Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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Table D.13. Washington streams (or stream reaches) identified as containingat least one fish stock that is considered to be at risk.Steelhead Salmon Sea-runTrout Chinook Coho CutthroatBasin Stream Sum Win Spr Sum Fall Trout OtherO ReferenceSbColumbiaColumbiaSkagitQuillayuteColumbiaPuget SoundGraysColumbiaQueetsColumbiaColumbiaQuinaultMid. CoastCoweemanCowlitzColumbiaPuget SoundHood CanalHood CanalHood CanalStrait JDFPuget SoundLewisColumbiaStrait JDFColumbiaColumbiaGraysColumbiaPuget SoundColumbiaColumbiaN. CoastPuget SoundPuget SoundG raysG raysColumbiaColumbiaColumbiaPuget SoundLewisStrait JDFColumbiaHood CanalQuinaultColumbiaColumbiaNooksackPuget SoundNooksackWillapaOzetteOzetteSnohomishPuget SoundN. CoastMid. CoastColumbiaNooksackAbernathy CreekAlder Creek XBaker RiverBogachiel RiverCatherine CreekChambers CreekChehalis RiverChinook RiverClearwater RiverCoal CreekCollins CreekCook CreekCopalis RiverCoweeman RiverCowlitz River PCrooked CreekDeschutes RiverDewatto RiverDosewallips RiverDuckabush RiverDungeness RiverDuwamish-GreenRiversEast Fork Lewis River XElochoman RiverElwha RiverEntiat River XGermany CreekGrays HarborGrays RiverGreen RiverHamilton CreekHardy CreekHoh RiverHood CanalHood CanalTributairiesHoquim RiverHumptulips RiverJim Crow CreekKalama RiverKlickitat River XLake WashingtonLewis River PLyre RiverMajor Creek XMason LakeMcCalla CreekMethow River XMill CreekNorth ForkNooksack River PNisqually RiverNooksack River XNorth RiverOzette LakeOzette RiverPilchuck RiverPuyallup RiverQueets RiverQuinalt RiverRock Creek XSouth ForkNooksack River Pxxxx xxPxxxxxxPxxPxxxxPxPxPXPPPPxxxxx xxxxxxXPPXP2X3X,6X,7X3X2X3X,4X3X,4X2X4XP 3X,4XxX X 2P2XX 3X,6XP2PP2PP P 2PP 2P,5XP2X,3X,6XXXXP2X2X,5X,7Pi P2XxX X 2XxXPxPPx x xPx x xx Pxxx2X2X3X2X3X,4X3X,4X2X1 P,2XP3X,6X,74XP2XP2PP 2X,3X,6Xx P 3X,6XP 3X7Xx P 2XPxxPx 3X,6X2P,3X,6X3X,4X3X,4XP x P 2P331,3331,3333231,331,31,31,31,2,31,2,32,31,31,2,31,2,3331,333313311331,331,2,31,33121,332,311,311,31,311,31,3132,3380continues-
continued-SteelheadSea-runTroutChinook Coho CutthroatBasin Stream Sum Win Spr Sum FallTrout OtherO ReferencesbCowlitzWillapaPuget SoundChehalisColumbiaSkagitPuget SoundColumbiaHood CanalChehalisSnohomishPuget SoundSnohomishStillaHood CanalCowlitzPuget SoundColumbiaColumbiaPuyallupColumbiaWillapaWillapaColumbiaChehalisColumbiaChehalisSouth ForkToutle RiverSalmon CreekSamish RiverSatsop RiverScappoose CreekSauk RiverSkagit RiverSkamokawa CreekSkokomish RiverSkookumchuck RiverSkykomish RiverSnohomish RiverSnoqualmie RiverStillagumaish RiverTahuya RiverToutle RiverTulalip RiverWashougal RiverWenatchee RiverWhite RiverWhite Salmon RiverWillapa BayWillapa RiverWind RiverWishkah RiverWoodward CreekWynoochee RiverPPPxxPxxPxxPxxPxxxPxxxPPxPPxPxPxxxxxxPPPPxxPPPxPPXPPPPXPXPXxXXPPPPP2X3X,6X3X,4X1,2,3X,5,6X3X,6X2P2,3X,5X,6X3X,4X1,3X,5,6X3X,6X3X,6X3X,6X2,3X,6X2P2X1 P,7P3X,6X1P3P3X3X,4X3X,4X3311,31,2311,211,311,31,2,311,211,31,31,31,31,3. 31,31,2,31,2,31,2,3311 ,2,3131,2,3X = endangered, threatened, candidate, or species of concern on federal or state list or identified by Nehisen et al. (1991), or Williams et al.(1989).P = stock is present in streamSpr = springSum = summerWin = winteraOther species: 1) bull trout, 2) chum salmon, 3) Nooky dace, 4) Olympic mudminnow, 5) pink salmon, 6) Salish sucker, 7) sockeye salmonbReferences: 1) Frissell, (1991), 2) Johnson et al. (1991), 3) Nehlsen et al (1991).11D. 11, D. 12, and D. 13). These lists include streams with at least one stockidentified at risk. These streams could provide habitat connectivity among owlconservation areas. Streams included on these lists may need special considerationwhen land management activities are planned. If future fisheriesinventories reveal additional streams containing these stocks, these streamsmay need similar considerations. Since data are incomplete on the identificationof unique fish stocks across the range of the spotted owl, each stockshould be considered individually to reduce the risk of losing a geneticallydistinct stock.Ecology of Other Priority SpeciesMarbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)Distribution.-The marbled murrelet is a seabird that occurs along the PacificCoast from Alaska to central California throughout the year (Marshall 1988).The species nest in coniferous forests within about 50 miles of the coast in theNorthwest and feeds on the ocean immediately offshore, inland marine waters(i.e. Puget Sound), and freshwater lakes (Carter and Sealy 1986, 1987). Known381
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I 1.2:Sp 6/draftRecovery Plan for t
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List of FiguresTable 4.1 Abbreviate
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Recovery ObjectiveSecretary of the
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Management Rules for Designated Con
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Monitoring and Research ProgramThe
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Chapter IIntroduction1
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"Threatened species" means a specie
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B. The Interagency Scientific Commi
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lished works and many government do
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II.A. Natural History of theNorther
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I- \IzXelT - - -.11 I..., ... I.."
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spring. Territories probably are sm
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Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentil
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also use a variety of nest sites in
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Home Range SizeHome range is define
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Table 2.2. Median amounts of old-gr
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3. Life Historycannot reject the hy
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Dispersal1984, Thomas et al. 1990,
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4. ConclusionOur knowledge of the n
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Ca n a d aEastern Washington Cascad
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Table 2.3. Estimated spotted owl ha
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Table 2.4. Significant threats to t
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Table 2.5. Results of surveys for s
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isolated. In these provinces, small
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centers for 30 to 35 spotted owl te
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Southwest Washington occupies a key
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Distribution of Habitat and Populat
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Province Isolation. The eastern Was
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were in suitable habitat condition.
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Estimated acres of forest landbase:
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owned and contain little suitable h
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Vulnerability to Natural Disturbanc
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Douglas-fir/hardwood types, the lat
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miles from the contiguous populatio
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In comparison, the southern part of
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Sacramento River Canyon now provide
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On January 11, 1980, there was an a
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vation Strategy for the Northern Sp
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transfer of one area to the Grand R
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The BLM Spokane (Washington) Distri
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3. National Park ServiceThe followi
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The results of a consultation are s
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- Since landowners already face cut
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4. Cumulative Effects AssessmentThe
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Assessment, Planning, and Monitorin
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Spotted owl nesting sites and activ
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Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhance
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including wildlife. In other cases,
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Currently, the Yakima Indian Nation
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where timber harvest is limited to
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III.A. Recovery Objective and Delis
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4. The population is unlikely to ne
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Needs of other species should be co
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years. The strategy of managing for
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't0
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Finally, the plan recommends mainta
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A total of 1,181 pairs of owls has
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DKnown owlsin the OregonprovincesKn
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mologists, and representatives of o
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this prey species is an appropriate
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After 100 years residual snags will
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2. Fuelwood Gathering. If allowed,
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The application of prescriptions A,
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owls. (Refer to tables in section I
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PRESCRIPTION D -RETAIN OWLS IN MANA
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126
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DCA Management Plans.The recovery p
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Endangered Species Act) or through
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6. Costs to landowners should be re
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The real or perceived disincentives
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authority of the public body to ent
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* Use the recovery plan's recommend
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140
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Supplemental pair areas - Habitat d
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Numbers of owls currently are estim
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Biological goals and implementation
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ning. Also, several unsurveyed area
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Owl pairsKnown owlsin the province3
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- Initiate long-range planning effo
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Table 3.8. Summary comments on the
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from nonfederal lands are needed to
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Eastern Washington Cascades Provinc
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(Owl pairs140 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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habitat in DCA WD- 16. Approximatel
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Table 3.12. Summary comments on the
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Ttllwrnook/Astoria area. Provide su
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connectivity between key DCAs. This
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ITable 3.14. Summary comments on th
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crest of the Cascade Mountains. The
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sites on federal lands (figure 3.21
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Owl pairsL I 350- _ _ . ...........
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DCAs, often combined with adjacent
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Owl pairsLiKnown owlsin the provinc
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nesting and roosting habitat until
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Option 3: Management of clusters: g
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Table 3.21. Summary of acreage and
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Owl pairs -Known owlsin the provinc
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and to within 0.5 miles of the acti
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Spotted owls have been found at 86
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their distance from other sites. Ar
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* Recommend population and habitat
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away in some or all of the range. D
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4. What are the population dynamics
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If the monitoring and research prog
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lowlands, eastern Oregon Cascades,
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210
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Stepdown Outline1. Management Tasks
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Table 4.1 Abbreviated Cost TableThe
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continued-TaskPriorityResp. PartyCo
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218
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220
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and the number of invertebrate anim
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Table 5.2. Numbers of other species
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Amphibians and Reptiles: Larch Moun
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228
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230
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Barrows, C. W. 1980. Feeding ecolog
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Clark, R. J., D. G. Smith, and L. H
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Franklin, A. B., J. A. Blakesley, a
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Harestad, A. S., and F. L. Bunnell.
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Lundquist, R. W. and J. M. Mariani.
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O'Halloran, K. 1989. Spotted owl in
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Solis, D. M. 1980. Habitat use by n
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Young, K. D., A. B. Franklin, and J
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248
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250
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Table A.1. General approaches for e
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complete count of the territorial b
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Table A.3. Powera for various desig
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Table A.4. Illustration of a Markov
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Obviously, these statements hold on
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Table A.6. Reliability of trend est
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Demographic AnalysisAs noted earlie
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the estimate (using the simple equa
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however, we know little about the b
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Table A.8. Summary of information n
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predict the power achieved by diffe
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Other studiestached. If dispersing
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impractical at present. We describe
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Conclusionsthe year effect can be i
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280
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282
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284
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owls. Consequently, the issue of wh
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Use of the informationAssessments a
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Recent LiteratureWe might begin by
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Kerms (1989) measured habitat struc
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Hamer (pers. comm.) described 11 ne
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Table B.3. Percent hardwoods in the
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Table B.5. Comparison of habitats u
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Table B.8. Tree density (number of
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and numbers of trees, and percent o
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Under this hypothesis, owl fitness
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suitable habitat for that region (m
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ResultsDiscussionspotted owl habita
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__Discussiondata from 41 sites in t
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Recommendations for Future Research
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314
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Hamer, T. 1988. Home range size of
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318
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320
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Parameter Estimatesfor Individual S
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provided in Table C. 5. Study of th
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Table C.6. Summary of statistics re
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3. ConclusionsThis source of bias i
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Page 348 and 349: Gray Wolf .........................
Page 350 and 351: formed during the initial meeting t
Page 352 and 353: provide habitat for the numerous sp
Page 354 and 355: The ApproachA committee of the Reco
Page 356 and 357: The List of Threatened and Endanger
Page 358 and 359: Mammalsoldest trees in a stand. Eig
Page 360 and 361: ABBFigure D. 1. Distribution of: a)
Page 362 and 363: KTable D.3. A list of threatened an
Page 364 and 365: Fishestheir dispersal capabilities
Page 366 and 367: OlympicNorthcoastalRockyMountainSou
Page 368 and 369: continued-StatusabState Considered
Page 370 and 371: continued-SpeciesColumbia sidebandM
Page 372 and 373: endemic to the Pacific Northwest).
Page 374 and 375: ------continued-SpeciesRhyacophila
Page 376 and 377: continued-SpeciesFed3tatusa bStateW
Page 378 and 379: StatusasbOld ForestState Associatio
Page 380 and 381: Summaryspores (Maser et al. 1978b).
Page 382 and 383: Biology of Owl Prey, Older Forest A
Page 384 and 385: Woodrats.-The dusky-footed woodrat
Page 386 and 387: and are less restrictive under stat
Page 388 and 389: Stock concept.-The term "stock" was
Page 390 and 391: Table D.10. List of fish stocks of
Page 392 and 393: continued-Steelhead-owipu Sea-runTr
Page 394 and 395: continued-BasinHoodWillametteRogueS
Page 398 and 399: inland distribution currently decre
Page 400 and 401: nesting territories in the three st
Page 402 and 403: However, little is known about the
Page 404 and 405: Fisher (Martes penncmti)Distributio
Page 406 and 407: at one time supported marten popula
Page 408 and 409: each population of these animals is
Page 410 and 411: species also is found under the bar
Page 412 and 413: few meters from water after heavy r
Page 414 and 415: In considering the needs of other s
Page 416 and 417: Barrows, C. W. 1981. Roost selectio
Page 418 and 419: Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Dougl
Page 420 and 421: Hamer, T. E. 1991. Habitat relation
Page 422 and 423: Mannan, R. W., E. C. Meslow, and H.
Page 424 and 425: Oakley, A. L., Collins, J. A., Ever
Page 426 and 427: Solis, D. M. 1983. Summer habitat e
Page 428 and 429: Washington Natural Heritage Program
Page 430 and 431: 414
Page 432 and 433: f. Wilderness.g. Livestock grazing.
Page 434 and 435: I. Monitoring.1. Northern spotted o
Page 436 and 437: 420
Page 438 and 439: here will reduce some of that habit
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Page 444 and 445: Selection of Forest TypesAt the tim
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eceive as little as 25 inches. Disc
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A. FireThe combination and interact
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Table F.4. Important forest insects
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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D. DiseasesForest diseases in the P
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III. Forest Protection in theWest C
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120 100200 500I~~~~.K446Figure F.4.
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InsectsDiseasesInsects in this subr
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__hardwoods are immune. Shade toler
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pests (Schowalter 1988). Black stai
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tion and initial attack. If manipul
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log and snag density was likely low
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B. Management Effects on StandsMana
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units (underburning or lop/scatter)
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In the higher elevation White Fir a
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growth often increases (Reinhardt a
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50rcc4*0-cC)2M CmZ13010-yearI ,...*
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In the East Cascades subregion fore
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The introduced disease, white pine
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VI. Conclusionsmortality will resul
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Baker, F.A. 1988. The influence of
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Habeck, J.R. 1990. Old-growth ponde
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Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 199
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Weatherspoon, C.P., and C.N. Skinne
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482
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484
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area, structure, ages, location; ne
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Stand AFigure G.2. A--unthmnned Dou
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figure 0.3. Effects of thinning Dou
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II. Review of Natural Vegetation an
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western hemlock, and sometimes othe
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year intervals (Appendix F). With t
Page 514 and 515:
Live crown ratiobecent)6050IStand A
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Basal area growth continued to incr
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technology probably will allow some
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Stand A. No activities (west side 3
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Stand A. No activities (west side o
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acre, 4 to 12 inches in diameter),
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allow redwood sprout clumps maximum
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KAge 15 years - 511 trees per acre,
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6Stems per acre100 _ Stand A. Natur
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Basal Area(square feetper acre)50 1
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* Opening the canopy in small patch
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Drew, T.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 197
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Miller, R.E.; D.L. Reukema, and R.L
Page 540 and 541:
Tappeiner, J.C., P.M. McDonald, and
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526
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528
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6. Timber supply curve and economic
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scientifically credible biological
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E. Summary of Preliminary Estimates
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II. General Economic Principles for
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practices may be able to show how s
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Economic patterns show the efficien
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The sustainable yield concept that
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A. Previously Estimated Economic Co
Page 562 and 563:
County receipts were estimated to d
Page 564 and 565:
B. Potential Social Costs of Owl Co
Page 566 and 567:
The contrast between the behavior d
Page 568 and 569:
0U1 n1nDTable H.2. Economic depende
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cḻlTable H.4. Economic characteri
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An analysis completed by the State
Page 574 and 575:
V. Preliminary Evaluation of the Ec
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25-° 20/0M 15-a)CLU)0 10-0CL 5 -0)
Page 578 and 579:
25 -- 20-0co/o 15--Da)a0a)10m~ C) 5
Page 580 and 581:
forestlands. The costs of productio
Page 582 and 583:
In Figure H.8, the equilibrium betw
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foregone and the way they will save
Page 586 and 587:
The income created by the purchase
Page 588 and 589:
Two concepts are useful for underst
Page 590 and 591:
y an estimate of the price that wou
Page 592 and 593:
Table H.10. Comparison of timber em
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of the second year. The same assump
Page 596 and 597:
are generally much lower than for c
Page 598 and 599:
582
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studies at University of Washington
Page 602 and 603:
586
Page 604 and 605:
Most significant late successionall
Page 606 and 607:
to evaluate options. Information in
Page 608 and 609:
Q0Table 1.1. Estimated acres and ow
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soTable 1.3. Estimated acres and ow
Page 612 and 613:
01CDarTable 1.5. Size class distrib
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Table 1.8. Frequency distribution o
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Literature CitedThomas, J.W., E.D.
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602
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- The overlap of home ranges among
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Table J.2. Acreage and owl numbers
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continuedDCA Land AcreageIdent. Sta
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Table J.9. Acrea ?e and owl numbers
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continued-DCA LandIdent. StatusAcre
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-DCAIdent.LandStatusAcreageNRF Tota
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626
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Experience Includes: Assistant Dire
Page 646 and 647:
Education: B.S. in forestry from Or
Page 648 and 649:
Team SupportCharles Bruce, Oregon D
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continued-1 5-24-91 Other SpeciesSu
Page 652 and 653:
continued-9-16 thru9-20-919-19-91Sp
Page 654 and 655:
Perry, D. 1991. The ecology of coar
Page 656 and 657:
2mandate the achievement of recover
Page 658 and 659:
642
Page 660 and 661:
644
Page 662 and 663:
Aspect - the direction a slope face
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Congressionally classified and desi
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Empirical - derived from direct obs
Page 668 and 669:
Hummocky - a landscape characterize
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Mixed conifer - as used in this doc
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Potential habitat - a stand of tree
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Sensitive species - those species t
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Take -Uunder the Endangered Species
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wild, scenic, or recreational by an
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Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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