Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT
Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT
Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 1990. Climate change and ecosystem response.Northwest Environ. J. 6:293-313.Peterson, D.L., and K.C. Ryan. 1986. Modeling post-fire conifer mortality forlong-range planning. Environmental Management 10: 797-808.Pettinger, L.F. and D.J. Goheen. 1972. A field guide to important forest insectsand diseases of Oregon and Washington. USDA Forest Service, PacificNorthwest Region, Division of Timber Management.Pickford, S.G., G. Fahnestock, and R. Ottmar. 1980. Weather, fuels, andlightning fires in Olympic National Park. Northwest Sci. 54: 92-105.Pyne, S.J. 1982. Fire in America: a cultural history of wildland and rural firein America. Princeton University Press.Quinault Natural Resources 1983. The great fire of 500 years ago. Quin. Nat.Res. IV,5: 23.Reinhardt, E.D., and K.C. Ryan. 1988. Eight-year tree growth followingprescribed underburning in a western Montana Douglas-fir/western larchstand. USDA Forest Service Res. Note INT-387.Ruediger, W.C. 1985. Implementing a spotted owl plan: the Gifford PinchotNational Forest experience. pp. 10-13 In: Gutierrez, R.J., and A.B. Carey(eds). Ecology and management of the spotted owl in the Pacific Northwest.USDA Forest Service General Technical Report. PNW- 185.Ruth, R.H., and A.S. Harris. 1979. Management of western hemlock - Sitkaspruce forests for timber production. USDA Forest Service GeneralTechnical Report. PNW-88.Ruth, R.H., and R.A. Yoder. 1953. Reducing wind damage in the forests of theOregon Coast Range. USDA Forest Service Pac. Northwest Forest andRange Experiment Station Res. Pap. 7.Sawyer, J.O., D.A. Thornburgh, and J.R. Griffim. 1988. Mixed evergreen forest.pp. 359-381 In: Barbour, M.G., and J. Major (eds.) Terrestrial Vegetationof California. California Native Plant Society Special Pub. 9.Schowalter, T.D. 1988. Forest pest management: a synopsis. NorthwestEnviron. J. 4:313-318.Shinn, D. 1980. Historical perspectives on range burning in the inland PacificNorthwest. Jour. Range Management 33: 415-422.Sinclair, W.A., H.H. Lyon and W.T. Johnson. 1987. Diseases of trees andshrubs. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.Steinbrenner, E.C., and S.P. Gessel. 1956. Windthrow along cutlines inrelation to physiography on the McDonald Tree Farm. WeyerhaeuserForestry Res. Notes 15. Centralia, Washington.Stewart, G.H. 1986. Population dynamics of a montane conifer forest, westernCascade Range, Oregon, USA. Ecology 67: 534-544.Stone, E.C., R.F. Grah, and P.J. Zinke. 1969. An analysis of the buffers andwatershed management required to preserve the redwood forest andassociated streams in the Redwood National Park. Stone and Associates.Berekley. California. Mimeo Rep. 106 pp.Stoszek, K. J. 1988. Forests under stress and insect outbreaks. NorthwestEnviron. J. 4:247-261.Stuart, J.D. 1987. Fire history of an old-growth forest of Sequoia sempervfrensflaxodiaceae) forest in Humboldt Redwoods State Park, California.Madrono 43: 128-141.478
Stuiver, M., and P. Quay. 1980. Changes in atmospheric carbon-14 attributedto a variable sun. Science 207: 11-19.Sudworth, G. 1908. Forest trees of the Pacific slope. USDA Forest Service,Washington, D.C.Swetnam, T.W. and A.M. Lynch. 1989. A tree ring reconstruction of westernspruce budworm history in the southern Rocky Mountains. Forest Sci.35:962-986.Tappeiner, J.C., T.B. Harrington, and J.D. Walstad. 1984. Predicting recoveryof tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) and Pacific madrone (Arbutusmenziesitj after cutting or burning. Weed Sci. 32: 413-417.Taylor, A.R. 1974. Ecological aspects of lightning in forests. Tall Timbers FireEcology Conf. Proc. 13: 455-482.Teensma, P. 1987. Fire history and fire regimes of the central western Cascadesof Oregon. Ph.D. Dissertation, University Oregon, Eugene.Thies, W.G. 1984. Laminated root rot: the quest for control. Journal of Forestry82:345-356.Thomas, J.W., E.D. Forsman, J.B. Lint, E.C. Meslow, B.R. Noon, and J.Verner. 1990. A conservation strategy for the northern spotted owl. Areport by the Interagency Scientific Committee to address the conservationof the northern spotted owl. USDA Forest Service, and USDI Fishand Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, and National ParkService. Portland, Oregon.Thomas, T. and J.K. Agee. 1986. Prescribed fire effects on mixed conifer foreststructure at Crater Lake, Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Res. 16:1082-1087.Thornburgh, D.A. 1982. Succession in the mixed evergreen forests of northwesternCalifomia. pp. 87-91 In: Means, J.E. (ed) Forest succession andstand development research in the Northwest. Forest Research Lab.,Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.Thwaites, R.G. (ed.) 1905. Original journals of the Lewis and Clark expedition1804-06. Dodd,,Mead. New York. Tkacz, B.M. and E.M. Hansen. 1982.Damage by laminated root rot in two succeeding stands of Douglas-fir.Joumal of Forestry 80:788-79 1.Trewartha, G.T. 1968. An Introduction to Climate: Fourth Edition. Mc-Graw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA Forest Service. 1983. Forest disease management notes. USDA ForestService, Pacific Northwest Region, Forest Pest Management, Portland,Oregon.van Wagtendonk, J.W. 1985. Fire suppression effects on fuels and successionin short-fire-interval wilderness ecosystems. pp. 119-126 In: Lotan, J.and others (eds) Proceedings - Symposium and workshop on wildernessfire. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report. INT- 182.Veirs, S. 1980. The influence of fire in coast redowood forests. pp. 93-95 In:Stokes, M. A. and J.H. Dieterich (eds). Proceedings of the Fire HistoryWorkshop. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report. RM-81.Walters, C. 1986. Adaptive management of renewable resources. Macmillan,New York.Waring, R.H., K. Cromack, Jr., P.A. Matson, R. Boone, and S.G. Stafford.1987. Responses to pathogen-induced disturbance: decomposition, nutrientavailability and tree vigour. Forestry 60:219-228.479
- Page 444 and 445: Selection of Forest TypesAt the tim
- Page 446 and 447: eceive as little as 25 inches. Disc
- Page 448 and 449: A. FireThe combination and interact
- Page 450 and 451: Table F.4. Important forest insects
- Page 452 and 453: continued-Common Name Causal Agent
- Page 454 and 455: D. DiseasesForest diseases in the P
- Page 456 and 457: continued-Common Name Causal Agent
- Page 458 and 459: continued-Common Name Causal Agent
- Page 460 and 461: III. Forest Protection in theWest C
- Page 462 and 463: 120 100200 500I~~~~.K446Figure F.4.
- Page 464 and 465: InsectsDiseasesInsects in this subr
- Page 466 and 467: __hardwoods are immune. Shade toler
- Page 468 and 469: pests (Schowalter 1988). Black stai
- Page 470 and 471: tion and initial attack. If manipul
- Page 472 and 473: log and snag density was likely low
- Page 474 and 475: B. Management Effects on StandsMana
- Page 476 and 477: units (underburning or lop/scatter)
- Page 478 and 479: In the higher elevation White Fir a
- Page 480 and 481: growth often increases (Reinhardt a
- Page 482 and 483: 50rcc4*0-cC)2M CmZ13010-yearI ,...*
- Page 484 and 485: In the East Cascades subregion fore
- Page 486 and 487: The introduced disease, white pine
- Page 488 and 489: VI. Conclusionsmortality will resul
- Page 490 and 491: Baker, F.A. 1988. The influence of
- Page 492 and 493: Habeck, J.R. 1990. Old-growth ponde
- Page 496 and 497: Weatherspoon, C.P., and C.N. Skinne
- Page 498 and 499: 482
- Page 500 and 501: 484
- Page 502 and 503: area, structure, ages, location; ne
- Page 504 and 505: Stand AFigure G.2. A--unthmnned Dou
- Page 506 and 507: figure 0.3. Effects of thinning Dou
- Page 508 and 509: II. Review of Natural Vegetation an
- Page 510 and 511: western hemlock, and sometimes othe
- Page 512 and 513: year intervals (Appendix F). With t
- Page 514 and 515: Live crown ratiobecent)6050IStand A
- Page 516 and 517: Basal area growth continued to incr
- Page 518 and 519: technology probably will allow some
- Page 520 and 521: Stand A. No activities (west side 3
- Page 522 and 523: Stand A. No activities (west side o
- Page 524 and 525: acre, 4 to 12 inches in diameter),
- Page 526 and 527: allow redwood sprout clumps maximum
- Page 528 and 529: KAge 15 years - 511 trees per acre,
- Page 530 and 531: 6Stems per acre100 _ Stand A. Natur
- Page 532 and 533: Basal Area(square feetper acre)50 1
- Page 534 and 535: * Opening the canopy in small patch
- Page 536 and 537: Drew, T.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 197
- Page 538 and 539: Miller, R.E.; D.L. Reukema, and R.L
- Page 540 and 541: Tappeiner, J.C., P.M. McDonald, and
- Page 542 and 543: 526
Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 1990. Climate change and ecosystem response.Northwest Environ. J. 6:293-313.Peterson, D.L., and K.C. Ryan. 1986. Modeling post-fire conifer mortality <strong>for</strong>long-range planning. Environmental Management 10: 797-808.Pettinger, L.F. and D.J. Goheen. 1972. A field guide to important <strong>for</strong>est insectsand diseases of Oregon and Washington. USDA Forest Service, PacificNorthwest Region, Division of Timber Management.Pick<strong>for</strong>d, S.G., G. Fahnestock, and R. Ottmar. 1980. Wea<strong>the</strong>r, fuels, andlightning fires in Olympic National Park. Northwest Sci. 54: 92-105.Pyne, S.J. 1982. Fire in America: a cultural history of wildland and rural firein America. Princeton University Press.Quinault Natural Resources 1983. The great fire of 500 years ago. Quin. Nat.Res. IV,5: 23.Reinhardt, E.D., and K.C. Ryan. 1988. Eight-year tree growth followingprescribed underburning in a western Montana Douglas-fir/western larchstand. USDA Forest Service Res. Note INT-387.Ruediger, W.C. 1985. Implementing a spotted owl plan: <strong>the</strong> Gif<strong>for</strong>d PinchotNational Forest experience. pp. 10-13 In: Gutierrez, R.J., and A.B. Carey(eds). Ecology and management of <strong>the</strong> spotted owl in <strong>the</strong> Pacific Northwest.USDA Forest Service General Technical Report. PNW- 185.Ruth, R.H., and A.S. Harris. 1979. Management of western hemlock - Sitkaspruce <strong>for</strong>ests <strong>for</strong> timber production. USDA Forest Service GeneralTechnical Report. PNW-88.Ruth, R.H., and R.A. Yoder. 1953. Reducing wind damage in <strong>the</strong> <strong>for</strong>ests of <strong>the</strong>Oregon Coast Range. USDA Forest Service Pac. Northwest Forest andRange Experiment Station Res. Pap. 7.Sawyer, J.O., D.A. Thornburgh, and J.R. Griffim. 1988. Mixed evergreen <strong>for</strong>est.pp. 359-381 In: Barbour, M.G., and J. Major (eds.) Terrestrial Vegetationof Cali<strong>for</strong>nia. Cali<strong>for</strong>nia Native <strong>Plan</strong>t Society Special Pub. 9.Schowalter, T.D. 1988. Forest pest management: a synopsis. NorthwestEnviron. J. 4:313-318.Shinn, D. 1980. Historical perspectives on range burning in <strong>the</strong> inland PacificNorthwest. Jour. Range Management 33: 415-422.Sinclair, W.A., H.H. Lyon and W.T. Johnson. 1987. Diseases of trees andshrubs. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.Steinbrenner, E.C., and S.P. Gessel. 1956. Windthrow along cutlines inrelation to physiography on <strong>the</strong> McDonald Tree Farm. WeyerhaeuserForestry Res. Notes 15. Centralia, Washington.Stewart, G.H. 1986. Population dynamics of a montane conifer <strong>for</strong>est, westernCascade Range, Oregon, USA. Ecology 67: 534-544.Stone, E.C., R.F. Grah, and P.J. Zinke. 1969. An analysis of <strong>the</strong> buffers andwatershed management required to preserve <strong>the</strong> redwood <strong>for</strong>est andassociated streams in <strong>the</strong> Redwood National Park. Stone and Associates.Berekley. Cali<strong>for</strong>nia. Mimeo Rep. 106 pp.Stoszek, K. J. 1988. Forests under stress and insect outbreaks. NorthwestEnviron. J. 4:247-261.Stuart, J.D. 1987. Fire history of an old-growth <strong>for</strong>est of Sequoia sempervfrensflaxodiaceae) <strong>for</strong>est in Humboldt Redwoods State Park, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia.Madrono 43: 128-141.478
Change language