Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

continued-Statusa.bOld ForestState Associationc Endemcid Priority RiparianSpecies Fed WA OR CA WA OR CA L B Species Associate References"'Columbia yellow-cress C2 CRorippa columbiaeTamalpais streptanthusC2Streptanthus batrachopusPit River jewelflowerC2Streptanthus ssp.Oat grass + 1Festuca californicaBedstraw + 1Gallium aparineIris + 1Iris tenuissimaMelic grass + 1Melica subulataSnowberry + 1Symphoricarpus mollisFungi and Lichens:No common name +Elaphomyces granulatusNo common name +Elaphomyces muricatusNo common name +Hysterangium crassirhachisNo common name +Hysterangium setcheli:No common name +Rhizopogon atroviolaceusNo common name +Tuber rufumrNo common name S +Oxyporus nobilissimusNo common name S 2Lobaria oregana orpulmonariaWA = Washington OR = Oregon CA = CaliforniaaFederal status: E = endangered, C candidate, C1 = category 1 candidate, taxa for which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has sufficient informationto support a proposal to list as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. C2 = category 2 candidate, U S. Fish and Wildlife Servicecandidates that need additional information to propose as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act C3 = taxa which have proven tobe more abundant or widespread than previously believed and/or which have no identifiable threats. This status is based only on the most recentlypublished Candidate Notice of Review.State status: CA: E = endangered, T = threatened, R = rare; WA: E = endangered, T = threatened, S = sensitive: OR: C = critical. Sources (State):Califomia Department of Fish and Game (1991b), Oregon Natural Heritage Program (1991), Washington Natural Heritage Program (1990).c+ = old-growth associated, * = close old-growth associated, ? = species not studied or data insufficient (see Ruggiero et al. 1991)dEndemic: L = local, B = broadly (see Ruggiero et al. (1991) for definition and list of endemic species).eReferences: 1) Bruce Bingham, Old-growth Douglas-fir Program, USFS, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Arcata, California (see administrativerecord). 2) Ruggiero et al. 1991.genus Lobariri occur primarily in the canopy of coniferous forests, and theirabundance in these canopies becomes greater as a stand develops into an oldgrowthforest. These organisms are characteristic of older forests in the PacificNorthwest and provide important food for several animal species, most notablyungulates and northern flying squirrels. These food sources are particularlyimportant during the winter when other foods are scarce. The most noblepolypore (Oxyporus nobiltssinius) has been found only three times and wasassociated with older forests on each occasion.The role of mycorrhizal fungi in coniferous forests is important to ecosystemfunction (Trappe and Fogel 1977) because of the symbiotic relationship betweentruffle fungi and the roots of vascular plants. Each organism derives abenefit from the relationship: the fungi take up nutrients such as potassium,phosphorus, nitrogen, and sodium, and these are translocated to the associatedconiferous trees. Conversely, the fungi depend on the host tree forphytosynthates of carbon. Small animals eat truffle fungi and disperse their363