Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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Experience Includes: Assistant Director, Refuges and Wildlife, FWS nationalheadquarters: Deputy Assistant Regional Director, Refuges and Wildlife, FWSRocky Mountain region: refuge supervisor for operations, FWS Alaska region.Education: B.S. and M.S. in wildlife management from Kansas State University.Jonathan Bart - Chatniian.Current position: Assistant Leader of the Ohio Cooperative Fish and WildlifeResearch Unit: Associate professor in the Department of Zoology at Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, Ohio.Experience includes: teaching graduate seminars and courses in wildlifebiology, biometry and behavioral ecology; publications in the areas of surveydesign and evaluation, survival analysis, quantitative analysis, and behavioralecology.Education: B.S. in biology from Syracuse University, M.S. in ecology fromCornell University, Ph.D. in wildlife biology from Cornell University.Robert G. AnthonyCurrent position: Assistant Unit Leader and Professor of Wildlife Ecology,Oregon Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, Corvallis,Oregon.Experience includes: Teaching mammalogy, wildlife natural history, andwildlife biometrics; researching, and directing graduate students in research inthe areas of wildlife ecology, dynamics of wildlife populations, and applicationof quantitative procedures to ecological concepts; Assistant and AssociateProfessor of Wildlife Ecology, Pennsylvania State University: 15 publicationswithin the last 5 years.Education: B.S. in biology from Fort Hays Kansas State College: M.S. inWildlife Biology from Washington State University; Ph.D. in zoology fromUniversity of Arizona.Melvin BergCurrent position: Chief, Division of Forestry, U.S. Bureau of Land Management,Washington, D.C.Experience includes: BLM district manager, Roseburg, Oregon: BLM associatedistrict manager; area manager, natural resource specialist, realty specialist,access specialist, and forester.Education: B.S. in forest management from Iowa State University.John H. BeuterCurrent position: Deputy Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resourcesand Environment, Washington, D.C.Experience includes: Consulting Forester with Mason, Bruce and Girard, Inc.,Portland, Oregon; professor and department head of Forest Management atOregon State University; director of Oregon State University research forests.Education: B.S. in forestry, M.S. in forest economics from Michigan StateUniversity, Ph.D. in forestry and economics from Iowa State University.Wayne ElmoreCurrent position: U.S. Bureau of Land Management State Riparian Specialistfor Oregon and Washington, Prineville, Oregon.Experience includes: BLM resource area forester, and BLM district wildlifebiologist in Spokane, Washington: BLM district wildlife and fisheries biologistin Prineville, Oregon; approximately 20 publications on riparian ecosystemfunction and management.Education: B.S. in forest management from Oklahoma State University, postgraduatestudies in fisheries and wildlife management.John FayCurrent position: General Biologist, Division of Endangered Species, U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service, Washington D.C.Experience includes: Botanist, Division of Endangered Species, FWS; Assistant628
Chief, Branch of Biological Support, Office of Endangered Species, FWS;Associate Editor, Flora North America; Botanist, Pacific Tropical BotanicalGarden; former FWS.representative on Species Survival Commission, I.U.C.N.:numerous scientific and Federal Register publications.Education: B.S. in biology from Fordham College; Ph.D. in biology from CityUniversity of New York.R. J. GutifrrezCurrent position: Professor, Department of Wildlife, Humboldt State University,Arcata, California. Current major studies ongoing in habitat, dispersal, genetics,and population dynamics of the spotted owl.Experience includes: Chairman of Wildlife, Humboldt State University; assistantprofessor in the Department of Natural Resources at Cornell University;more than 70 wildlife consulting projects for universities, associations, andcorporations; more than 30 peer-reviewed publications on avian ecology.Education: B.S. in wildlife biology from Colorado State University: M.S. inbiology from University of New Mexico; Ph.D. in zoology from University ofCalifornia, Berkeley.H. Theodore Heintz, Jr.Current position: Assistant Director for Economic Analysis, Office of PolicyAnalysis, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.Experience includes: Staff Director of the President's Task Force on OuterContinental Shelf Leasing and Development; Research Director, Commission ofFair Market Value Policy for Federal Coal Leasing; Director of Economics andSystems Analysis, Earth Satellite Corporation, Washington, D.C.Education: B.E.E. in electrical engineering from Cornell University; M.P.A. inpublic affairs from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and InternationalAffairs at Princeton University.Richard S. HolthausenCurrent position: National Wildlife Ecologist, U.S. Forest Service, Logan, Utah.Experience includes: Regional Wildlife Ecologist, U.S. Forest Service PacificNorthwest Region; Assistant Wildlife Ecologist, National Fish and WildlifeEcology Unit, F.S.; forest planner, Bighorn National Forest; forest planningbiologist and range conservationist, Bighorn National Forest; range scientist,Peter Kiewit Sons Mining, Sheridan, Wyoming; various teaching and coursedesign work in forest management, wildlife and fish ecology.Education: B.S. in ecology and mathematics from Cornell University; M.S. inecology from Utah State University.Kenneth LathropCurrent position: Supervisory Forester, Forest Products and Sale Administration,U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Portland, Oregon.Experience includes: Assistant Forester - Timber Sales, Portland Area Bureauof Indian Affairs; District Ranger and Timber Sale Officer, White Swan RangerStation, Yakima Indian Reservation.Education: B.S. in forestry from Michigan Technological University; postgraduate work in forestry, wildlife, Indian culture, and public administration atOregon State University, Washington State University, University of Washington,Central Washington College, and Lewis and Clark College.Kent MaysCurrent position: Program Manager for Spotted Owl Research, Developmentand Application program involving 24 national forests and two forest and rangeexperiment stations, Portland, Oregon.Experience includes: 34 years with the U.S. Forest Service in various line andstaff positions, including District Ranger and Forest Supervisor, on sevennational forests in four states; worked in various positions in the U.S. ForestService National Headquarters in Washington D.C. in recreation, planning, andlegislative affairs; and the President's Commission on American Outdoors.629
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I 1.2:Sp 6/draftRecovery Plan for t
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List of FiguresTable 4.1 Abbreviate
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Recovery ObjectiveSecretary of the
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Management Rules for Designated Con
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Monitoring and Research ProgramThe
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Chapter IIntroduction1
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"Threatened species" means a specie
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B. The Interagency Scientific Commi
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lished works and many government do
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II.A. Natural History of theNorther
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I- \IzXelT - - -.11 I..., ... I.."
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spring. Territories probably are sm
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Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentil
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also use a variety of nest sites in
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Home Range SizeHome range is define
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Table 2.2. Median amounts of old-gr
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3. Life Historycannot reject the hy
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Dispersal1984, Thomas et al. 1990,
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4. ConclusionOur knowledge of the n
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Ca n a d aEastern Washington Cascad
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Table 2.3. Estimated spotted owl ha
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Table 2.4. Significant threats to t
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Table 2.5. Results of surveys for s
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isolated. In these provinces, small
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centers for 30 to 35 spotted owl te
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Southwest Washington occupies a key
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Distribution of Habitat and Populat
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Province Isolation. The eastern Was
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were in suitable habitat condition.
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Estimated acres of forest landbase:
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owned and contain little suitable h
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Vulnerability to Natural Disturbanc
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Douglas-fir/hardwood types, the lat
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miles from the contiguous populatio
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In comparison, the southern part of
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Sacramento River Canyon now provide
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On January 11, 1980, there was an a
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vation Strategy for the Northern Sp
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transfer of one area to the Grand R
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The BLM Spokane (Washington) Distri
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3. National Park ServiceThe followi
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The results of a consultation are s
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- Since landowners already face cut
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4. Cumulative Effects AssessmentThe
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Assessment, Planning, and Monitorin
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Spotted owl nesting sites and activ
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Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhance
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including wildlife. In other cases,
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Currently, the Yakima Indian Nation
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where timber harvest is limited to
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III.A. Recovery Objective and Delis
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4. The population is unlikely to ne
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Needs of other species should be co
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years. The strategy of managing for
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't0
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Finally, the plan recommends mainta
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A total of 1,181 pairs of owls has
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DKnown owlsin the OregonprovincesKn
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mologists, and representatives of o
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this prey species is an appropriate
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After 100 years residual snags will
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2. Fuelwood Gathering. If allowed,
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The application of prescriptions A,
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owls. (Refer to tables in section I
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PRESCRIPTION D -RETAIN OWLS IN MANA
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126
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DCA Management Plans.The recovery p
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Endangered Species Act) or through
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6. Costs to landowners should be re
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The real or perceived disincentives
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authority of the public body to ent
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* Use the recovery plan's recommend
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140
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Supplemental pair areas - Habitat d
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Numbers of owls currently are estim
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Biological goals and implementation
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ning. Also, several unsurveyed area
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Owl pairsKnown owlsin the province3
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- Initiate long-range planning effo
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Table 3.8. Summary comments on the
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from nonfederal lands are needed to
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Eastern Washington Cascades Provinc
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(Owl pairs140 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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habitat in DCA WD- 16. Approximatel
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Table 3.12. Summary comments on the
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Ttllwrnook/Astoria area. Provide su
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connectivity between key DCAs. This
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ITable 3.14. Summary comments on th
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crest of the Cascade Mountains. The
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sites on federal lands (figure 3.21
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Owl pairsL I 350- _ _ . ...........
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DCAs, often combined with adjacent
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Owl pairsLiKnown owlsin the provinc
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nesting and roosting habitat until
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Option 3: Management of clusters: g
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Table 3.21. Summary of acreage and
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Owl pairs -Known owlsin the provinc
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and to within 0.5 miles of the acti
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Spotted owls have been found at 86
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their distance from other sites. Ar
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* Recommend population and habitat
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away in some or all of the range. D
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4. What are the population dynamics
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If the monitoring and research prog
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lowlands, eastern Oregon Cascades,
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210
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Stepdown Outline1. Management Tasks
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Table 4.1 Abbreviated Cost TableThe
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continued-TaskPriorityResp. PartyCo
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218
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220
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and the number of invertebrate anim
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Table 5.2. Numbers of other species
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Amphibians and Reptiles: Larch Moun
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228
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230
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Barrows, C. W. 1980. Feeding ecolog
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Clark, R. J., D. G. Smith, and L. H
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Franklin, A. B., J. A. Blakesley, a
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Harestad, A. S., and F. L. Bunnell.
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Lundquist, R. W. and J. M. Mariani.
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O'Halloran, K. 1989. Spotted owl in
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Solis, D. M. 1980. Habitat use by n
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Young, K. D., A. B. Franklin, and J
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248
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250
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Table A.1. General approaches for e
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complete count of the territorial b
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Table A.3. Powera for various desig
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Table A.4. Illustration of a Markov
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Obviously, these statements hold on
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Table A.6. Reliability of trend est
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Demographic AnalysisAs noted earlie
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the estimate (using the simple equa
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however, we know little about the b
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Table A.8. Summary of information n
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predict the power achieved by diffe
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Other studiestached. If dispersing
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impractical at present. We describe
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Conclusionsthe year effect can be i
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280
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282
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284
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owls. Consequently, the issue of wh
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Use of the informationAssessments a
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Recent LiteratureWe might begin by
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Kerms (1989) measured habitat struc
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Hamer (pers. comm.) described 11 ne
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Table B.3. Percent hardwoods in the
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Table B.5. Comparison of habitats u
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Table B.8. Tree density (number of
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and numbers of trees, and percent o
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Under this hypothesis, owl fitness
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suitable habitat for that region (m
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ResultsDiscussionspotted owl habita
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__Discussiondata from 41 sites in t
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Recommendations for Future Research
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314
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Hamer, T. 1988. Home range size of
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318
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320
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Parameter Estimatesfor Individual S
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provided in Table C. 5. Study of th
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Table C.6. Summary of statistics re
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3. ConclusionsThis source of bias i
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330
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Gray Wolf .........................
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formed during the initial meeting t
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provide habitat for the numerous sp
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The ApproachA committee of the Reco
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The List of Threatened and Endanger
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Mammalsoldest trees in a stand. Eig
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ABBFigure D. 1. Distribution of: a)
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KTable D.3. A list of threatened an
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Fishestheir dispersal capabilities
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OlympicNorthcoastalRockyMountainSou
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continued-StatusabState Considered
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continued-SpeciesColumbia sidebandM
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endemic to the Pacific Northwest).
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------continued-SpeciesRhyacophila
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continued-SpeciesFed3tatusa bStateW
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StatusasbOld ForestState Associatio
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Summaryspores (Maser et al. 1978b).
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Biology of Owl Prey, Older Forest A
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Woodrats.-The dusky-footed woodrat
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and are less restrictive under stat
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Stock concept.-The term "stock" was
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Table D.10. List of fish stocks of
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continued-Steelhead-owipu Sea-runTr
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continued-BasinHoodWillametteRogueS
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Table D.13. Washington streams (or
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inland distribution currently decre
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nesting territories in the three st
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However, little is known about the
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Fisher (Martes penncmti)Distributio
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at one time supported marten popula
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each population of these animals is
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species also is found under the bar
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few meters from water after heavy r
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In considering the needs of other s
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Barrows, C. W. 1981. Roost selectio
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Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Dougl
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Hamer, T. E. 1991. Habitat relation
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Mannan, R. W., E. C. Meslow, and H.
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Oakley, A. L., Collins, J. A., Ever
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Solis, D. M. 1983. Summer habitat e
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Washington Natural Heritage Program
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414
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f. Wilderness.g. Livestock grazing.
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I. Monitoring.1. Northern spotted o
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420
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here will reduce some of that habit
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424
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426
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Selection of Forest TypesAt the tim
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eceive as little as 25 inches. Disc
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A. FireThe combination and interact
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Table F.4. Important forest insects
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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D. DiseasesForest diseases in the P
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III. Forest Protection in theWest C
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120 100200 500I~~~~.K446Figure F.4.
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InsectsDiseasesInsects in this subr
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__hardwoods are immune. Shade toler
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pests (Schowalter 1988). Black stai
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tion and initial attack. If manipul
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log and snag density was likely low
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B. Management Effects on StandsMana
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units (underburning or lop/scatter)
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In the higher elevation White Fir a
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growth often increases (Reinhardt a
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50rcc4*0-cC)2M CmZ13010-yearI ,...*
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In the East Cascades subregion fore
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The introduced disease, white pine
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VI. Conclusionsmortality will resul
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Baker, F.A. 1988. The influence of
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Habeck, J.R. 1990. Old-growth ponde
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Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 199
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Weatherspoon, C.P., and C.N. Skinne
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482
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484
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area, structure, ages, location; ne
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Stand AFigure G.2. A--unthmnned Dou
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figure 0.3. Effects of thinning Dou
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II. Review of Natural Vegetation an
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western hemlock, and sometimes othe
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year intervals (Appendix F). With t
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Live crown ratiobecent)6050IStand A
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Basal area growth continued to incr
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technology probably will allow some
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Stand A. No activities (west side 3
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Stand A. No activities (west side o
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acre, 4 to 12 inches in diameter),
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allow redwood sprout clumps maximum
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KAge 15 years - 511 trees per acre,
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6Stems per acre100 _ Stand A. Natur
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Basal Area(square feetper acre)50 1
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* Opening the canopy in small patch
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Drew, T.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 197
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Miller, R.E.; D.L. Reukema, and R.L
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Tappeiner, J.C., P.M. McDonald, and
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526
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528
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6. Timber supply curve and economic
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scientifically credible biological
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E. Summary of Preliminary Estimates
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II. General Economic Principles for
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practices may be able to show how s
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Economic patterns show the efficien
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The sustainable yield concept that
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A. Previously Estimated Economic Co
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County receipts were estimated to d
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B. Potential Social Costs of Owl Co
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The contrast between the behavior d
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0U1 n1nDTable H.2. Economic depende
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cḻlTable H.4. Economic characteri
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An analysis completed by the State
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V. Preliminary Evaluation of the Ec
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25-° 20/0M 15-a)CLU)0 10-0CL 5 -0)
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25 -- 20-0co/o 15--Da)a0a)10m~ C) 5
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forestlands. The costs of productio
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In Figure H.8, the equilibrium betw
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foregone and the way they will save
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The income created by the purchase
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Two concepts are useful for underst
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y an estimate of the price that wou
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Table H.10. Comparison of timber em
Page 594 and 595: of the second year. The same assump
Page 596 and 597: are generally much lower than for c
Page 598 and 599: 582
Page 600 and 601: studies at University of Washington
Page 602 and 603: 586
Page 604 and 605: Most significant late successionall
Page 606 and 607: to evaluate options. Information in
Page 608 and 609: Q0Table 1.1. Estimated acres and ow
Page 610 and 611: soTable 1.3. Estimated acres and ow
Page 612 and 613: 01CDarTable 1.5. Size class distrib
Page 614 and 615: Table 1.8. Frequency distribution o
Page 616 and 617: Literature CitedThomas, J.W., E.D.
Page 618 and 619: 602
Page 620 and 621: - The overlap of home ranges among
Page 622 and 623: Table J.2. Acreage and owl numbers
Page 624 and 625: continuedDCA Land AcreageIdent. Sta
Page 634 and 635: Table J.9. Acrea ?e and owl numbers
Page 638 and 639: continued-DCA LandIdent. StatusAcre
Page 640 and 641: -DCAIdent.LandStatusAcreageNRF Tota
Page 642 and 643: 626
Page 646 and 647: Education: B.S. in forestry from Or
Page 648 and 649: Team SupportCharles Bruce, Oregon D
Page 650 and 651: continued-1 5-24-91 Other SpeciesSu
Page 652 and 653: continued-9-16 thru9-20-919-19-91Sp
Page 654 and 655: Perry, D. 1991. The ecology of coar
Page 656 and 657: 2mandate the achievement of recover
Page 658 and 659: 642
Page 660 and 661: 644
Page 662 and 663: Aspect - the direction a slope face
Page 664 and 665: Congressionally classified and desi
Page 666 and 667: Empirical - derived from direct obs
Page 668 and 669: Hummocky - a landscape characterize
Page 670 and 671: Mixed conifer - as used in this doc
Page 672 and 673: Potential habitat - a stand of tree
Page 674 and 675: Sensitive species - those species t
Page 676 and 677: Take -Uunder the Endangered Species
Page 678: wild, scenic, or recreational by an
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Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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