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Index 547Malament, Barbara 519Malestroit, M. de 106, 206Malthus, Daniel 483, 485Malthus, Reverend Thomas Robert 1979,352,353,403and assault on population 481-92Essay on the Principle ofPopulation485,486,487,488,489,490and population 533-4see also MalthusianMalthusian 197, 458-9Malynes, Gerard de 286-7, 288, 289,290,519Mandeville, Bernard de 422,430,441,527,528Fable ofthe Bees, or Private Vices,Public Benefits 421, 422Letter to Dion 421Manetti, Giannozzo 184Manley, Thomas 340Mantua, Duke of 188marginal utility 61, 380Marian exiles 167, 168Marillac, Rene de 261market self-regulation 359-60Marmontel, Jean Fran~ois 412Marshall, Alfred 16,3] 1,402,413,437,438Marsiglio of Padua 71, 72, 180Martin, Sir Richard 283, 519Martineau, Dame Magdelaine-Fran~oise385Marx, Karl 5, 52, 329, 435, 442, 453,455,456,472labour theory of value 57see also Marxian; Marxism; MarxistMarxian 160, 528, 531see also protoMarxism 312, 339,453,501Marxist 18, 149,283,317,435,448,518,525Mary, Queen 167, 171, 199,280,282,320mathematical economics 379-81, 525Mathias, Peter 518Matthew of Cracow 78Matthys, Jan (Matthyszoon) 151, 152,153, 154, 155Matthyszoon see Matthys, JanMazarin, Cardinallules 244-5, 247,248,249,257,518Mechelen, van family 286medieval thought 509-11see also Christian Middle AgesMeek, Ronald L. 526Melchiorites/Melchiorism 151see also Hoffman, MelchiorMemoires pour servir al'histoire(anonymous) 259Menger, Carl 74, 167, 175,392,406Mennonites 146mercantilism 213-31, 516-18as economic aspect of absolutism213-14in England 214, 216, 219, 220, 227-8,229,230,231,519-20,522-3from Ci vil War to 1750 309-42Child, Sir Josiah 311-23Davenant, Charles 309-12deductions from axioms 323-7hard money response 332-5inflationists 327-32King, Lord Gregory 309-12laissez-faire 335-8law of demand 309-12Levellers 312-17Iiberty and property 312-1 7Locke, John 312-17,317-23 'North brothers 323-7Pettyites 309-12rate of interest and coinage 317-23Tory laissez-faire 323-7Townshend, Charles 335-8Tucker, Dean Josiah 335-8from Tudors to Civil War 277-305absolutism 277-80Bacon, Sir Francis 292-6bullionist attack on foreignexchange and East Indiatrade 284-8Coke, Sir Edward 283-4East India apologists 288-92Petty, Sir William 296-304Smith, Sir Thomas 280-83textiles and monopolies 221-6enserfdom in eastern Europe 226-7in France 216-20, 221, 222, 223, 224,230,231,235-51,255-74,518absolutism 249-51Belesbat, Seigneur de 267-9
548 Economic thought before Adam SmithBoisgui Ibert, Pierre Ie Pesant 269-73Burgundy circle 263-7cardinal rule (1624-61) 243-5Colbert and Colbertism 216-20,246-9collectivism opposition 259-62croquants' rebellion 255-7Fenelon of Cambrai 263-7Fleury, Abbe Claude 263-7the fronde 257Ioly, Claude 257Laffemas, Barthelemy de 236-9laissez-faire 267-9, 269-73Louis XIV (the Sun King) 246-9,249-51merchants and council of commerce262Montchretien, Antoine de 240-41Noyer, Fran90is du 241-3ruling elite 235-6single tax 257-9Sully, Maximilien de Bethune Baronde Rosny, Duc de 239-40Vauban, Marshal 262-3and inflation 227-30in Spain 214-16Merchant Adventurers 223-4, 283, 285,286,288,289,290,304Merchant Staple 221, 285merchantsand collectivism opposition 259-62and council of commerce 262early attitudes towards 32-6Mercier de la Riviere, Pierre Fran90is366,370,371Mersenne, Father Marin 297Mesopotamia 18, 43Mettayer. F. 256Meules, Monsieur 227Michels, Robert 205Middle Agesto Renaissance 67-95absolutism 71-2Buridan de Bethune. Jean 72-7great depression of fourteenthcentury 67-71Langenstein. Heinrich von 77-9natural rights. active 93-4nominalism 71-2, 93-4Oresme, Nicole 72-7San Bernardino of Siena 81-5Sant' Antonino of Florence 85-8Swabian liberals 88-93Thomism break-up 71-2usury and foreign exchange 79-81usury prohibition 88-93utility and money 72-7see also ChristianMiddle East 261,289,323Mill, James 324, 403, 437, 442, 457,478,480,500Mill, John S. 402Millar, John 498Milles, Thomas 285-6, 5] 9Millward, Robert 517Mirabeau, Victor Riqueti, Marquis de365-6,375,378,379The Friend ofMan 365, 482Theory ofTaxes 366Mirror for Magistrates 278Mises, Ludwig von 18, 75, ]22, 324,348,352,397,401,406,515Theory ofMoney and Credit 74Miskimin, Professor Harry A. 222, 226,230,231,5]0,51],512,516,517Misselden, Edward 288, 289, 290, 519Mississippi bubble 331, 332, 341,346Mitchell, Neil 1. 522Molina, Luis de 112-]3, ] ]4, 115, 116,117,121, 122, 123, 125, 131, 133,511Molinaeus, Carolus see Du Moulin,Charlesmonarchists 184-8monarchomachs see Catholicism;Huguenotsmonetarytheory 100, 112, 329, 358see also international; moneymoney and credit theory 74money and process analysis 354-8money theory 73, 105.40]-2,460-63see also quantity theorymonopolies 221-6Monroe, Arthur Eli 357, 362, 5] 4, 524Montaigne fallacy 236, 246Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de 201-3,204.210.290.325,411,515Essay Number 22 203
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Economic ThoughtBefore Adam SmithMu
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Economic ThoughtBefore Adam SmithAn
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ContentsIntroductionviiAcknowledgem
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viiiEconomic thought before Adam Sm
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xEconomic thought before Adam Smith
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xiiEconomic thought before Adam Smi
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xviEconomic thought before Adam Smi
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The first philosopher-economists: t
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10 Economic thought before Adam Smi
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The Christian Middle Ages 312.1 The
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The Christian Middle Ages 33have li
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The Christian Middle Ages 35A less
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The Christian Middle Ages 37highly
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The Christian Middle Ages 39Vatican
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The Christian Middle Ages 41wanton
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The Christian Middle Ages 43means a
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The Christian Middle Ages 45renting
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The Christian Middle Ages 47obliged
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The Christian Middle Ages 49More sp
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The Christian Middle Ages 51merchan
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The Christian Middle Ages 53the com
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The Christian Middle Ages 55for fal
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The Christian Middle Ages 57view in
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The Christian Middle Ages 592.8 Lat
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The Christian Middle Ages 61importa
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The Christian Middle Ages 63men, an
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3 From Middle Ages to Renaissance3.
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4 The late Spanish scholastics4.14.
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5 Protestants and Catholics5.1 Luth
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6 Absolutist thought in Italy and F
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Mercantilism: serving the absolute
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French mercantilist thought in the
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The liberal reaction against mercan
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10 Mercantilism and freedom in Engl
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The founding father ofmodern econom
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13 Physiocracy in mid-eighteenth ce
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The brilliance ofTurgot 38514.1 The
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The brilliance ofTurgot 387the-spot
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The brilliance ofTurgot 389Iron' (1
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The brilliance ofTurgot 391Ifthe sa
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The brilliance ofTurgot 393Finally,
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The brilliance ofTurgot 395Increasi
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The brilliance ofTurgot 397excellen
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The brilliance ofTurgot 399It is tr
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The brilliance ofTurgot 401Indeed,
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The brilliance ofTurgot 403duced bu
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The brilliance ofTurgot 405and to s
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The brilliance ofTurgot 407Galiani
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The brilliance ofTurgot 4091780, Ga
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The brilliance ofTurgot 411such pro
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The brilliance ofTurgot 4137. Turgo
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The Scottish Enlightenment 417The t
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The Scottish Enlightenment 419prove
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The Scottish Enlightenment 421Liber
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The Scottish Enlightenment 423An un
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The Scottish Enlightenment 425philo
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The Scottish Enlightenment 427aggre
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The Scottish Enlightenment 429cally
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The Scottish Enlightenment 431deali
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The celebrated Adam Smith 43516.1 T
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The celebrated Adam Smith 437the cr
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The celebrated Adam Smith 439landow
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The celebrated Adam Smith 4411764 a
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The celebrated Adam Smith 443In 176
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The celebrated Adam Smith 445to val
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The celebrated Adam Smith 447procee
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The celebrated Adam Smith 449the un
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The celebrated Adam Smith 451mal pr
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The celebrated Adam Smith 453view,
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The celebrated Adam Smith 455If, in
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The celebrated Adam Smith 457others
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The celebrated Adam Smith 459the po
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The celebrated Adam Smith 461propor
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The celebrated Adam Smith 463tional
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The celebrated Adam Smith 465Smith
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The celebrated Adam Smith 467ing li
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The celebrated Adam Smith 469shows
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The celebrated Adam Smith 471the we
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The celebrated Adam Smith 473cal ec
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17 The spread of the Smithian movem
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Page 522: Bibliographical essayOverall biblio
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