Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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- The overlap of home ranges among adjacent pairs of owls,- A correction for expected long-term occupancy of sites based on theinfluence of local population size and proportion of suitable habitat in thelandscape.Two regressions were developed to relate the size of annual pair home rangesto the proportion of area in NRF habitat. One was based on data from Washingtonand the second was based on data from Oregon and California combined.The Washington regression was:home range (acres) = 18,364-(17,607 x proportion habitat)For California and Oregon, the regression was:home range (acres) = 8,688-(7,054 x proportion habitat)The proportion habitat term in these equations varies from zero to one.Calculated home ranges were reduced by 30 percent to account for overlap ofadjacent spotted owl pairs.The following procedure was used to calculate the estimated number of pairsthat could be supported in a DCA given current habitat conditions. These arethe figures reported as current projected pairs in the tables.1. GIS information was used to determine the total size of the DCA and thecurrent proportion of NRF habitat.2. The proportion of NRF habitat was used in the regression equations tocalculate home range size. The regression result was reduced by 30percent to account for home range overlap.3. The resulting home range size was divided into the total DCA size todetermine the number of potential pair sites in the DCA.4. The estimated pair sites were adjusted for the proportion that would likelyremain occupied over time using an updated table from Thomas et al.(1990). This table was updated by Voss and Noon (pers. comm.) andpredicts the number of sites that would remain occupied over time givenan initial number of locally interacting pairs and the proportion of thearea in NRF habitat. For the estimate of current projected pairs, it wasassumed that populations in DCAs were still part of a larger interactingpopulation, i.e., that there is still an owl population in the matrix thatinteracts with the population in the DCA. The occupancy correctionfactor for these projections reflected this assumption.The same basic procedure was used to estimate future projected pairs. Forthis calculation, it was assumed that 80 percent of the DCA would exist asNRF habitat at some future point in time. The assumption of 80 percentreflects (1) an assumption that not all area in any DCA is capable of supportingNRF habitat, and (2) an assumption that natural disturbances always wouldmaintain some portion of the forests in each DCA in younger age classes. Italso was assumed that the DCA would operate as a cluster at least partiallyisolated from other populations since other habitat surrounding the DCAwould be managed for dispersal rather than for breeding pairs of owls. Therefore,the correction factor used in the occupancy table was based on thenumber of pair sites calculated for the area (see step 3 in the previous discussion).Once the calculations were complete, the current projected and future projectednumbers were further refined by state agency biologists based on localknowledge of site conditions.604
Abbreviations and Definitions Used inTables J. 1. through J. 11.BLM = lands managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land ManagementNFS = lands in the national forests managed by the U.S. Forest ServiceNPS = lands in the national parks managed by the National Park ServiceOTHER FED = other federal lands; national wildlife refuges; Department ofDefense Military ReservationsNRF = nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for spotted owlsCurrent projected = an estimate of the number of pairs of owls that the DCAwould be expected to support if the population stabilized with current habitatconditions. This number may be either higher or lower than the currentknown, due to lack of survey information or recent loss of habitat in thevicinity, respectively. Current known numbers of owls may be artifically highdue to displacement from surrounding habitat which was harvested recently orbecause of its proximity to source populations.Future projected = an estimate of the number of pairs of owls that the DCAmight support in the future if DCAs were composed of 80 percent NRF habitat.This estimate includes nonfederal lands within the DCA boundaries. This doesnot suggest a commitment to provide habitat on those nonfederal lands. Seesection III.C.4. for discussion of management of these lands.Note that owl numbers with the tables are split only by federal and nonfederalownership. Specific numbers for each category of federal ownership are notshown.Table J.1. Acreage and owl numbers for designated conservation areas in the OlympicPeninsula province.Owl NumbersDCA Land Acreage Known Known Current FutureIdent. Status NRF Total Pairs Singles Projected ProjectedWD-36 NFS 219,360 439,390NPS 227,159 381,025TOTAL FED 446,519 820,415 84 14 124 193TOTAL - 847,086 86 14 124 193WD-45 NPS - 35,439TOTAL FED - 35,439 5 1 8 8TOTAL - 35,439 5 1 8 8PROVINCE TOTAL FED 855,854 89 15 132 201PROVINCE TOTAL - 882,525 91 15 132 201aThe difference between TOTAL FED and TOTAL is nonfederal lands within the perimeter of designated conservation areas. Management of these landsis discussed in the individual province narratives (section 111.). Values shown as '-' indicate an unknown number.605
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I 1.2:Sp 6/draftRecovery Plan for t
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List of FiguresTable 4.1 Abbreviate
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Recovery ObjectiveSecretary of the
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Management Rules for Designated Con
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Monitoring and Research ProgramThe
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Chapter IIntroduction1
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"Threatened species" means a specie
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B. The Interagency Scientific Commi
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lished works and many government do
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II.A. Natural History of theNorther
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I- \IzXelT - - -.11 I..., ... I.."
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spring. Territories probably are sm
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Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentil
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also use a variety of nest sites in
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Home Range SizeHome range is define
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Table 2.2. Median amounts of old-gr
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3. Life Historycannot reject the hy
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Dispersal1984, Thomas et al. 1990,
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4. ConclusionOur knowledge of the n
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Ca n a d aEastern Washington Cascad
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Table 2.3. Estimated spotted owl ha
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Table 2.4. Significant threats to t
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Table 2.5. Results of surveys for s
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isolated. In these provinces, small
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centers for 30 to 35 spotted owl te
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Southwest Washington occupies a key
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Distribution of Habitat and Populat
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Province Isolation. The eastern Was
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were in suitable habitat condition.
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Estimated acres of forest landbase:
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owned and contain little suitable h
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Vulnerability to Natural Disturbanc
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Douglas-fir/hardwood types, the lat
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miles from the contiguous populatio
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In comparison, the southern part of
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Sacramento River Canyon now provide
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On January 11, 1980, there was an a
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vation Strategy for the Northern Sp
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transfer of one area to the Grand R
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The BLM Spokane (Washington) Distri
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3. National Park ServiceThe followi
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The results of a consultation are s
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- Since landowners already face cut
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4. Cumulative Effects AssessmentThe
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Assessment, Planning, and Monitorin
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Spotted owl nesting sites and activ
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Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhance
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including wildlife. In other cases,
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Currently, the Yakima Indian Nation
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where timber harvest is limited to
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III.A. Recovery Objective and Delis
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4. The population is unlikely to ne
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Needs of other species should be co
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years. The strategy of managing for
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't0
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Finally, the plan recommends mainta
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A total of 1,181 pairs of owls has
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DKnown owlsin the OregonprovincesKn
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mologists, and representatives of o
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this prey species is an appropriate
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After 100 years residual snags will
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2. Fuelwood Gathering. If allowed,
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The application of prescriptions A,
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owls. (Refer to tables in section I
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PRESCRIPTION D -RETAIN OWLS IN MANA
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126
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DCA Management Plans.The recovery p
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Endangered Species Act) or through
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6. Costs to landowners should be re
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The real or perceived disincentives
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authority of the public body to ent
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* Use the recovery plan's recommend
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140
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Supplemental pair areas - Habitat d
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Numbers of owls currently are estim
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Biological goals and implementation
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ning. Also, several unsurveyed area
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Owl pairsKnown owlsin the province3
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- Initiate long-range planning effo
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Table 3.8. Summary comments on the
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from nonfederal lands are needed to
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Eastern Washington Cascades Provinc
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(Owl pairs140 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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habitat in DCA WD- 16. Approximatel
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Table 3.12. Summary comments on the
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Ttllwrnook/Astoria area. Provide su
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connectivity between key DCAs. This
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ITable 3.14. Summary comments on th
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crest of the Cascade Mountains. The
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sites on federal lands (figure 3.21
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Owl pairsL I 350- _ _ . ...........
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DCAs, often combined with adjacent
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Owl pairsLiKnown owlsin the provinc
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nesting and roosting habitat until
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Option 3: Management of clusters: g
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Table 3.21. Summary of acreage and
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Owl pairs -Known owlsin the provinc
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and to within 0.5 miles of the acti
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Spotted owls have been found at 86
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their distance from other sites. Ar
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* Recommend population and habitat
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away in some or all of the range. D
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4. What are the population dynamics
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If the monitoring and research prog
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lowlands, eastern Oregon Cascades,
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210
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Stepdown Outline1. Management Tasks
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Table 4.1 Abbreviated Cost TableThe
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continued-TaskPriorityResp. PartyCo
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218
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220
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and the number of invertebrate anim
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Table 5.2. Numbers of other species
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Amphibians and Reptiles: Larch Moun
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228
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230
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Barrows, C. W. 1980. Feeding ecolog
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Clark, R. J., D. G. Smith, and L. H
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Franklin, A. B., J. A. Blakesley, a
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Harestad, A. S., and F. L. Bunnell.
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Lundquist, R. W. and J. M. Mariani.
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O'Halloran, K. 1989. Spotted owl in
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Solis, D. M. 1980. Habitat use by n
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Young, K. D., A. B. Franklin, and J
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248
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250
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Table A.1. General approaches for e
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complete count of the territorial b
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Table A.3. Powera for various desig
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Table A.4. Illustration of a Markov
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Obviously, these statements hold on
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Table A.6. Reliability of trend est
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Demographic AnalysisAs noted earlie
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the estimate (using the simple equa
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however, we know little about the b
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Table A.8. Summary of information n
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predict the power achieved by diffe
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Other studiestached. If dispersing
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impractical at present. We describe
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Conclusionsthe year effect can be i
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280
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282
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284
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owls. Consequently, the issue of wh
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Use of the informationAssessments a
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Recent LiteratureWe might begin by
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Kerms (1989) measured habitat struc
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Hamer (pers. comm.) described 11 ne
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Table B.3. Percent hardwoods in the
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Table B.5. Comparison of habitats u
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Table B.8. Tree density (number of
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and numbers of trees, and percent o
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Under this hypothesis, owl fitness
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suitable habitat for that region (m
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ResultsDiscussionspotted owl habita
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__Discussiondata from 41 sites in t
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Recommendations for Future Research
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314
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Hamer, T. 1988. Home range size of
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318
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320
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Parameter Estimatesfor Individual S
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provided in Table C. 5. Study of th
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Table C.6. Summary of statistics re
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3. ConclusionsThis source of bias i
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330
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Gray Wolf .........................
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formed during the initial meeting t
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provide habitat for the numerous sp
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The ApproachA committee of the Reco
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The List of Threatened and Endanger
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Mammalsoldest trees in a stand. Eig
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ABBFigure D. 1. Distribution of: a)
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KTable D.3. A list of threatened an
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Fishestheir dispersal capabilities
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OlympicNorthcoastalRockyMountainSou
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continued-StatusabState Considered
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continued-SpeciesColumbia sidebandM
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endemic to the Pacific Northwest).
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------continued-SpeciesRhyacophila
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continued-SpeciesFed3tatusa bStateW
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StatusasbOld ForestState Associatio
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Summaryspores (Maser et al. 1978b).
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Biology of Owl Prey, Older Forest A
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Woodrats.-The dusky-footed woodrat
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and are less restrictive under stat
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Stock concept.-The term "stock" was
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Table D.10. List of fish stocks of
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continued-Steelhead-owipu Sea-runTr
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continued-BasinHoodWillametteRogueS
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Table D.13. Washington streams (or
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inland distribution currently decre
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nesting territories in the three st
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However, little is known about the
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Fisher (Martes penncmti)Distributio
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at one time supported marten popula
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each population of these animals is
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species also is found under the bar
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few meters from water after heavy r
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In considering the needs of other s
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Barrows, C. W. 1981. Roost selectio
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Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Dougl
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Hamer, T. E. 1991. Habitat relation
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Mannan, R. W., E. C. Meslow, and H.
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Oakley, A. L., Collins, J. A., Ever
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Solis, D. M. 1983. Summer habitat e
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Washington Natural Heritage Program
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414
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f. Wilderness.g. Livestock grazing.
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I. Monitoring.1. Northern spotted o
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420
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here will reduce some of that habit
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424
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426
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Selection of Forest TypesAt the tim
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eceive as little as 25 inches. Disc
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A. FireThe combination and interact
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Table F.4. Important forest insects
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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D. DiseasesForest diseases in the P
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III. Forest Protection in theWest C
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120 100200 500I~~~~.K446Figure F.4.
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InsectsDiseasesInsects in this subr
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__hardwoods are immune. Shade toler
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pests (Schowalter 1988). Black stai
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tion and initial attack. If manipul
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log and snag density was likely low
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B. Management Effects on StandsMana
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units (underburning or lop/scatter)
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In the higher elevation White Fir a
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growth often increases (Reinhardt a
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50rcc4*0-cC)2M CmZ13010-yearI ,...*
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In the East Cascades subregion fore
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The introduced disease, white pine
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VI. Conclusionsmortality will resul
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Baker, F.A. 1988. The influence of
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Habeck, J.R. 1990. Old-growth ponde
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Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 199
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Weatherspoon, C.P., and C.N. Skinne
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482
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484
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area, structure, ages, location; ne
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Stand AFigure G.2. A--unthmnned Dou
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figure 0.3. Effects of thinning Dou
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II. Review of Natural Vegetation an
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western hemlock, and sometimes othe
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year intervals (Appendix F). With t
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Live crown ratiobecent)6050IStand A
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Basal area growth continued to incr
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technology probably will allow some
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Stand A. No activities (west side 3
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Stand A. No activities (west side o
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acre, 4 to 12 inches in diameter),
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allow redwood sprout clumps maximum
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KAge 15 years - 511 trees per acre,
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6Stems per acre100 _ Stand A. Natur
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Basal Area(square feetper acre)50 1
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* Opening the canopy in small patch
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Drew, T.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 197
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Miller, R.E.; D.L. Reukema, and R.L
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Tappeiner, J.C., P.M. McDonald, and
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526
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528
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6. Timber supply curve and economic
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scientifically credible biological
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E. Summary of Preliminary Estimates
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II. General Economic Principles for
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practices may be able to show how s
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Economic patterns show the efficien
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The sustainable yield concept that
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A. Previously Estimated Economic Co
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County receipts were estimated to d
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B. Potential Social Costs of Owl Co
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The contrast between the behavior d
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0U1 n1nDTable H.2. Economic depende
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Page 572 and 573: An analysis completed by the State
Page 574 and 575: V. Preliminary Evaluation of the Ec
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Page 578 and 579: 25 -- 20-0co/o 15--Da)a0a)10m~ C) 5
Page 580 and 581: forestlands. The costs of productio
Page 582 and 583: In Figure H.8, the equilibrium betw
Page 584 and 585: foregone and the way they will save
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Page 588 and 589: Two concepts are useful for underst
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Page 592 and 593: Table H.10. Comparison of timber em
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Page 600 and 601: studies at University of Washington
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Page 604 and 605: Most significant late successionall
Page 606 and 607: to evaluate options. Information in
Page 608 and 609: Q0Table 1.1. Estimated acres and ow
Page 610 and 611: soTable 1.3. Estimated acres and ow
Page 612 and 613: 01CDarTable 1.5. Size class distrib
Page 614 and 615: Table 1.8. Frequency distribution o
Page 616 and 617: Literature CitedThomas, J.W., E.D.
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Page 622 and 623: Table J.2. Acreage and owl numbers
Page 624 and 625: continuedDCA Land AcreageIdent. Sta
Page 634 and 635: Table J.9. Acrea ?e and owl numbers
Page 638 and 639: continued-DCA LandIdent. StatusAcre
Page 640 and 641: -DCAIdent.LandStatusAcreageNRF Tota
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Page 644 and 645: Experience Includes: Assistant Dire
Page 646 and 647: Education: B.S. in forestry from Or
Page 648 and 649: Team SupportCharles Bruce, Oregon D
Page 650 and 651: continued-1 5-24-91 Other SpeciesSu
Page 652 and 653: continued-9-16 thru9-20-919-19-91Sp
Page 654 and 655: Perry, D. 1991. The ecology of coar
Page 656 and 657: 2mandate the achievement of recover
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Page 662 and 663: Aspect - the direction a slope face
Page 664 and 665: Congressionally classified and desi
Page 666 and 667: Empirical - derived from direct obs
Page 668 and 669: Hummocky - a landscape characterize
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Mixed conifer - as used in this doc
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Potential habitat - a stand of tree
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Sensitive species - those species t
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Take -Uunder the Endangered Species
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wild, scenic, or recreational by an
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Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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