Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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Stand A. No activities (west side 30-year-old stand)*293/8-14 NAN12-18 NA/15-23 153/18-27150 - I100 A AU-5001990 2010 2030 2050150 -100LL500~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1990 2010 2030 2050Stand C. Moderate density regime (west side 30-year-old stand)*170/8-15 111/15-22 91/18-28 87/23-31Stand B. Low density regime (west side 30-year-old stand)* 100/9-12 70/20-28 50/28-38 49/36-150-- 100 ft501990 2010 2030 2050* Trees per acre/average diameter (inches) - diameter of largest 5 percentNA = Data not availableBlack crown = Douglas-firStand A. No treatmentor western hemlockStand B. Thinning and planting 1992, 201 1, and 2031White crown = otherStand C. Thinning 1992, and 201 1, and 2031A ^ shrubs Hardwood conifer speciesFigure G.8. A 30-year-old Douglas-fr/westem hemlock stand simulated with no treatments and with development under lowdensity and high density regimes. Numbers of trees per acre, average diameter, and diameter of the largest 5 percent of the treesare shown at each year. Note the increased crown and understory development as overstory tree density decreases (Oliver et aL1991).504
Figure G.9. A 70-year-old Douglas-fir/westem hemlock stand simulated with no treatments and with development of multiplecanopy and moderate density regimes. Number of trees per acre, average diameter, and diameter of the largest 5 percent of the treesare shown at each year. Note the increased crown and understory development as overstory tree density decreases (Oliver et al.1991).505
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I 1.2:Sp 6/draftRecovery Plan for t
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List of FiguresTable 4.1 Abbreviate
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Recovery ObjectiveSecretary of the
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Management Rules for Designated Con
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Monitoring and Research ProgramThe
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Chapter IIntroduction1
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"Threatened species" means a specie
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B. The Interagency Scientific Commi
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lished works and many government do
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II.A. Natural History of theNorther
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I- \IzXelT - - -.11 I..., ... I.."
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spring. Territories probably are sm
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Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentil
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also use a variety of nest sites in
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Home Range SizeHome range is define
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Table 2.2. Median amounts of old-gr
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3. Life Historycannot reject the hy
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Dispersal1984, Thomas et al. 1990,
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4. ConclusionOur knowledge of the n
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Ca n a d aEastern Washington Cascad
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Table 2.3. Estimated spotted owl ha
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Table 2.4. Significant threats to t
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Table 2.5. Results of surveys for s
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isolated. In these provinces, small
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centers for 30 to 35 spotted owl te
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Southwest Washington occupies a key
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Distribution of Habitat and Populat
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Province Isolation. The eastern Was
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were in suitable habitat condition.
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Estimated acres of forest landbase:
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owned and contain little suitable h
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Vulnerability to Natural Disturbanc
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Douglas-fir/hardwood types, the lat
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miles from the contiguous populatio
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In comparison, the southern part of
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Sacramento River Canyon now provide
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On January 11, 1980, there was an a
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vation Strategy for the Northern Sp
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transfer of one area to the Grand R
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The BLM Spokane (Washington) Distri
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3. National Park ServiceThe followi
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The results of a consultation are s
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- Since landowners already face cut
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4. Cumulative Effects AssessmentThe
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Assessment, Planning, and Monitorin
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Spotted owl nesting sites and activ
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Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhance
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including wildlife. In other cases,
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Currently, the Yakima Indian Nation
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where timber harvest is limited to
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III.A. Recovery Objective and Delis
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4. The population is unlikely to ne
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Needs of other species should be co
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years. The strategy of managing for
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't0
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Finally, the plan recommends mainta
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A total of 1,181 pairs of owls has
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DKnown owlsin the OregonprovincesKn
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mologists, and representatives of o
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this prey species is an appropriate
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After 100 years residual snags will
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2. Fuelwood Gathering. If allowed,
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The application of prescriptions A,
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owls. (Refer to tables in section I
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PRESCRIPTION D -RETAIN OWLS IN MANA
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126
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DCA Management Plans.The recovery p
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Endangered Species Act) or through
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6. Costs to landowners should be re
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The real or perceived disincentives
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authority of the public body to ent
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* Use the recovery plan's recommend
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140
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Supplemental pair areas - Habitat d
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Numbers of owls currently are estim
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Biological goals and implementation
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ning. Also, several unsurveyed area
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Owl pairsKnown owlsin the province3
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- Initiate long-range planning effo
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Table 3.8. Summary comments on the
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from nonfederal lands are needed to
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Eastern Washington Cascades Provinc
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(Owl pairs140 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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habitat in DCA WD- 16. Approximatel
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Table 3.12. Summary comments on the
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Ttllwrnook/Astoria area. Provide su
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connectivity between key DCAs. This
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ITable 3.14. Summary comments on th
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crest of the Cascade Mountains. The
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sites on federal lands (figure 3.21
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Owl pairsL I 350- _ _ . ...........
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DCAs, often combined with adjacent
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Owl pairsLiKnown owlsin the provinc
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nesting and roosting habitat until
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Option 3: Management of clusters: g
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Table 3.21. Summary of acreage and
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Owl pairs -Known owlsin the provinc
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and to within 0.5 miles of the acti
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Spotted owls have been found at 86
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their distance from other sites. Ar
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* Recommend population and habitat
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away in some or all of the range. D
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4. What are the population dynamics
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If the monitoring and research prog
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lowlands, eastern Oregon Cascades,
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210
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Stepdown Outline1. Management Tasks
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Table 4.1 Abbreviated Cost TableThe
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continued-TaskPriorityResp. PartyCo
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218
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220
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and the number of invertebrate anim
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Table 5.2. Numbers of other species
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Amphibians and Reptiles: Larch Moun
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228
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230
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Barrows, C. W. 1980. Feeding ecolog
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Clark, R. J., D. G. Smith, and L. H
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Franklin, A. B., J. A. Blakesley, a
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Harestad, A. S., and F. L. Bunnell.
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Lundquist, R. W. and J. M. Mariani.
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O'Halloran, K. 1989. Spotted owl in
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Solis, D. M. 1980. Habitat use by n
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Young, K. D., A. B. Franklin, and J
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248
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250
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Table A.1. General approaches for e
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complete count of the territorial b
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Table A.3. Powera for various desig
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Table A.4. Illustration of a Markov
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Obviously, these statements hold on
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Table A.6. Reliability of trend est
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Demographic AnalysisAs noted earlie
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the estimate (using the simple equa
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however, we know little about the b
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Table A.8. Summary of information n
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predict the power achieved by diffe
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Other studiestached. If dispersing
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impractical at present. We describe
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Conclusionsthe year effect can be i
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280
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282
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284
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owls. Consequently, the issue of wh
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Use of the informationAssessments a
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Recent LiteratureWe might begin by
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Kerms (1989) measured habitat struc
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Hamer (pers. comm.) described 11 ne
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Table B.3. Percent hardwoods in the
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Table B.5. Comparison of habitats u
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Table B.8. Tree density (number of
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and numbers of trees, and percent o
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Under this hypothesis, owl fitness
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suitable habitat for that region (m
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ResultsDiscussionspotted owl habita
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__Discussiondata from 41 sites in t
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Recommendations for Future Research
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314
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Hamer, T. 1988. Home range size of
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318
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320
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Parameter Estimatesfor Individual S
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provided in Table C. 5. Study of th
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Table C.6. Summary of statistics re
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3. ConclusionsThis source of bias i
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330
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Gray Wolf .........................
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formed during the initial meeting t
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provide habitat for the numerous sp
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The ApproachA committee of the Reco
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The List of Threatened and Endanger
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Mammalsoldest trees in a stand. Eig
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ABBFigure D. 1. Distribution of: a)
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KTable D.3. A list of threatened an
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Fishestheir dispersal capabilities
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OlympicNorthcoastalRockyMountainSou
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continued-StatusabState Considered
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continued-SpeciesColumbia sidebandM
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endemic to the Pacific Northwest).
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------continued-SpeciesRhyacophila
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continued-SpeciesFed3tatusa bStateW
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StatusasbOld ForestState Associatio
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Summaryspores (Maser et al. 1978b).
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Biology of Owl Prey, Older Forest A
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Woodrats.-The dusky-footed woodrat
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and are less restrictive under stat
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Stock concept.-The term "stock" was
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Table D.10. List of fish stocks of
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continued-Steelhead-owipu Sea-runTr
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continued-BasinHoodWillametteRogueS
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Table D.13. Washington streams (or
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inland distribution currently decre
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nesting territories in the three st
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However, little is known about the
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Fisher (Martes penncmti)Distributio
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at one time supported marten popula
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each population of these animals is
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species also is found under the bar
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few meters from water after heavy r
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In considering the needs of other s
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Barrows, C. W. 1981. Roost selectio
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Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Dougl
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Hamer, T. E. 1991. Habitat relation
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Mannan, R. W., E. C. Meslow, and H.
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Oakley, A. L., Collins, J. A., Ever
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Solis, D. M. 1983. Summer habitat e
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Washington Natural Heritage Program
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414
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f. Wilderness.g. Livestock grazing.
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I. Monitoring.1. Northern spotted o
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420
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here will reduce some of that habit
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424
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426
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Selection of Forest TypesAt the tim
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eceive as little as 25 inches. Disc
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A. FireThe combination and interact
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Table F.4. Important forest insects
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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D. DiseasesForest diseases in the P
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III. Forest Protection in theWest C
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120 100200 500I~~~~.K446Figure F.4.
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InsectsDiseasesInsects in this subr
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__hardwoods are immune. Shade toler
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pests (Schowalter 1988). Black stai
Page 470 and 471: tion and initial attack. If manipul
Page 472 and 473: log and snag density was likely low
Page 474 and 475: B. Management Effects on StandsMana
Page 476 and 477: units (underburning or lop/scatter)
Page 478 and 479: In the higher elevation White Fir a
Page 480 and 481: growth often increases (Reinhardt a
Page 482 and 483: 50rcc4*0-cC)2M CmZ13010-yearI ,...*
Page 484 and 485: In the East Cascades subregion fore
Page 486 and 487: The introduced disease, white pine
Page 488 and 489: VI. Conclusionsmortality will resul
Page 490 and 491: Baker, F.A. 1988. The influence of
Page 492 and 493: Habeck, J.R. 1990. Old-growth ponde
Page 494 and 495: Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 199
Page 496 and 497: Weatherspoon, C.P., and C.N. Skinne
Page 498 and 499: 482
Page 500 and 501: 484
Page 502 and 503: area, structure, ages, location; ne
Page 504 and 505: Stand AFigure G.2. A--unthmnned Dou
Page 506 and 507: figure 0.3. Effects of thinning Dou
Page 508 and 509: II. Review of Natural Vegetation an
Page 510 and 511: western hemlock, and sometimes othe
Page 512 and 513: year intervals (Appendix F). With t
Page 514 and 515: Live crown ratiobecent)6050IStand A
Page 516 and 517: Basal area growth continued to incr
Page 518 and 519: technology probably will allow some
Page 522 and 523: Stand A. No activities (west side o
Page 524 and 525: acre, 4 to 12 inches in diameter),
Page 526 and 527: allow redwood sprout clumps maximum
Page 528 and 529: KAge 15 years - 511 trees per acre,
Page 530 and 531: 6Stems per acre100 _ Stand A. Natur
Page 532 and 533: Basal Area(square feetper acre)50 1
Page 534 and 535: * Opening the canopy in small patch
Page 536 and 537: Drew, T.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 197
Page 538 and 539: Miller, R.E.; D.L. Reukema, and R.L
Page 540 and 541: Tappeiner, J.C., P.M. McDonald, and
Page 542 and 543: 526
Page 544 and 545: 528
Page 546 and 547: 6. Timber supply curve and economic
Page 548 and 549: scientifically credible biological
Page 550 and 551: E. Summary of Preliminary Estimates
Page 552 and 553: II. General Economic Principles for
Page 554 and 555: practices may be able to show how s
Page 556 and 557: Economic patterns show the efficien
Page 558 and 559: The sustainable yield concept that
Page 560 and 561: A. Previously Estimated Economic Co
Page 562 and 563: County receipts were estimated to d
Page 564 and 565: B. Potential Social Costs of Owl Co
Page 566 and 567: The contrast between the behavior d
Page 568 and 569: 0U1 n1nDTable H.2. Economic depende
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cḻlTable H.4. Economic characteri
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An analysis completed by the State
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V. Preliminary Evaluation of the Ec
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25-° 20/0M 15-a)CLU)0 10-0CL 5 -0)
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25 -- 20-0co/o 15--Da)a0a)10m~ C) 5
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forestlands. The costs of productio
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In Figure H.8, the equilibrium betw
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foregone and the way they will save
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The income created by the purchase
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Two concepts are useful for underst
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y an estimate of the price that wou
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Table H.10. Comparison of timber em
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of the second year. The same assump
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are generally much lower than for c
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582
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studies at University of Washington
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586
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Most significant late successionall
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to evaluate options. Information in
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Q0Table 1.1. Estimated acres and ow
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soTable 1.3. Estimated acres and ow
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01CDarTable 1.5. Size class distrib
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Table 1.8. Frequency distribution o
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Literature CitedThomas, J.W., E.D.
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602
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- The overlap of home ranges among
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Table J.2. Acreage and owl numbers
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continuedDCA Land AcreageIdent. Sta
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Table J.9. Acrea ?e and owl numbers
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continued-DCA LandIdent. StatusAcre
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-DCAIdent.LandStatusAcreageNRF Tota
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626
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Experience Includes: Assistant Dire
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Education: B.S. in forestry from Or
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Team SupportCharles Bruce, Oregon D
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continued-1 5-24-91 Other SpeciesSu
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continued-9-16 thru9-20-919-19-91Sp
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Perry, D. 1991. The ecology of coar
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2mandate the achievement of recover
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642
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644
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Aspect - the direction a slope face
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Congressionally classified and desi
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Empirical - derived from direct obs
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Hummocky - a landscape characterize
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Mixed conifer - as used in this doc
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Potential habitat - a stand of tree
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Sensitive species - those species t
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Take -Uunder the Endangered Species
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wild, scenic, or recreational by an
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Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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