Fuel and Energy) was published by theDepartment of the Environment, Heritage and LocalGovernment (DEHLG). It came into effect on July 1, 2006,and from that date, all plans submitted for planningapproval needed to comply with the new requirements.Technical Guidance Document L refers directly toBS 5422: 2001 as the required standard for buildingservices insulation.1.13 Building Services Insulation for Dwellings and TechnicalGuidance Document L to the Building Regulations(Republic of Ireland), 2006 EditionDwellings – All Methods of ComplianceAll ducts associated with the provision of heating in adwelling should be insulated to prevent heat loss except forducts within the normally heated area of the dwelling whichcontribute to the heat requirement of the dwelling.Unless the heat loss from a duct contributes to the usefulheat requirement of a room or space, the duct should beinsulated. Levels of duct insulation meeting therecommendations of BS 5422: 2001 should suffice.From the Building Regulations 2005. Technical Guidance Document L (Conservation ofFuel and Energy), 2006 Edition. DEHLG.Buildings other than Dwellings – All Methods of ComplianceDucts associated with the provision of heating in a buildingshould be insulated to limit heat loss, except where the heatflow through the wall of the duct is always useful inconditioning the surrounding space. Ducts that serveair-conditioning systems should be insulated to limit heatgain from the surrounding environment.Provision of insulation to ducts in accordance with thestandards specified in BS 5422: 2001, should adequatelylimit heat loss or heat gain, as appropriate.From the Building Regulations 2005. Technical Guidance Document L (Conservation ofFuel and Energy), 2006 Edition. DEHLG.1.14 It is clear from the new Technical Guidance Document Lthat the BS 5422: 2001 is the reference document for therequired standard of insulation for ducts.Northern Ireland1.16 On August 31, 2006, the new 2006 Editions of theBuilding Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000 TechnicalBooklets F1 and F2 (Conservation of fuel and power)were published by the Department of Finance andPersonnel (DFP). They came into effect on Nov 30, 2006,and from that date, all plans submitted for BuildingControl approval needed to comply with the newrequirements. Technical Booklets F1 ad F2 refer indirectlyto the TIMSA “Domestic and Non-Domestic Heating,Cooling and Ventilation Guide” (the TIMSA Guide) as therequired standard for building services insulation.1.17 Building Services Insulation and the new BuildingRegulations (Northern Ireland) 2000 Technical BookletsF1 and F2, 2006 EditionsNew DwellingsTechnical Booklet F1 states that ducts shall be insulated tostandards not less then those given in the Domestic HeatingCompliance Guide.The Domestic Heating Compliance Guide refers to theTIMSA Guide as the source document for the appropriatestandards of building services insulation but does notexplicitly mention insulation for ductwork.From the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000, Technical Booklet F1(Conservation of fuel and power in dwellings), 2006 Edition, DFP and the DomesticHeating Compliance Guide, 2006 Edition, DCLG.Existing DwellingsTechnical Booklet F1 states that ducts shall be insulated tostandards not less then those given in the Domestic HeatingCompliance Guide as part of the provision or extension of aheating service.The Domestic Heating Compliance Guide refers to theTIMSA Guide as the source document for the appropriatestandards of building services insulation but does notexplicitly mention insulation for ductwork.From the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000, Technical Booklet F1(Conservation of fuel and power in dwellings), 2006 Edition, DFP and the DomesticHeating Compliance Guide, 2006 Edition, DCLG.1.15 For more details of BS 5422: 2001 please refer tosection 3 of this Issues to Consider section of thisdocument.It is clear that BS 5422: 2001 is thereference document for the requiredstandard of insulation for ducts in theRepublic of Ireland.14

New Buildings Other than DwellingsTechnical Booklet F2 states that ventilation ductwork shall beinsulated in accordance with the recommendations given inthe Non-domestic Heating, Cooling and VentilationCompliance Guide and that the TIMSA Guide explains thederivation of the performance standards and how they canbe interpreted in practice.The Non-domestic Heating, Cooling and VentilationCompliance Guide refers to the TIMSA Guide as the sourcedocument for the appropriate standards of building servicesinsulation but in addition states that ducting should beinsulated along its whole length in order to provide thenecessary means of limiting heat gains and / or heat lossesfrom ducts. Where ducting may be used for both heating andcooling duties at different periods during its lifecycle, theprovisions for chilled ducting should be adopted, since theseare the most onerous. Additional provision for the control ofcondensation may need to be made as detailed in theTIMSA Guide.From the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000, Technical Booklet F2(Conservation of fuel and power in buildings other than dwellings), 2006 Edition, DFPand the Non-domestic Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Compliance Guide, 2006Edition, DCLG.1.18 It is clear from the new Technical Booklets F1 & F2 thatthe TIMSA Guide is the reference document for therequired standard of insulation for ducts.1.19 The TIMSA Guide is accepted as the required standard inthe new Technical Booklets F1 & F2 because it is basedon a rigorous analysis of environmental benefit, practicalityand cost effectiveness.1.20 For more detail on the implications of the new TIMSAGuide please refer to section 2 of this Issues to Considersection of this document.It is clear that the TIMSA Guide is thereference document for the requiredstandard of insulation for ducts inNorthern Ireland.Existing Buildings Other than DwellingsTechnical Booklet F2 covers work involving the provision orextension of a fixed building service:● when constructing an extension; and● when undertaking a material change of use.Technical Booklet F2 states that, in these circumstances,ventilation ductwork shall be insulated in accordance with therecommendations given in the Non-domestic Heating,Cooling and Ventilation Compliance Guide and that theTIMSA Guide explains the derivation of the performancestandards and how they can be interpreted in practice.The Non-domestic Heating, Cooling and VentilationCompliance Guide refers to the TIMSA Guide as the sourcedocument for the appropriate standards of building servicesinsulation but in addition states that ducting should beinsulated along its whole length in order to provide thenecessary means of limiting heat gains and / or heat lossesfrom ducts. Where ducting may be used for both heating andcooling duties at different periods during its lifecycle, theprovisions for chilled ducting should be adopted, since theseare the most onerous. Additional provision for the control ofcondensation may need to be made as detailed in theTIMSA Guide.From the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000, Technical Booklet F2(Conservation of fuel and power in buildings other than dwellings), 2006 Edition, DFPand the Non-domestic Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Compliance Guide, 2006Edition, DCLG.15

Issues to Consider2 The TIMSA Domestic and Non-DomesticHeating, Cooling and Ventilation Guide2.1 The British Standard, BS 5422: 2001 (Method forspecifying thermal insulating materials for pipes, tanks,vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within thetemperature range –40°C to +700°C), previously used asthe reference document for compliance with ApprovedDocuments L to the Building Regulations in England andWales and Technical Booklet F to the Building Regulations(Northern Ireland), has been replaced.2.2 The 2006 editions of Approved Documents L1A, L1B,L2A and L2B to the Building Regulations in England andWales and the 2006 editions of Technical Booklets F1and F2 to the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland),refer directly and indirectly to the TIMSA “Domestic andNon- Domestic Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Guide”(the TIMSA Guide) as the reference document for therequired standard of duct insulation to control heatloss / gain.2.3 The TIMSA Guide takes over the role of BS 5422: 2001,in providing practical information on how to comply withthe Building Regulations in England, Wales and NorthernIreland. It gives this information in the form of tables ofthicknesses of duct insulation for differing scenarios.2.4 The duct insulation tables in the TIMSA Guide are basedon the consideration of the control of energy usage andassociated carbon dioxide emissions. These tablescontinue to assure that the heat loss / gain for a givenduct will be equivalent, irrespective of the insulation typeselected. They have been created based on assumed fuelcosts, target payback periods, utilisation rates and otherrelevant factors. In particular, the social cost of carbonhas been included as a parameter.2.5 All tables in the TIMSA Guide are set out in astandardised format requiring the following data in orderto use them effectively:● the application of the ductwork (e.g. warm air, chilledair or dual purpose); and● the thermal conductivity of the insulation being used(at the mean operating temperature) in Watts permetre Kelvin (W/m . K).2.6 With this data it is possible to use the tables to determinethe thickness of insulation required. Examples of thethicknesses required by the TIMSA Guide are shown inthe tables below. More detail is given in the tables inAppendix B of the Project Specification section of thisdocument. Ducting, operating at temperatures outsidethose given in the tables will need specific calculations.Air Temperature (°C) Thickness (mm)Kooltherm ®Inside Duct Mineral NitrileDuct Ambient Insulation Fibre Rubber35 15 18 29* 33Thickness (mm) of Insulation for Warm Ducting Service Areasto Control Heat Loss (Based on TIMSA Guide Section 6.2.4)Air Temperature (°C) Thickness (mm)Kooltherm ®Inside Duct MineralDuct Ambient Insulation Fibre13 25 30 50*Thickness (mm) of Insulation for Chilled and Dual PurposeDucting Service Areas to Control Heat Gain (Based on TIMSAGuide Section 6.2.5)* This figure is based on an insulation thermal conductivity of 0.035 W/m . K at theaverage temperature of the insulation material. At the average temperature of theinsulation material, some mineral fibre duct insulation products may have a thermalconductivity lower than 0.035 W/m . K. For accurate thicknesses of those productsplease refer to a mineral fibre manufacturer. This table takes 0.035 W/m . K as a"safe" value.16

Issues to Consider3 BS 5422: 20013.1 The British Standard, BS 5422: 2001 (Method forspecifying thermal insulating materials for pipes, tanks,vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within thetemperature range –40°C to +700°C), has been replacedby the TIMSA Guide, as the reference document for therequired standard of duct insulation to control heat loss /gain for compliance with Approved Documents L to theBuilding Regulations in England and Wales and TechnicalBooklets F to the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland).3.2 BS 5422: 2001 is still the main reference document forcompliance with Technical Handbooks Section 6 to theBuilding Standards in Scotland and Technical GuidanceDocument L to the Building Regulations in theRepublic of Ireland.3.3 All tables in BS 5422: 2001 are set out in a standardisedformat requiring the following data in order to use themeffectively:● the application of the ductwork (e.g. warm air orchilled air);● either the temperature difference between air insidethe ductwork and the ambient air, or the minimum airtemperature inside the ductwork; and● the temperature conductivity of the insulation beingused (at the mean operating temperature) in Watts permetre Kelvin (W/m . K).3.4 With this data, it is possible to use the tables to determinethe thickness of insulation required to meet the standard.Examples of the thicknesses required by BS 5422: 2001are shown in the tables below. More detail is given in theTables in Appendix C of the Project Specification sectionof this document.Temperature Kingspan Mineral Nitriledifference Kooltherm ® Fibre Rubberbetween Ductair inside Insulationductwork andambient air(°C)10 20 34* 3825 27 44* 50Environmental Thickness (mm) of Insulation for DuctworkCarrying Warm Air to Control Heat Loss (Based on BS 5422:2001 Table 11)Minimum air Kingspan Mineraltemperature Kooltherm ® Fibreinside ductworkDuct(˚C)Insulation15 16 25*10 28 45*Thickness (mm) of Insulation for Condensation ControlDuctwork Carrying Chilled Air in Ambient Conditions(Based on BS 5422: 2001 Table 10)* This figure is based on an insulation thermal conductivity of 0.035 W/m . K at theaverage temperature of the insulation material. At the average temperature of theinsulation material, some mineral fibre duct insulation products may have a thermalconductivity lower than 0.035 W/m . K. For accurate thicknesses of those productsplease refer to a mineral fibre manufacturer. This table takes 0.035 W/m . K as a"safe" value.3.5 It can be seen from the tables above that in allcircumstances shown, the thickness of KingspanKooltherm ® Duct Insulation can be significantly less thanthat for mineral fibre (up to 41% thinner) or nitrile rubber(up to 47% thinner).The thickness of Kingspan Kooltherm ®Duct Insulation can be up to 41%thinner than that for mineral fibreand up to 47% thinner than that fornitrile rubber.3.6 Reduction in insulation thickness facilitates the installationof ductwork in confined spaces.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation canbe easier to install in confined spaces.18

3.7 Installing Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation, inpreference to mineral fibre or nitrile rubber, enables youto reduce the thickness of the insulated duct supportinserts, thus making significant savings.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulationmeans reduced insulated duct supportinsert thickness, thus saving on capitalcosts.3.8 Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation can be installed asa single layer, unlike nitrile rubber which can only besupplied in a single layer up to a limited maximumthickness, significantly reducing labour costs and time.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation canalways be installed as a single layer, unlikenitrile rubber, significantly reducing labourcosts and time.19

Issues to Consider4 NHS. Model Engineering Specifications.C02. Thermal Insulation. (NHS C02)4.1 The NHS have recognised the environmentalconsequences and energy costs associated with theconstruction of their premises and have issued targets onenergy efficiency for capital schemes entitled “NHS.Model Engineering Specifications. C02. ThermalInsulation.”or NHS C02 for short, to take account ofminimising energy costs.4.2 The NHS C02 specification originated in April 1993 andwas written by NHS energy specialists. This documenthas been continually updated and the most recent wasissued November 1997.4.3 On January 18, 2001, John Denham, Minister ofState, Department of Health gave a written answer tothe House of Commons which stated as follows:“The National Health Service has a good track record inachieving environmental targets, and there are a number ofinitiatives under way to support the NHS in achieving greaterenergy efficiency. This is an important matter, and we do notpropose to stand still. We are therefore taking the followingprogramme of action:We will write to all NHS trusts setting new mandatory targetsfor overall energy use and will be providing guidance to theNHS on how to improve its environmental performance.We will make existing targets for capital schemes mandatory,which means that all output specifications for private financeinitiative schemes must comply with those targets.We will include a new section on energy efficiency in theBusiness Case checklist, which the Department usesin assessing the quality and readiness of proposals forcapital schemes.The current British Standard for heat insulation is underreview, and I have asked that my officials review the currentmodel engineering specification in the light of this.The revised capital investment manual will include a newsection focusing on environmental issues.A joint NHS Estates / Department of the Environment,Transport and the Regions research and development projectis under way to produce a Building Research Establishmentenvironmental assessment model for hospitals.NHS C02 is being made mandatory for allcapital schemes in the NHS.4.4 The thicknesses of different insulation materials requiredto meet the standard are shown in the table below.More detail is given in “NHS. Model EngineeringSpecifications. C02. Thermal Insulation.” itself.Temperature Kingspan Mineral Nitriledifference Kooltherm ® Fibre Rubberbetween Ductair inside Insulationductwork andambient air(°C)Up to 25 31 50* 60Maximum Air Temperature Inside Ductwork:+40°CAssumed Thermal Conductivity (k–value) of Insulation:Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation0.021 W/m . KMineral Fibre0.035 W/m . KNitrile Rubber (Class O)0.040 W/m . KMinimum Thickness (mm) of Insulation for Ductwork CarryingWarm Air to Control Heat Loss (Based on NHS C02 Table 14)* This figure is based on an insulation thermal conductivity of 0.035 W/m . K at theaverage temperature of the insulation material. At the average temperature of theinsulation material, some mineral fibre duct insulation products may have a thermalconductivity lower than 0.035 W/m . K. For accurate thicknesses of those productsplease refer to a mineral fibre manufacturer. This table takes 0.035 W/m . K as a"safe" value.The NHS C02 Table 14, Note 2, refers to Table 10 ofBS 5422 for minimum thickness (mm) of insulation forductwork carrying chilled air to control heat gain.For more details of BS 5422: 2001 please refer tosection 3 of this Issues to Consider section of thisdocument.20

4.5 It can be seen from the above that the required thicknessof Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation can besignificantly less than that for mineral fibre (up to 38%thinner) or nitrile rubber (up to 48% thinner).The thickness of Kingspan Kooltherm ®Duct Insulation required by NHS C02 canbe up to 38% thinner than that formineral fibre and up to 48% thinnerthan that for nitrile rubber.4.6 Reduction in insulation thickness facilitates the installationof ductwork in confined spaces.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation canbe easier to install in confined spaces.4.7 Installing Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation inpreference to mineral fibre or nitrile rubber enables you toreduce the thickness of the insulated duct support insertsthus making significant savings.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulationmeans reduced insulated duct supportinsert thickness, thus saving on capitalcosts.4.8 Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation can be installed asa single layer, unlike nitrile rubber which can only besupplied in a single layer up to a limited maximumthickness, significantly reducing labour costs and time.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation canalways be installed as a single layer, unlikenitrile rubber, significantly reducing labourcosts and time.4.9 Design Note 15 for NHS C02 states:“The use of man–made mineral fibre (MMMF) insulation hasbeen deliberately restricted in this Specification from certainareas of Health Care Buildings.”4.10 NHS C02 Element 02 Materials states:that insulation shall not “be used in kitchens, foodpreparation or food storage areas (including ceiling voidsand ducts, and access from these areas etc.) nor in airconditioned / aseptic spaces if it contains glass or rock fibre.”4.11 NHS C02 Element 08 Table 4:restricts mineral fibre from all cold water services and chilledwater services, from all air conditioning supply and plenumducts and from all occupied areas and other ducts.NHS C02 restricts mineral fibre from allcold water services and chilled waterservices, from all air conditioning supplyand plenum ducts and from all occupiedareas and other ducts.4.12 The NHS C02 Specification is due for revision.21

Issues to Consider5 Sustainability5.1 In the past, erroneously, the relative environmentalsustainability of insulation materials has been compared onthe basis of embodied energy and ozone depletionpotential. It is now recognised that a much wider basket ofembodied environmental impacts (including those causedby their embodied energy), rather than embodied energyalone, is the only credible tool of comparison. Time hasalso annulled ozone depletion potential as an issue as allinsulation materials are now banned from using CFC andHCFC blowing agents by law.5.2 For buildings designed to today’s Building Regulationsenergy use standards it is now also known that theembodied environmental impacts of all of the materialsand labour used to create a building are insignificant incomparison with the lifetime operational environmentalimpacts of that building and so are of very limitedimportance. Since it is operational energy use that createsthe vast majority of operational environmental impact,saving energy by specifying the lowest heat loss / gainand ductwork air-leakagestandards possible is the mostenvironmentally sustainableaction to take. A groundbreaking study “Insulation forEnvironmental Sustainability”has been published by BING onthis and related issues. This report,written by XC02 connisbee, is freelyavailable from Kingspan Insulation(see rear cover).5.3 Furthermore, one of the most neglected facts aboutenvironmentally sustainable buildings is that the longevityof their standards of operational energy use, and thereforethe longevity their operational environmental impacts, iscritical. The performance of some insulants, such asmineral fibre, can deteriorate rapidly if exposed to waterpenetration, air movement or compression. This mayincrease operational energy use and hence compromisethe environmental sustainability of the finished building toan alarming degree. Other insulation materials, such asrigid phenolic insulation, are not vulnerable to any of theseproblems.5.4 In summary, designers should:(a) specify the best heat loss / gain and ductworkair-leakage standards possible regardless of insulationtype;(b design out the risk of their chosen insulant notperforming as specified; and(c) if the latter is not possible, choose an insulant that isat low risk of failure e.g. rigid phenolic insulation.5.5 However, manufacturers should not rest on their laurels, itis a matter of social responsibility to be open and honestabout the environmental impact of the manufacture of aproduct, and a full Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) based on amuch wider basket of environmental impacts, rather thanembodied energy alone, is recognised as the preferredtool to achieve this.5.6 Kingspan Insulation was the first insulation manufacturerto complete and openly publish an independently certifiedEcoprofile (a type of LCA) on one of its product ranges.This was carried out by the Building ResearchEstablishment (BRE). Kingspan Insulation is currentlycompleting a BRE Ecoprofile of its rigid phenolic insulationboard products, including Kingspan Kooltherm ® DuctInsulation.5.7 But there is far more to sustainability than whether or nota product, process or company affects the environment ina positive or a negative way. A company can and shoulddemonstrate its financial viability and social responsibility,as well as ensure that its materials and methods do notadd unduly to the burden placed on the planet.22

5.8 In 2004 Kingspan Insulation put the manufacture of itsproducts at its Pembridge facility in Herefordshirethrough a rigorous independent appraisal of its economic,social, environmental and natural resource impacts usingArup’s SPeAR ® tool. These products include KingspanKooltherm ® Duct Insulation.A year later 2005 and then again in 2006, Arup returnedto the Pembridge site to audit Kingspan Insulation’sprogress.2006 Assessment2004 AppraisalThe results showed a well balanced performance in termsof sustainability, and that Kingspan Insulation is alreadymeeting legislation or best practice in most areas, evenmoving beyond best practice in some. KingspanInsulation is the first and only construction materialmanufacturer to have taken this bold move and openlypublish the results.The results showed a substantial improvement across allfour sections of the Arup SPeAR ® tool. Once again, theconclusions of the audit are beingmade public.For further information, contact theKingspan Insulation marketingdepartment for a copy of the fullArup SPeAR ® report ‘SustainabilityAppraisal’ (see rear cover).Arup’s report details the recommendations and theactions that Kingspan Insulation committed to take as aresult of Arup’s analysis.23

Issues to Consider6 Moisture and Exacerbated HeatLoss / Gain6.1 The measure of the rate at which heat flows through aninsulant is known as its thermal conductivity or k–value.The lower the k–value, the better the insulant is atrestricting heat flow. Kingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolicinsulation has a k–value of 0.021 W/m . K at 10°C, whichoffers the best performance of all commonly utilisedinsulating materials. This allows specified insulationstandards to be achieved with the minimum thicknessof insulant.6.2 The k–value for an insulant is measured with the materialunder laboratory conditions. In–service applications rarelyif ever replicate these conditions and it is thereforeimportant to consider physical factors which may alter thisstate and lead to an increase in the k–value of thematerial and thus increased primary energy usage.6.3 The k–values of commonly used insulants typically lie inthe range of 0.021 to 0.046 W/m . K at 10°C. Thesemeasurements relate to the material at a specifictemperature and in a dry state. If moisture is introducedinto the insulant the measured conductivity will increasevery significantly. If moisture is able to penetrate to thepoint of saturation or near saturation, the thermalefficiency of the insulant can be destroyed. This is due tothree main mechanisms:● the k–value of water is 0.58 W/m . K at 10°C, which issignificantly higher than that of all commonly usedinsulants – thus if moisture is present the overallthermal conductivity of the material will increasesignificantly depending on the quantity of waterabsorbed;● moisture moving through or within an insulant caneffectively absorb heat from the warm side and thendissipate it on the cold side of the assembly; and● a closed assembly in which moisture is trapped withinthe insulant between impermeable layers (such as withaluminium foil faced pipe insulation) can be subject toadditional ‘phase change’ heat losses. These heatlosses occur when heat from the warm side of theinsulant vapourises the trapped moisture which thendiffuses through the insulant to the cold side. When itreaches the cold side the heat is dissipated, the vapourcondenses back into liquid form and flows back to thewarm side of the insulation. This is a closed cycle whichcould theoretically continue indefinitely if acceptableenvironmental conditions prevail and leads to significantadditional heat losses through the insulant.6.4 Moisture can be present in insulation due to:● penetration through the weather protection; and● vapour penetration through the vapour barrier jacketleading to interstitial condensation.6.5 Mineral fibre has little resistance to water vapourpenetration which may occur if it is installed with animperfectly sealed vapour barrier jacket or if the vapourbarrier jacket is damaged in use. This can result in:● condensation formation;● corroded ductwork;● dripping services and spoiled ceilings;● mould growth and bad odour;● building fabric damage;● increased energy consumption; and● expensive repair works causing disruption to business.Mineral fibre has little resistance to watervapour penetration6.6 Different types of insulant absorb differing levels ofmoisture. The level of moisture absorbed also affectsvarying types of insulants in different ways. Whilst closedcell materials, e.g. Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation,may have low water vapour permeability characteristics,fibrous insulating materials can absorb considerablequantities of water which, whilst present can adverselyaffect the thermal conductivity and the effectiveness of theinsulation.24

6.7 High performance closed cell insulants such asKingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation obtain much oftheir insulating power from the blowing gases which aretrapped within their cellular structure. As such insulantshave in excess of a 90% closed cell content, moisture isnot readily absorbed as it must penetrate through the cellwalls to enter the material. This does not readily occurunless the cell walls have been damaged. If it doesoccur, the amount of moisture absorption is generallyvery low and is effectively eliminated if the insulant isfaced with an impervious material such as aluminium foil.6.8 Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation has a lightweightclosed cell structure which makes it more resistant tomoisture penetration.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation ishighly resistant to moisture penetration.6.9 The risk of moisture penetration from damage to thevapour barrier jacket is considerably reduced asKingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation is of ‘closed cell’construction.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulationreduces the risk from damage to vapourbarrier jackets.6.10 Vapour seal tape can be easier to apply to KingspanKooltherm ® Duct Insulation with a more secure andefficient seal.6.12 Research has been undertaken into the effect of moistureon mineral fibre insulants by Achtziger and Cammerer ofFIW in Germany. Their research concluded that 1%moisture content by volume within mineral fibre canincrease the thermal conductivity of the material by36–107% with 4 of the 5 samples tested falling within the95–107% increase range (ForschungsvorhabenNr.815–80.01.83–4 contained within CEN TC 88 WG4–N484). Such increases in the thermal conductivity ofthe material could have a very significant impact on thelevel of heat loss or gain on a building services installation.Only 1% moisture content by volumewithin mineral fibre can increase itsthermal conductivity by up to 107%.6.11 Mineral fibre insulants are open structured materialswhich rely largely on entrapped still air for much of theirinsulating power. They can have little long term resistanceto water and may have no resistance to vapour flow.Thus the potential for moisture absorption can be veryhigh if the factory applied vapour barrier jacket is eitherdamaged or inadequately sealed.25

Issues to Consider7 Ageing / Long Term Degradation7.1 Mineral fibre insulants are not generally considered to besubject to degradation of their thermal performance.However research has shown that where a combination ofmoisture within the insulant and a heat source are present,permanent long term degradation of the matrix and fibrescan occur.Research by Low et al. (ASTM STP 922) into the materialdegradation of mineral fibre, revealed that significantchanges can occur to the physical structure of the materialunder the combined influence of heat and moisture.7.2 Measurements of the actual increase in thermalconductivity of the test material showed that degradationcould vary between 15 and 20%, depending upon thedensity of the material and the level of heat input whenthe insulant was wet.Permanent long term degradation ofmineral fibre can occur due to thecombined action of moisture and heatwith a resulting 15–20% degradationin thermal conductivity.7.6 BS 5422: 2001 (Method for specifying thermal Insulatingmaterials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork andequipment operating within the temperature range –40°Cto +700°C) subsection 5.1c specifies that “the materials(insulation) do not suffer permanent structural or physicaldeterioration as a result of contact with moisture.”7.7 Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation is closed cell whichconsiderably slows down any moisture absorption. It isnot therefore subject to wetting, subsequent structuraldeterioration or any permanent long term reduction intheir thermal performance. Kingspan Kooltherm ® DuctInsulation therefore complies fully with the requirements ofsubsection 5.1c of BS 5422:2001 and can provide amore reliable long term thermal performance than mineralfibre materials.Independent testing of KingspanKooltherm ® Duct Insulation has shownthat its thermal performance is not proneto long term degradation.7.3 Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation consists of a denselycross linked structure which does not readily break down.Independent testing of Kingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolicinsulation (Thermal Measurement Laboratory, University ofSalford) has shown that its thermal performance is notprone to long term degradation.7.4 If moisture is able to penetrate the outer damagedcells of phenolic insulation, it will increase the overallthermal conductivity of the product slightly. However, itwill not lead to any long term degradation of the productand will fully dry out once favourable environmentalconditions exist.7.5 Immediately after manufacture, Kingspan Kooltherm ®Duct Insulation has a thermal conductivity (k–value) ofapproximately 0.017 W/m . K at 10 °C which increases to0.021 W/m . K at 10°C during the first few months of thematerials life. The thermal conductivity then remains stablefor the service life of the product. An aged thermalconductivity of 0.021 W/m . K at 10°C is the value thatshould be used in all thermal calculations.26

8 New European FireClassification System8.1 Many different fire tests are used to assess the fireperformance of construction products. “Reaction to fire”tests are appropriate to help establish the fireperformance of construction products used to line thewalls and ceiling of rooms. The important features areease of ignition and contribution to any fire alreadystarted in a room. Other tests, such as “resistance tofire”, are important in assessing the ability of a wallconstruction, for example, to impede the progress of afire between rooms or to the outside. Still other firetests, such as whole room or roof tests, are used toassess potential fire damage and spread. Some arenational, whilst still others are set by independent bodiesacting for the insurance industry.8.2 Throughout the EU there are currently a large numberof different tests used for assessing the “reaction to fire”of construction products. These variations acrossnational boundaries mean that translation orperformance comparison of a product when assessedby different methods is impossible, leading to barriers totrade. Additionally these test methods are often linked tonational regulatory requirements so pan–Europeanchanges are not easy.8.3 A new system has been developed to assess the“reaction to fire” for wall and ceiling linings. This hasbeen negotiated with the national fire regulators of theEU countries by the European Commission. It is basedon a classification system with a supporting set oftest methods. No European system has yet beenagreed to assess “resistance to fire” performance,or "reaction to fire" for flooring or building servicesproducts.8.4 It is the “reaction to fire” classification that is of importanceto insulation for ductwork in building services applications.However, it is not yet applicable to ductwork since,amongst other things, the method of mounting and fixingfor fire testing has not yet been agreed. Hence, althoughreferences may be made to the Euroclass system for"reaction to fire", it can not be officially used until the testmethod and the European standard in which it lies,pr EN 14314 (Thermal insulation products for buildingequipment and industrial installations - Factory madephenolic foam products), has been approved.The ‘reaction to fire’ classification is notyet applicable to ductwork.8.5 Classification Document BS / I.S. EN 13501(Reaction to Fire)8.5.1 When the Euroclass system for "reaction to fire" ofbuilding services products is approved, the classificationof a material will depend upon its performance in definedtests, or a defined combination of tests. There will beseven "reaction to fire" classes, ranging from the highest(best) Class of A1 to the lowest (worst) class of F.These figures (A1, etc) may be used in lieu of thosewhich have been employed in the UK, Ireland andEurope for many years – i.e. spread of flame,combustibility, limited combustibility, etc.27

Issues to Consider8.6 Euro–classification and Rigid Phenolic InsulationIn an effort to get some correlation between the newEuropean fire tests and the existing BS tests (BS 476-6and BS 476-7) a research program was undertaken.This investigation was funded jointly by the DETR andindustry and carried out at the Warrington Fire Researchestablishment.Rigid phenolic insulation, in the form of rigid boards,was included in this research program and easilyachieved a Class B rating.Rigid phenolic insulation easily achieveda class B rating.8.7 Euro–Classification and Mineral FibreIt should be noted that contrary to material circulated bythe mineral fibre industry, not all mineral fibre productswill achieve an A1 classification.Many faced mineral fibre products may only achieve anA2 or B classification. Results from the first round robinon the SBI test revealed that paper faced mineral fibreproduct may even be in class E or F. Some higherdensity mineral fibre products may only achieve a B,the same as rigid phenolic insulation.Many faced mineral fibre products mayonly achieve an A2 or B classification andsome higher density mineral fibre productsmay only achieve a B classification, thesame as rigid phenolic insulation.8.8 Replacement of the Historical Class O / LowRisk SystemThere are no plans to replace the historical classificationsystem used in the UK and Ireland. The historicalsystem remains for now but Class O / Low Risk canbe achieved either by BS 476 tests or the Euroclasssystem.Class O / Low Risk correlates with Class B.Tests carried out at unnamed premises and sponsoredby a mineral fibre manufacturer on a low density(20 kg/m 3 ) open cell phenolic insulation that is notsuitable for construction applications have yielded aClass C result.This is an example of the misunderstandings that existon the use and performance of insulation products.It illustrates that it is of vital importance that the fireperformance of insulation products is seen in thecontext of their end use. The testing of products withinsufficient relation to their end use is misleading.It is known that there are controversial aspects to thenew tests, such as the FIGRA (i.e. initial heat releasedivided by time), which may lead to unexpectedclassifications because of early burn off of a surfacelayer – such as a paint coating. Therefore, it is unlikelythat products that are currently Class O / Low Risk willbe discriminated against, in terms of their acceptancefor use in buildings, merely on account of the newclassification system. In that sense, the use of simpleconversion tables is a gross over simplification andshould be avoided.28

Project Specification1 General1.1 The sub–contractor shall include for the supply, deliveryand installation of materials necessary for the thermalinsulation of systems described in this specification.1.2 The insulation work shall be carried out by a Memberof the Thermal Insulation Contractors Association.The thermal insulation specialist shall make himself fullyacquainted with all the site conditions and programme ofworks and shall execute his works within such confinesand programme.1.3 The thermal insulation shall not be applied until theductwork installation has been tested.1.4 Insulation materials and finishes shall be inherentlyproof against rotting, mould and fungal growth andattack by vermin, be non–hygroscopic and in allrespects be suitable for continuous use throughoutthe range of operating temperatures and within theenvironment indicated.1.5 Any work not of acceptable standard shall be removedand replaced at no cost to the contract.1.6 All insulation materials and finishes shall be installed inaccordance with the manufacturers recommendations.1.7 No insulation material containing CFC or HCFCcomponents shall be accepted.2 Standard References2.1 British StandardsBS 476–6: 1989Fire tests on building materials and structures. Method oftest for fire propagation for productsBS 476–7: 1997Fire tests on building materials and structures. Method oftest to determine the classification of the surface spreadof flame of productsBS 4370–1: 1988 (1996)Methods of test for rigid cellular materials. Methods 1 to 5BS 4370–2: 1993Methods of test for rigid cellular materials. Methods 7 to 9BS EN ISO 4590: 2003Rigid cellular plastics. Determination of the volumepercentage of open cells and of closed cellsBS 5422: 2001Method for specifying thermal insulating materials forpipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operatingwithin the temperature range –40°C to +700°CBS EN ISO 9001: 2000Quality management systems. Requirements2.2 Other ReferencesTIMSA GuideTIMSA Domestic and Non-Domestic Heating, Coolingand Ventilation GuideNES Specification ExpertY50 Thermal InsulationNHS C02National Health Service. Model engineering specifications.C02. Thermal insulationDefence Estate Organisation Ministry of DefenceSpecification 037: 1997Air conditioning, air cooling and mechanical ventilationfor buildings2.3 Building Regulations / StandardsEngland & WalesThe Building Regulations 2000. Approved Document B2002 Edition. Appendix A 12ScotlandThe Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations. Section 2(Non Domestic) 2006. 2 E TableNorthern IrelandThe Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2005.Technical Booklet E. Paragraph 2.4Irish RepublicThe Building Regulations 2006. Technical GuidanceDocument B. Appendix A. Paragraphs A11 and A1229

Project Specification3 Fire Rating of Insulation Materials3.1 All insulation materials and facings installed withinbuildings shall achieve the following standards whentested to:–BS 476–6: 1989 – Of Low Contribution to Fire Growthwith Fire Propagation Index of performance (I) notexceeding 12 and sub index (i 1 ) not exceeding 6.BS 476–7: 1997 – Of Very Low Surface Spread of Flame(Class 1).3.2 Insulation systems which meet the required combinedstandards as detailed above are rated Class O / Low Riskto the Building Regulations / Standards.3.3 Insulation materials, adhesives, sealants and facingsinstalled on ductwork and equipment external tobuildings shall be rated as Class 1 when tested toBS 476–7: 1997.4 Scope of Works4.1 Unless otherwise indicated, the following services shall bethermally insulated and also vapour sealed where noted:a. warm air ventilation distribution ductwork insulated tosuit temperatures;b. air conditioning distribution ductwork insulated andvapour sealed;c. fresh air intake ducts to plant insulated and vapoursealed;d. return air to plantroom insulated to suit temperature;ande. ductwork exposed on roof or other external locationsas above, but with additional weatherproof finish.30

5 Materials5.1 Rectangular Ductwork5.1.1 Insulation shall comprise 40 kg/m 3 nominal densityCFC/HCFC–free rigid phenolic insulation boards withzero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), reinforced with analuminium foil vapour barrier jacket autohesively bondedto the exposed face and glass fibre autohesively bondedto the inner face.5.1.2 The aged thermal conductivity of the insulant shall notexceed 0.021 W/m . K at 10°C mean.5.1.3 The rigid phenolic core of the insulation shall be Class O/ Low Risk rated to the Building Regulations / Standards.5.1.4 The insulation shall be Kingspan Kooltherm ® DuctInsulation, rigid phenolic insulation as manufactured byKingspan Insulation Limited.App. A1App. D: Figure D15.1.5 Insulation thickness is to be determined in accordancewith the TIMSA Guide / BS 5422: 2001 (delete asapplicable), from the tables in App. B / C (delete asapplicable) of this specification.5.1.6 Ductwork supports for insulated ductwork shall be rigidphenolic insulated duct support inserts between thesupport and the ductwork to the thickness of adjacentduct insulation. The support inserts shall be minimumone and a half times as wide as the support itself, e.g.Fensell Flat Duct Supports, or equivalent. App. A2App. D: Figure D15.2 Circular Ductwork (up to and Including350 mm Diameter)5.2.1 Insulation shall comprise foil faced 35 kg/m 3 nominaldensity CFC/HCFC–free rigid phenolic pipe insulationsections or radius & bevelled lags with zero OzoneDepletion Potential (ODP).5.2.2 The aged thermal conductivity of the insulant shall notexceed 0.021 W/m . K at 10°C mean.5.2.3 The rigid phenolic core of the insulation shall be Class O /Low Risk rated to the Building Regulations / Standards.5.2.4 The insulation shall be e.g. Kooltherm ® Pipe Insulation,as manufactured by Kingspan Tarec Industrial InsulationLimited, or equivalent.App. A3App. D: Figure D25.2.5 Insulation thickness is to be determined in accordance withthe TIMSA Guide / BS 5422: 2001 (delete as applicable).5.2.6 Ductwork supports for insulated ductwork shall be rigidphenolic insulated pipe support inserts between thesupport and the ductwork to the thickness of adjacentduct insulation. The support inserts shall be minimumone and a half times as wide as the support itself, e.g.Kooltherm ® Insulated Pipe Support Inserts asmanufactured by Kingspan Tarec Industrial InsulationLimited, or equivalent.App. A4App. D: Figure D25.3 Circular Ductwork (with Diameter Greater than350 mm)5.3.1 Insulation shall comprise 40 kg/m 3 nominal densityCFC/HCFC–free rigid phenolic insulation boards withzero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), reinforced with analuminium foil vapour barrier jacket autohesively bondedto the exposed face and glass fibre autohesively bondedto the inner face during manufacture, and slotted so asto accommodate surface curvature.5.3.2 The aged thermal conductivity of the insulant shall notexceed 0.021 W/m . K at 10°C mean.5.3.3 The rigid phenolic core of the insulation shall be Class O /Low Risk rated to the Building Regulations / Standards.5.3.4 The insulation shall be Kingspan Kooltherm ® DuctInsulation, rigid phenolic insulation as manufactured byKingspan Insulation Limited.App. A1App. D: Figure D25.3.5 Insulation thickness is to be determined in accordancewith the TIMSA Guide / BS 5422: 2001 (delete asapplicable), from the tables in App. B / C (delete asapplicable) of this specification.5.3.6 Ductwork supports for insulated ductwork shall becrocodile strips (rigid phenolic insulated circular ductsupport inserts) between the support and the ductworkto the thickness of adjacent duct insulation. The supportinserts shall be minimum one and a half times as wideas the support itself e.g. Fensell Flexible Duct Supports,or equivalent.App. A5App. D: Figure D25.4 Flat Oval Ductwork (Rounded Ends up to andIncluding 350 mm Diameter)5.4.1 Insulation shall comprise foil faced 35 kg/m 3 nominaldensity CFC/HCFC–free rigid phenolic pipe insulationsections or radius & bevelled lags with zero OzoneDepletion Potential (ODP).5.4.2 The aged thermal conductivity of the insulant shall notexceed 0.021 W/m . K at 10°C mean.5.4.3 The rigid phenolic core of the insulation shall be Class O/ Low Risk rated to the Building Regulations / Standards.5.4.4 The insulation shall be e.g. Kooltherm ® Pipe Insulation,as manufactured by Kingspan Tarec Industrial InsulationLimited, or equivalent.App. A3App. D: Figure D35.4.5 Insulation thickness is to be determined in accordancewith the TIMSA Guide / BS 5422: 2001 (delete asapplicable).31

Project Specification5.5 Flat Oval Ductwork (Rounded Ends with DiameterGreater than 350 mm)5.5.1 Insulation shall comprise 40 kg/m 3 nominal densityCFC/HCFC–free rigid phenolic insulation boards withzero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), reinforced with analuminium foil vapour barrier jacket autohesively bondedto the exposed face and glass fibre autohesively bondedto the inner face during manufacture, and slotted so asto accommodate surface curvature.5.5.2 The aged thermal conductivity of the insulant shall notexceed 0.021 W/m . K at 10°C mean.5.5.3 The rigid phenolic core of the insulation shall be Class O /Low Risk rated to the Building Regulations / Standards.5.5.4 The insulation shall be Kingspan Kooltherm ® DuctInsulation, rigid phenolic insulation as manufactured byKingspan Insulation Limited.App. A1App. D: Figure D35.5.5 Insulation thickness is to be determined in accordancewith the TIMSA Guide / BS 5422: 2001 (delete asapplicable), from the tables in App. B / C (delete asapplicable) of this specification.5.6 Flat Oval Ductwork (Flat Surfaces)5.6.1 Insulation shall comprise 40 kg/m 3 nominal densityCFC/HCFC–free rigid phenolic insulation boards withzero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), reinforced with analuminium foil vapour barrier jacket autohesively bondedto the exposed face and glass fibre autohesively bondedto the inner face.5.6.2 The aged thermal conductivity of the insulant shall notexceed 0.021 W/m . K at 10°C mean.5.6.3 The rigid phenolic core of the insulation shall be Class O/ Low Risk rated to the Building Regulations / Standards.5.6.4 The insulation shall be Kingspan Kooltherm ® DuctInsulation, rigid phenolic insulation as manufactured byKingspan Insulation Limited.App. A1App. D: Figure D35.6.5 Insulation thickness is to be determined in accordancewith the TIMSA Guide / BS 5422: 2001 (delete asapplicable), from the tables in App. B / C (delete asapplicable) of this specification.5.6.6 Ductwork supports for insulated ductwork shall be rigidphenolic insulated duct support inserts between thesupport and the ductwork to the thickness of adjacentduct insulation. The support inserts shall be minimumone and a half times as wide as the support itself, e.g.Fensell Flat Duct Supports, or equivalent. App. A2App. D: Figure D36 Insulation Finishes6.1 Service Ducts, Ceiling Voids and Floor Voids6.1.2 Duct insulation and insulated duct support inserts shallbe supplied with a factory applied reinforced aluminiumfoil finish, rated as Class O / Low Risk to the BuildingRegulations / Standards. All joints in the foil jacket,penetrations through the jacket or exposed edges to theinsulation shall be sealed with 100 mm wideself–adhesive aluminium foil tape, or moisture resistantsealant, e.g. Fosters 95–44 or equivalent (App. A6).6.2 Internal and Exposed to View6.2.1 Specification for duct insulation will be as detailed insection 6.1, plus the following finish:The duct insulation shall be wrapped with a 170 g/m 2canvas membrane with a water based coating, e.g.Idenden ET–10 or equivalent (App. A7). When fully driedthe outer surface of the canvas shall be treated with asecond coat in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions. It is essential that the finish is applied to ahigh standard. An additional acrylic emulsion paint finishshall be provided to an approved BS colour if necessary.6.3 Internal in Plant Rooms or Boiler Houses6.3.1 Specification for duct insulation will be as detailed insection 6.1, plus the following mechanical protection:● insulation to be overcoated with two full applicationsof Idenden ET–150 coating (App. A8) with openweave No. 10 Glass Cloth between coats (App. A9);or alternatively● insulation to be finished with fabricated sheetaluminium casings 0.8 mm thick. Cladding toductwork operating at temperatures below ambient,to be secured with aluminium bands and matchingseals at 450 mm centres and at circumferential jointswhich shall be overlapped by a minimum of 40 mm.6.4 External (Weather Protection)6.4.1 Specification for duct insulation will be as detailed insection 6.1 plus the following weather protection:● insulation to be overcoated with two full applicationsof Idenden 30–150 coating (App. A10), with No. 10Glass Cloth between coats (App. A9). A solventbased weatherproof mastic e.g. Foster 60–75(App. A11) or equivalent shall be used in damp andlow temperature conditions; or alternatively● insulation shall have a weatherproof coating ofminimum 0.8 mm thickness polyisobutylenesheeting bonded to the insulation with, minimum30 mm wide circumferential and longitudinal lapjoints, which shall be fully solvent welded inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions.32

7 Standards and Workmanship7.2.1 All thermal insulation shall be bonded to the duct witha general purpose contact adhesive, e.g. Howstik230 NF or equivalent. App. A127.2.2 On rectangular ductwork, the insulation shall be cut onsite so that the top and bottom slabs overlap the sidesat all four corners of the duct. Insulation to invertedsurfaces, or on sides of ducts exceeding 600 mm indepth, shall be additionally secured with pre–bondedinsulation pins and washers spaced at 300 mm centres.7.2.3 On circular and flat oval ducting the insulation shall beadditionally supported with 15 mm wide aluminiumstrapping with matching seals applied circumferentialbands at minimum 350 mm centres.7.2.4 All foil joints and any protrusions through the facingshall be sealed with 100 mm wide self–adhesivealuminium foil tape.7.2.5 The vapour seal shall be maintained by taping overthe joint between insulated duct support inserts andthe adjacent duct insulation.7.2.6 The insulation shall be carefully formed around accessopenings, damper arms and test holes to give adequateaccess, whilst maintaining the vapour seal and providingprotection from mechanical damage.7.2.7 Where the insulated ductwork is external at roof level,insulation to the ductwork topside shall be fitted tofalls to avoid ‘ponding’ of rain water in way of theweatherproofing membrane.8 Identification of services8.1 The contractor shall include for the identification of thoseservices both insulated and uninsulated.8.2 Directional arrows or other labels denoting flow and return(F & R) where specified, shall be either PVC adhesive tapeor painted symbols as agreed with the engineer.Appendix A – Materials, Technical Dataand InformationA1A2A3A4A5Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation(CFC/HCFC–free rigid phenolic insulation with zero OzoneDepletion Potential (ODP) for ductwork)Fensell Flat Duct Supports(Rigid phenolic insulated rectangular duct support inserts)Kooltherm ® Pipe Insulation(Rigid phenolic insulation for small circular ductwork androunded ends of flat oval ductwork with a diameter ofup to and including 350 mm)Kooltherm ® Insulated Pipe Support Inserts(Rigid phenolic insulated circular support inserts for smallcircular ductwork and the rounded ends of flat ovalductwork with a diameter of up to and including 350 mm)Fensell Flexible Duct Supports(Crocodile strips – rigid phenolic insulated circular ductsupport inserts for large circular ductwork with a diameterof greater than 350 mm)A6 Fosters 95–44(Moisture resistant sealant)A7A8A9Idenden ET–10(Protective coating)Idenden ET–150(Coating)No.10 Glass cloth(Open weave glass fibre reinforcing membrane)A10 Idenden 30–150(Vapour barrier coating)A11 Fosters 60–75(Solvent based weatherproof mastic)A12 Howstik 230 NF(General purpose contact adhesive)8.3 Directional arrows and labels, shall be made at changesof direction, inlets & exits to ducts and buildings and ateither side of walls and floors.8.4 All arrows used to indicate direction of flow shall beeither black or white to contrast with the colour of theinsulation finish.33

Project SpecificationAppendix A1 – Kingspan Kooltherm ®Duct InsulationDescriptionKingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation has a CFC/HCFC–freerigid phenolic core with a density of 40 kg/m 3 . Manufactured bya continuous process the quality of the insulation is constantlymonitored and controlled. A closed cell structure gives theproduct excellent thermal properties as well as resistance tomoisture penetration and wicking.The exposed facing of Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation isan extremely durable and puncture resistant aluminium foil witha 12 mm x 12 mm glass scrim with the inner facing comprisinga glass tissue. Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation is able towithstand temperatures from –20°C to +80°C. It also has anexceptional resistance to burning and spread of flame.The composition of Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation issuch that when subjected to fire the outer surface forms astrong carbonaceous layer which retards further flame spreadand penetration. Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation satisfiesthe requirements of the TIMSA Guide and BS 5422: 2001 alongwith other major national specifications including NHS C02,NES Specification Expert Y50 and DEO Specification 037.Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation is manufactured under aquality control system approved to BS EN ISO 9001: 2000(Quality management systems. Requirements).ApplicationKingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation is for use on ductwork inbuilding services applications. Kingspan Kooltherm ® DuctInsulation is also used as an insulant for tanks and vessels.The durable aluminium foil on the exposed face is used toprevent the ingress of moisture, dust and dirt into theinsulation. The glass tissue on the inner face is compatible withthe types of solvent based adhesives normally used foradhering insulation materials to ductwork.Availability● Board dimensions: 1200 x 600 mm or 2400 x 1200 mm.● Board thicknesses: Please contact the KingspanInsulation Customer Service Department or refer to theKingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation Price List for currentstock and non-stock sizes.General Physical Properties (Rigid Phenolic Insulation Core)Nominal Density (BS 4370–1: 1988 (1996)) 40 kg/m 3Thermal Conductivity at 10°C Mean Temp (BS 4370–2: 1993) 0.021 W/m . KColourPinkMinimum Closed Cell Content (BS EN ISO 4590: 2003) >90%Water Vapour Resistivity240 MN . s/g . mMoisture Vapour Permeability (at 38˚C, 88% RH) 10 µg . m/N . hCompressive Strength at 10% Compression (BS 4370–1: 1988 (1996))Parallel to Rise100 kPaOperating Temperature Limits of Board Upper Limit +80°CLower Limit–20°CSpecific Heat Capacity 1.88 kJ/kg . °CFire Test Classifications (Rigid Phenolic Insulation Core)Kingspan Kooltherm ® rigid phenolic insulation will achieve the results given below which enables it to be classified by the BuildingRegulations as being Class O and Low Risk by the Building Standards in Scotland.Fire Performance BS 476–6: 1989 Index of performance(I) not exceeding 12and sub index (i1) notexceeding 6Surface Spread of Flame BS 476–7: 1997 Class 134

Thermal Conductivity Design Values (Rigid Phenolic Insulation Core)Mean Temperature (°C) +10 0 –10 –20Thermal Conductivity (W/m . K) 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021General Physical Properties (Aluminium Foil Vapour Barrier Jacket)Composition Aluminium 12 micronsGlass Fibre Scrim12 mm x 12 mmGlass Fibre35 g glassPolyethylene 39 g/m 2Water Vapour Permeance0.0006 g/s . MNFire Test Classifications (Aluminium Foil Vapour Barrier Jacket)The aluminium foil vapour barrier jacket bonded to the Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation board will achieve the results given belowwhich enables it to be classified by the Building Regulations as being Class O and Low Risk by the Building Standards in Scotland.Fire Performance BS 476–6: 1989 Index of performance(I) not exceeding 12and sub index (i1) notexceeding 6Surface Spread of Flame BS 476–7: 1997 Class 135

Project SpecificationAppendix A2Fensell Flat Duct Supports(Rigid phenolic insulated rectangular duct support inserts)Refer to:Fensell FabricationsOak Lodge, Fiddington, Tewkesbury, Glocestershire GL20 7BQTel: +44 (0) 1684 273 091www.fensell.co.ukAppendix A3Kooltherm ® Pipe Insulation(Rigid phenolic insulation for small circular ductwork and therounded ends of flat oval ductwork with a diameter of up toand including 350 mm)Refer to:Kingspan Tarec Industrial Insulation LtdWren Nest Road, Glossop, Derbyshire SK13 8GFTel: +44 (0) 870 733 0021www.KingspanTarec.comAppendix A4Kooltherm ® Insulated Pipe Support Inserts(Rigid phenolic insulated circular duct support inserts for smallcircular ductwork and the rounded ends of flat oval ductworkwith a diameter of up to and including 350 mm)Refer to:Kingspan Tarec Industrial Insulation LtdWren Nest Road, Glossop, Derbyshire SK13 8GFTel: +44 (0) 870 733 0021www.KingspanTarec.comAppendix A5Fensell Flexible Duct Supports(Crocodile strips – rigid phenolic insulated circular duct supportinserts for large circular ductwork with a diameter of greaterthan 350 mm)Refer to:Fensell FabricationsOak Lodge, Fiddington, Tewkesbury, Glocestershire GL20 7BQTel: +44 (0) 1684 273 091www.fensell.co.ukAppendix A6Fosters 95–44Moisture resistant sealantRefer to:Temati (UK) LtdLowmoor Road, Kirkby in Ashfield, Nottingham NG17 7BETel: +44 (0) 1623 636 169www.fostereurope.comAppendix A7Idenden ET–10Protective coatingRefer to:Bostik LtdCommon Road, Stafford, Staffs ST16 3EHTel: +44 (0) 1785 272 727www.evode.co.ukAppendix A8Idenden ET–150CoatingRefer to:Bostik LtdCommon Road, Stafford, Staffs ST16 3EHTel: +44 (0) 1785 272 727www.evode.co.ukAppendix A9No.10 Glass ClothOpen weave glass fibre reinforcing membrane for mastics,coatings and vapour sealantsRefer to:Local Insulation DistributorAppendix A10Idenden 30–150Vapour barrier coatingRefer to:Bostik LtdCommon Road, Stafford, Staffs ST16 3EHTel: +44 (0) 1785 272 727www.evode.co.ukAppendix A11Fosters 60–75Solvent based weatherproof masticRefer to:Temati (UK) LtdLowmoor Road, Kirkby in Ashfield, Nottingham NG17 7BETel: +44 (0) 1623 636 169www.fostereurope.comAppendix A12Howstik 230 NFGeneral purpose contact adhesiveRefer to:Anglo Adhesives and Services LtdThe Airfield, Dalby Road, Melton Mowbray,Leicestershire LE13 0BLTel: +44 (0) 1664 480 866www.anglo–adhesives.co.uk36

Appendix B – Insulation Thickness Tablesto the TIMSA Domestic andNon–Domestic Heating, Cooling andVentilation Guide (the TIMSA Guide)Estimated Mean Temperature of Insulation:+20°CAppendix C – Insulation Thickness Tablesto BS 5422: 2001Air Temperature (°C)Thickness (mm)Temperature Kingspan Mineral NitrileKooltherm ®difference Kooltherm ® Fibre RubberInside Duct Mineral Nitrilebetween air inside DuctDuct Ambient Insulation Fibre Rubberductwork and Insulation35 15 18 29 33ambient air (˚C)Estimated Mean Temperature of Insulation:+20°C10 20 34 38Assumed Thermal Conductivity (k–value) of Insulation:Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation (Low Emissivity Facing) 0.021 W/m . K25 27 44 50Mineral Fibre (Low Emissivity Facing)*0.035 W/m . KNitrile Rubber (Class O) 0.040 W/m. KTable B1: Thickness (mm) of Insulation for Warm Ducting ServiceAssumed Thermal Conductivity (k–value) of Insulation:Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation0.021 W/m. KAreas to Control Heat Loss (Based on TIMSA Guide Section 6.2.4)Mineral Fibre*0.035 W/m . KNitrile Rubber (Class O)0.040 W/m . KAir Temperature (°C)Thickness (mm)Kooltherm ®Inside Duct MineralDuct Ambient Insulation Fibre13 25 30 50Ambient Air Temperature – Indoor:+25°CRelative Humidity – Indoor: 80%Dewpoint Temperature:+21.3°CAssumed Thermal Conductivity (k–value) of Insulation:Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation0.021 W/m . KTable C1: Environmental Thickness (mm) of Insulation for DuctworkCarrying Warm Air to Control Heat Loss (Based on BS 5422: 2001Table 11)Minimum air Kingspan Mineraltemperature Kooltherm ® Fibreinside ductwork (˚C) Duct Insulation15 16 2510 28 45Mineral Fibre* 0.035 W/m. KTable C2: Thickness (mm) of Insulation for Condensation ControlTable B2: Thickness (mm) of Insulation for Chilled and Dual PurposeDucting Service Areas to Control Heat Gain (Based on TIMSA GuideSection 6.2.5)* At the average temperature of the insulation material, some mineral fibre duct insulationproducts may have a thermal conductivity lower than 0.035 W/m . K. For accurate thicknessesof those products please refer to a mineral fibre manufacturer. This table takes 0.035 W/m . Kas a "safe" value.Ambient Air Temperature – Indoor:+25°CRelative Humidity – Indoor: 80%Dewpoint Temperature:+21.3°CAssumed Thermal Conductivity (k–value) of Insulation:Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation0.021 W/m . KMineral Fibre*0.035 W/m. KDuctwork Carrying Chilled Air in Ambient Conditions (Based onBS 5422: 2001 Table 10)37

Project SpecificationAppendix D – Installation / Finishing DetailsD1Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation and Rigid PhenolicInsulated Rectangular Duct Support Inserts Applied toRectangular DuctingD2D3Slotted Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation andCrocodile Strips (Rigid Phenolic Insulated Circular DuctSupport Inserts) Applied to Circular Ducting (Min.Diameter 350 mm)Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation and Rigid PhenolicPipe Insulation Applied to Flat Oval Ducting38

Kingspan Kooltherm ®Duct InsulationJoints sealed with 100 mmwide self–adhesivealuminium foil tapeRigid phenolic insulated ductsupport insertFigure D1: Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation and Rigid Phenolic Insulated Rectangular Duct Support Inserts Applied to Rectangular DuctingCrocodile strip(rigid phenolic insulatedcircular duct support insert)Joints sealed with 100 mmwide self–adhesivealuminium foil tapeNB: On ducting 350 mm diameter and below use Rigid Phenolic Pipe Insulation andRigid Phenolic Insulated Pipe Support InsertsFigure D2: Slotted Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation and Crocodile Strips (Rigid Phenolic Insulated Circular Duct Support Inserts) Applied toCircular Ducting (Min. Diameter 350 mm)Kingspan Kooltherm ®Duct InsulationJoints sealed with 100 mmwide self–adhesivealuminium foil tapeRigid phenolicpipe insulationFigure D3: Kingspan Kooltherm ® Duct Insulation and Rigid Phenolic Pipe Insulation Applied to Flat Oval Ducting39

Contact DetailsCustomer ServiceFor quotations, order placement and details of despatches pleasecontact the Kingspan Insulation Customer Service Department onthe numbers below:UK – Tel: +44 (0) 870 850 8555– Fax: +44 (0) 1544 387 271– email: commercial.uk@insulation.kingspan.comIreland – Tel: +353 (0) 42 97 54200– Fax: +353 (0) 42 97 54299– email: commercial.ie@insulation.kingspan.comTechnical Advice/DesignKingspan Insulation supports all of its products with acomprehensive Technical Advisory Service for specifiers, stockistsand contractors.This includes a free computer–aided service designed to give fast,accurate technical advice. Simply phone the Kingspan InsulationTechnical Service Department with your project specification.Calculations can be carried out to provide U-values, condensation/ dew point risk, required insulation thicknesses etc… Thereafterany number of permutations can be provided to help you achieveyour desired targets.The Kingspan Insulation Technical Service Department can alsogive general application advice and advice on design detailing andfixing etc... Site surveys are also undertaken as appropriate.Please contact the Kingspan Insulation Ducting Technical ServiceDepartment on the numbers below:UK & Ireland– Tel: +44 (0) 870 850 8333– Fax: +44 (0) 1544 387 278– email: techline.uk@insulation.kingspan.comLiterature & SamplesKingspan Insulation produces a comprehensive range of technicalliterature for specifiers, contractors, stockists and end users.The literature contains clear ‘user friendly’ advice on typicaldesign; design considerations; thermal properties; siteworkand product data.Available as a complete Design Manual or as individual productbrochures, Kingspan Insulation technical literature is an essentialspecification tool. For copies please contact the KingspanInsulation Marketing Department on the numbers below:UK – Tel: +44 (0) 870 733 8333– Fax: +44 (0) 1544 387 299– email: literature.uk@insulation.kingspan.comIreland – Tel: +353 (0) 42 97 54298– Fax: +353 (0) 42 97 54299– email: literature.ie@insulation.kingspan.comGeneral EnquiriesFor all other enquiries contact Kingspan Insulation on thenumbers below:UK – Tel: +44 (0) 870 850 8555– Fax: +44 (0) 870 850 8666– email: info.uk@insulation.kingspan.comIreland – Tel: +353 (0) 42 97 54200– Fax: +353 (0) 42 97 54299– email: info.ie@insulation.kingspan.comKingspan Insulation Ltd. reserves the right to amend product specifications without priornotice. Product thicknesses shown in this document should not be taken as being available exstockand reference should be made to the current Kingspan Insulation price-list or advicesought from Kingspan Insulation’s Customer Service Department (see above left). Theinformation, technical details and fixing instructions etc. included in this literature are given ingood faith and apply to uses described. Recommendations for use should be verified as to thesuitability and compliance with actual requirements, specifications and any applicable laws andregulations. For other applications or conditions of use, Kingspan Insulation offers a TechnicalAdvisory Service (see left) the advice of which should be sought for uses of Kingspan Insulationproducts that are not specifically described herein. Please check that your copy of the literatureis current by contacting the Kingspan Insulation Marketing Department (see above).Kingspan Insulation LtdPembridge, Leominster, Herefordshire HR6 9LA, UKCastleblayney, County Monaghan, Irelandwww.insulation.kingspan.com® Kingspan, Kooltherm, the zo Device and the Lion Device are Registered Trademarks of the Kingspan Group plcKingspan Insulation Ltd. Registered in England & Wales, No. 01882722. Registered Office: Pembridge, Leominster, Herefordshire HR6 9LA UK.® SPeAR is a Registered Trademark of ArupThis brochure is printed on paper made from 80% recycled post-consumer fibre and 20% virgin pulp sourced from responsibly managed and sustainable forests.