Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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Stand A. No activities (west side open area)150 *500/ 500/5-9 /8-11 294/12-17100ILL5001990 2010 2030 2050Stand B. Low density (west side open area)150 500/ 100/7-11 70/15-21 70/23-31100501990 2010 2030 2050Stand A = No treatmentStand B = Thinning 1992 and 2030*Trees per acre/average diameter (inches) - diameter of largest 5 percentBlack crown = Douglas-fir or western hemlock H AWhite crown = other conifer species Hardwoods AlA shrubsFigure G. 10. A plantation of Douglas-fhr and western hemlock simulated with no thinning and with thinning of small trees at ages20 and 40 years. Numbers of trees per acre, average diameter, and diameter of the lurgest 5 percent of the trees are shown at eachyear. Note the increased crown and understory development as overstory tree density decreases (Oliver et aL 1991).506
Table G.1. Costs per acre or return per acre over 60 years for each silviculturalsystem on each stand (Oliver et al. 1991). Costs assume no timber removal isdone and no risk reduction measures are taken. Returns assume all timber killedis removed (none is left to create snags and logs). Part of the cost of creatingspotted owl habitat, as well as reducing the risk of fires and insects, may be defrayedby selling some of killed trees in each stand. Where some trees are left andothers removed, costs (or returns) would be between values shown here.CostNo Removal(in dollars)ReturnsFull Removal(in dollars)West side 30-year-old standsNo activities system: 0 0Low density system: 340 7,165High density system: 337 7,900West side 70-year-old standsNo activities system: 0 0Multiple canopy strata system: 1,390 14,042Moderate density system: 771 4,866West side open areasNo activities system: 0 0Maintain opening system 310 0Low density system: 422 1,000East side multiple canopy strata standsNo activities system: 0 0Low density system: 1,030 2,129High density system: 742 1,215East side pole standsNo activities system: 0 0Multiple canopy strata system: 2,822 1,777High density system: 1,515 1,862East side open areasNo activities system: 0 0Maintain opening system: 350 0Low density system: 150 0 - - --- -- - .-...1I507
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I 1.2:Sp 6/draftRecovery Plan for t
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List of FiguresTable 4.1 Abbreviate
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Recovery ObjectiveSecretary of the
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Management Rules for Designated Con
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Monitoring and Research ProgramThe
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Chapter IIntroduction1
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"Threatened species" means a specie
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B. The Interagency Scientific Commi
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lished works and many government do
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II.A. Natural History of theNorther
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I- \IzXelT - - -.11 I..., ... I.."
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spring. Territories probably are sm
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Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentil
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also use a variety of nest sites in
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Home Range SizeHome range is define
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Table 2.2. Median amounts of old-gr
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3. Life Historycannot reject the hy
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Dispersal1984, Thomas et al. 1990,
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4. ConclusionOur knowledge of the n
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Ca n a d aEastern Washington Cascad
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Table 2.3. Estimated spotted owl ha
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Table 2.4. Significant threats to t
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Table 2.5. Results of surveys for s
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isolated. In these provinces, small
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centers for 30 to 35 spotted owl te
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Southwest Washington occupies a key
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Distribution of Habitat and Populat
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Province Isolation. The eastern Was
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were in suitable habitat condition.
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Estimated acres of forest landbase:
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owned and contain little suitable h
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Vulnerability to Natural Disturbanc
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Douglas-fir/hardwood types, the lat
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miles from the contiguous populatio
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In comparison, the southern part of
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Sacramento River Canyon now provide
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On January 11, 1980, there was an a
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vation Strategy for the Northern Sp
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transfer of one area to the Grand R
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The BLM Spokane (Washington) Distri
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3. National Park ServiceThe followi
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The results of a consultation are s
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- Since landowners already face cut
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4. Cumulative Effects AssessmentThe
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Assessment, Planning, and Monitorin
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Spotted owl nesting sites and activ
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Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhance
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including wildlife. In other cases,
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Currently, the Yakima Indian Nation
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where timber harvest is limited to
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III.A. Recovery Objective and Delis
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4. The population is unlikely to ne
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Needs of other species should be co
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years. The strategy of managing for
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't0
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Finally, the plan recommends mainta
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A total of 1,181 pairs of owls has
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DKnown owlsin the OregonprovincesKn
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mologists, and representatives of o
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this prey species is an appropriate
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After 100 years residual snags will
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2. Fuelwood Gathering. If allowed,
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The application of prescriptions A,
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owls. (Refer to tables in section I
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PRESCRIPTION D -RETAIN OWLS IN MANA
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126
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DCA Management Plans.The recovery p
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Endangered Species Act) or through
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6. Costs to landowners should be re
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The real or perceived disincentives
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authority of the public body to ent
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* Use the recovery plan's recommend
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140
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Supplemental pair areas - Habitat d
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Numbers of owls currently are estim
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Biological goals and implementation
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ning. Also, several unsurveyed area
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Owl pairsKnown owlsin the province3
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- Initiate long-range planning effo
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Table 3.8. Summary comments on the
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from nonfederal lands are needed to
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Eastern Washington Cascades Provinc
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(Owl pairs140 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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habitat in DCA WD- 16. Approximatel
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Table 3.12. Summary comments on the
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Ttllwrnook/Astoria area. Provide su
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connectivity between key DCAs. This
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ITable 3.14. Summary comments on th
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crest of the Cascade Mountains. The
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sites on federal lands (figure 3.21
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Owl pairsL I 350- _ _ . ...........
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DCAs, often combined with adjacent
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Owl pairsLiKnown owlsin the provinc
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nesting and roosting habitat until
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Option 3: Management of clusters: g
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Table 3.21. Summary of acreage and
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Owl pairs -Known owlsin the provinc
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and to within 0.5 miles of the acti
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Spotted owls have been found at 86
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their distance from other sites. Ar
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* Recommend population and habitat
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away in some or all of the range. D
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4. What are the population dynamics
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If the monitoring and research prog
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lowlands, eastern Oregon Cascades,
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210
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Stepdown Outline1. Management Tasks
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Table 4.1 Abbreviated Cost TableThe
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continued-TaskPriorityResp. PartyCo
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218
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220
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and the number of invertebrate anim
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Table 5.2. Numbers of other species
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Amphibians and Reptiles: Larch Moun
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228
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230
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Barrows, C. W. 1980. Feeding ecolog
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Clark, R. J., D. G. Smith, and L. H
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Franklin, A. B., J. A. Blakesley, a
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Harestad, A. S., and F. L. Bunnell.
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Lundquist, R. W. and J. M. Mariani.
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O'Halloran, K. 1989. Spotted owl in
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Solis, D. M. 1980. Habitat use by n
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Young, K. D., A. B. Franklin, and J
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248
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250
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Table A.1. General approaches for e
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complete count of the territorial b
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Table A.3. Powera for various desig
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Table A.4. Illustration of a Markov
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Obviously, these statements hold on
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Table A.6. Reliability of trend est
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Demographic AnalysisAs noted earlie
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the estimate (using the simple equa
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however, we know little about the b
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Table A.8. Summary of information n
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predict the power achieved by diffe
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Other studiestached. If dispersing
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impractical at present. We describe
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Conclusionsthe year effect can be i
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280
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282
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284
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owls. Consequently, the issue of wh
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Use of the informationAssessments a
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Recent LiteratureWe might begin by
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Kerms (1989) measured habitat struc
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Hamer (pers. comm.) described 11 ne
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Table B.3. Percent hardwoods in the
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Table B.5. Comparison of habitats u
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Table B.8. Tree density (number of
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and numbers of trees, and percent o
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Under this hypothesis, owl fitness
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suitable habitat for that region (m
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ResultsDiscussionspotted owl habita
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__Discussiondata from 41 sites in t
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Recommendations for Future Research
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314
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Hamer, T. 1988. Home range size of
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318
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320
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Parameter Estimatesfor Individual S
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provided in Table C. 5. Study of th
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Table C.6. Summary of statistics re
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3. ConclusionsThis source of bias i
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330
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Gray Wolf .........................
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formed during the initial meeting t
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provide habitat for the numerous sp
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The ApproachA committee of the Reco
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The List of Threatened and Endanger
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Mammalsoldest trees in a stand. Eig
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ABBFigure D. 1. Distribution of: a)
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KTable D.3. A list of threatened an
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Fishestheir dispersal capabilities
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OlympicNorthcoastalRockyMountainSou
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continued-StatusabState Considered
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continued-SpeciesColumbia sidebandM
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endemic to the Pacific Northwest).
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------continued-SpeciesRhyacophila
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continued-SpeciesFed3tatusa bStateW
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StatusasbOld ForestState Associatio
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Summaryspores (Maser et al. 1978b).
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Biology of Owl Prey, Older Forest A
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Woodrats.-The dusky-footed woodrat
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and are less restrictive under stat
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Stock concept.-The term "stock" was
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Table D.10. List of fish stocks of
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continued-Steelhead-owipu Sea-runTr
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continued-BasinHoodWillametteRogueS
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Table D.13. Washington streams (or
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inland distribution currently decre
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nesting territories in the three st
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However, little is known about the
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Fisher (Martes penncmti)Distributio
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at one time supported marten popula
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each population of these animals is
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species also is found under the bar
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few meters from water after heavy r
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In considering the needs of other s
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Barrows, C. W. 1981. Roost selectio
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Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Dougl
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Hamer, T. E. 1991. Habitat relation
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Mannan, R. W., E. C. Meslow, and H.
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Oakley, A. L., Collins, J. A., Ever
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Solis, D. M. 1983. Summer habitat e
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Washington Natural Heritage Program
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414
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f. Wilderness.g. Livestock grazing.
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I. Monitoring.1. Northern spotted o
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420
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here will reduce some of that habit
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424
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426
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Selection of Forest TypesAt the tim
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eceive as little as 25 inches. Disc
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A. FireThe combination and interact
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Table F.4. Important forest insects
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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D. DiseasesForest diseases in the P
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III. Forest Protection in theWest C
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120 100200 500I~~~~.K446Figure F.4.
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InsectsDiseasesInsects in this subr
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__hardwoods are immune. Shade toler
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pests (Schowalter 1988). Black stai
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tion and initial attack. If manipul
Page 472 and 473: log and snag density was likely low
Page 474 and 475: B. Management Effects on StandsMana
Page 476 and 477: units (underburning or lop/scatter)
Page 478 and 479: In the higher elevation White Fir a
Page 480 and 481: growth often increases (Reinhardt a
Page 482 and 483: 50rcc4*0-cC)2M CmZ13010-yearI ,...*
Page 484 and 485: In the East Cascades subregion fore
Page 486 and 487: The introduced disease, white pine
Page 488 and 489: VI. Conclusionsmortality will resul
Page 490 and 491: Baker, F.A. 1988. The influence of
Page 492 and 493: Habeck, J.R. 1990. Old-growth ponde
Page 494 and 495: Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 199
Page 496 and 497: Weatherspoon, C.P., and C.N. Skinne
Page 498 and 499: 482
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Page 502 and 503: area, structure, ages, location; ne
Page 504 and 505: Stand AFigure G.2. A--unthmnned Dou
Page 506 and 507: figure 0.3. Effects of thinning Dou
Page 508 and 509: II. Review of Natural Vegetation an
Page 510 and 511: western hemlock, and sometimes othe
Page 512 and 513: year intervals (Appendix F). With t
Page 514 and 515: Live crown ratiobecent)6050IStand A
Page 516 and 517: Basal area growth continued to incr
Page 518 and 519: technology probably will allow some
Page 520 and 521: Stand A. No activities (west side 3
Page 524 and 525: acre, 4 to 12 inches in diameter),
Page 526 and 527: allow redwood sprout clumps maximum
Page 528 and 529: KAge 15 years - 511 trees per acre,
Page 530 and 531: 6Stems per acre100 _ Stand A. Natur
Page 532 and 533: Basal Area(square feetper acre)50 1
Page 534 and 535: * Opening the canopy in small patch
Page 536 and 537: Drew, T.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 197
Page 538 and 539: Miller, R.E.; D.L. Reukema, and R.L
Page 540 and 541: Tappeiner, J.C., P.M. McDonald, and
Page 542 and 543: 526
Page 544 and 545: 528
Page 546 and 547: 6. Timber supply curve and economic
Page 548 and 549: scientifically credible biological
Page 550 and 551: E. Summary of Preliminary Estimates
Page 552 and 553: II. General Economic Principles for
Page 554 and 555: practices may be able to show how s
Page 556 and 557: Economic patterns show the efficien
Page 558 and 559: The sustainable yield concept that
Page 560 and 561: A. Previously Estimated Economic Co
Page 562 and 563: County receipts were estimated to d
Page 564 and 565: B. Potential Social Costs of Owl Co
Page 566 and 567: The contrast between the behavior d
Page 568 and 569: 0U1 n1nDTable H.2. Economic depende
Page 570 and 571: cḻlTable H.4. Economic characteri
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An analysis completed by the State
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V. Preliminary Evaluation of the Ec
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25-° 20/0M 15-a)CLU)0 10-0CL 5 -0)
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25 -- 20-0co/o 15--Da)a0a)10m~ C) 5
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forestlands. The costs of productio
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In Figure H.8, the equilibrium betw
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foregone and the way they will save
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The income created by the purchase
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Two concepts are useful for underst
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y an estimate of the price that wou
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Table H.10. Comparison of timber em
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of the second year. The same assump
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are generally much lower than for c
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582
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studies at University of Washington
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586
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Most significant late successionall
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to evaluate options. Information in
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Q0Table 1.1. Estimated acres and ow
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soTable 1.3. Estimated acres and ow
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01CDarTable 1.5. Size class distrib
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Table 1.8. Frequency distribution o
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Literature CitedThomas, J.W., E.D.
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602
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- The overlap of home ranges among
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Table J.2. Acreage and owl numbers
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continuedDCA Land AcreageIdent. Sta
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Table J.9. Acrea ?e and owl numbers
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continued-DCA LandIdent. StatusAcre
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-DCAIdent.LandStatusAcreageNRF Tota
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626
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Experience Includes: Assistant Dire
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Education: B.S. in forestry from Or
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Team SupportCharles Bruce, Oregon D
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continued-1 5-24-91 Other SpeciesSu
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continued-9-16 thru9-20-919-19-91Sp
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Perry, D. 1991. The ecology of coar
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2mandate the achievement of recover
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642
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644
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Aspect - the direction a slope face
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Congressionally classified and desi
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Empirical - derived from direct obs
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Hummocky - a landscape characterize
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Mixed conifer - as used in this doc
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Potential habitat - a stand of tree
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Sensitive species - those species t
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Take -Uunder the Endangered Species
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wild, scenic, or recreational by an
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Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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