Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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Table B.5. Comparison of habitats used by northern spotted owls for roosting andforaging in the Klamath Province of California.Sisco &Structural Gulterrez Bingham et al.feature Solis (1983) (1984) (1991)Value Roost- Forag- Roost- Forag- Roost- Forag-Ing Ing Ing Ing Ing" Ing"Trees/ac 5-20" 128 133 196 135 87 92 86 93by dbh 20-35" 15 15 13 14 37 39 38 35class >35" 16 12 10 11 17 18 18 178 7 8 7.CanopyClosure % 93 88 - - 83 85 84 80Snags/acby dbh >5" 16 19 19 18 30 33 34 35class >20 5 3 - -'First column is for breeding seasons, second column is for non-breeding season.Table B.6. Comparison of habitats used by northernspotted owls for nesting and roosting in the Coastal Provinceof California.Structuralfeature Value Nesting RoostingTrees/ac by 4-16" 140 229dbh class >16" 61 52CanopyClosure Percent 86 84Logs/ac>10" atlarge end 59 53Source. Pious (1989).2'
iTable B.7. Comparison of structural features at nest sites and throughout neststands used by northern spotted owls.A. Klamath and California Coast provinces(data from LaHaye 1988)Sturctural Nest Nestfeature Value site standCanopyClosure % 81 74Trees per 11-24" 63 42acre 25-36" 17 3by dbh >36" 6 1classBasal area ofsnags by dbh >15" 23 14aft2acB. California Coast (data from Folliard andReese 1991, and Diller and Folliard, pers.comm.)Structural Nest Nestfeature Value site standCanopyClosure% 92 94B. continued-Structural Nest Nestfeature Value site stand% of live 16"871406419378 5813 7Trees peracreby dbhclass5-10"11 -20"21-36">36"81 13651 5723 187 2continues-No. of snagsper acre 0part of the Klamath province in California. In all studies, the average numberof trees decreased as diameter increased (i.e., in the 'reversed J" patterndiscussed in Appendix G). The hardwood understory was well-developed inutilized sites in California but was essentially absent in utilized sites elsewhere.Average snag density in utilized sites was similar to average snag density inold-growth sites except in the California Coast province where few snagsoccurred in utilized sites. Average values were similar for nesting, roosting,and foraging sites. No major differences were apparent between averagevalues for sites and for stands containing the sites.Review of Tables B.2 through B.9 indicates that information from California ismuch more complete than information from Oregon and Washington. Thework by Allen et al. (1989) on roosting and foraging sites in the OlympicPeninsula and western Washington Cascades provinces and by Buchanan(1991) on nest sites in the eastern Washington Cascades are the only extensivestudies yet reported. Additional information for Oregon and Washington willbe available soon from studies currently in progress. Studies in the OregonKlamath, Oregon Coast Range, and eastern Oregon Cascades provinces alsowould be valuable.299
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I 1.2:Sp 6/draftRecovery Plan for t
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List of FiguresTable 4.1 Abbreviate
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Recovery ObjectiveSecretary of the
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Management Rules for Designated Con
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Monitoring and Research ProgramThe
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Chapter IIntroduction1
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"Threatened species" means a specie
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B. The Interagency Scientific Commi
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lished works and many government do
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II.A. Natural History of theNorther
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I- \IzXelT - - -.11 I..., ... I.."
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spring. Territories probably are sm
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Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentil
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also use a variety of nest sites in
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Home Range SizeHome range is define
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Table 2.2. Median amounts of old-gr
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3. Life Historycannot reject the hy
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Dispersal1984, Thomas et al. 1990,
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4. ConclusionOur knowledge of the n
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Ca n a d aEastern Washington Cascad
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Table 2.3. Estimated spotted owl ha
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Table 2.4. Significant threats to t
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Table 2.5. Results of surveys for s
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isolated. In these provinces, small
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centers for 30 to 35 spotted owl te
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Southwest Washington occupies a key
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Distribution of Habitat and Populat
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Province Isolation. The eastern Was
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were in suitable habitat condition.
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Estimated acres of forest landbase:
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owned and contain little suitable h
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Vulnerability to Natural Disturbanc
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Douglas-fir/hardwood types, the lat
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miles from the contiguous populatio
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In comparison, the southern part of
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Sacramento River Canyon now provide
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On January 11, 1980, there was an a
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vation Strategy for the Northern Sp
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transfer of one area to the Grand R
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The BLM Spokane (Washington) Distri
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3. National Park ServiceThe followi
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The results of a consultation are s
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- Since landowners already face cut
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4. Cumulative Effects AssessmentThe
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Assessment, Planning, and Monitorin
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Spotted owl nesting sites and activ
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Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhance
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including wildlife. In other cases,
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Currently, the Yakima Indian Nation
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where timber harvest is limited to
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III.A. Recovery Objective and Delis
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4. The population is unlikely to ne
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Needs of other species should be co
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years. The strategy of managing for
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't0
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Finally, the plan recommends mainta
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A total of 1,181 pairs of owls has
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DKnown owlsin the OregonprovincesKn
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mologists, and representatives of o
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this prey species is an appropriate
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After 100 years residual snags will
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2. Fuelwood Gathering. If allowed,
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The application of prescriptions A,
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owls. (Refer to tables in section I
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PRESCRIPTION D -RETAIN OWLS IN MANA
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126
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DCA Management Plans.The recovery p
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Endangered Species Act) or through
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6. Costs to landowners should be re
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The real or perceived disincentives
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authority of the public body to ent
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* Use the recovery plan's recommend
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140
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Supplemental pair areas - Habitat d
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Numbers of owls currently are estim
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Biological goals and implementation
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ning. Also, several unsurveyed area
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Owl pairsKnown owlsin the province3
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- Initiate long-range planning effo
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Table 3.8. Summary comments on the
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from nonfederal lands are needed to
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Eastern Washington Cascades Provinc
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(Owl pairs140 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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habitat in DCA WD- 16. Approximatel
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Table 3.12. Summary comments on the
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Ttllwrnook/Astoria area. Provide su
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connectivity between key DCAs. This
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ITable 3.14. Summary comments on th
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crest of the Cascade Mountains. The
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sites on federal lands (figure 3.21
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Owl pairsL I 350- _ _ . ...........
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DCAs, often combined with adjacent
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Owl pairsLiKnown owlsin the provinc
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nesting and roosting habitat until
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Option 3: Management of clusters: g
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Table 3.21. Summary of acreage and
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Owl pairs -Known owlsin the provinc
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and to within 0.5 miles of the acti
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Spotted owls have been found at 86
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their distance from other sites. Ar
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* Recommend population and habitat
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away in some or all of the range. D
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4. What are the population dynamics
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If the monitoring and research prog
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lowlands, eastern Oregon Cascades,
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210
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Stepdown Outline1. Management Tasks
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Table 4.1 Abbreviated Cost TableThe
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continued-TaskPriorityResp. PartyCo
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218
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220
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and the number of invertebrate anim
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Table 5.2. Numbers of other species
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Amphibians and Reptiles: Larch Moun
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228
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230
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Barrows, C. W. 1980. Feeding ecolog
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Clark, R. J., D. G. Smith, and L. H
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Franklin, A. B., J. A. Blakesley, a
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Harestad, A. S., and F. L. Bunnell.
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Lundquist, R. W. and J. M. Mariani.
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O'Halloran, K. 1989. Spotted owl in
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Solis, D. M. 1980. Habitat use by n
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Young, K. D., A. B. Franklin, and J
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Page 268 and 269: Table A.1. General approaches for e
Page 270 and 271: complete count of the territorial b
Page 272 and 273: Table A.3. Powera for various desig
Page 274 and 275: Table A.4. Illustration of a Markov
Page 276 and 277: Obviously, these statements hold on
Page 278 and 279: Table A.6. Reliability of trend est
Page 280 and 281: Demographic AnalysisAs noted earlie
Page 282 and 283: the estimate (using the simple equa
Page 284 and 285: however, we know little about the b
Page 286 and 287: Table A.8. Summary of information n
Page 288 and 289: predict the power achieved by diffe
Page 290 and 291: Other studiestached. If dispersing
Page 292 and 293: impractical at present. We describe
Page 294 and 295: Conclusionsthe year effect can be i
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Page 302 and 303: owls. Consequently, the issue of wh
Page 304 and 305: Use of the informationAssessments a
Page 306 and 307: Recent LiteratureWe might begin by
Page 308 and 309: Kerms (1989) measured habitat struc
Page 310 and 311: Hamer (pers. comm.) described 11 ne
Page 312 and 313: Table B.3. Percent hardwoods in the
Page 316 and 317: Table B.8. Tree density (number of
Page 318 and 319: and numbers of trees, and percent o
Page 320 and 321: Under this hypothesis, owl fitness
Page 322 and 323: suitable habitat for that region (m
Page 324 and 325: ResultsDiscussionspotted owl habita
Page 326 and 327: __Discussiondata from 41 sites in t
Page 328 and 329: Recommendations for Future Research
Page 330 and 331: 314
Page 332 and 333: Hamer, T. 1988. Home range size of
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Page 338 and 339: Parameter Estimatesfor Individual S
Page 340 and 341: provided in Table C. 5. Study of th
Page 342 and 343: Table C.6. Summary of statistics re
Page 344 and 345: 3. ConclusionsThis source of bias i
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Page 348 and 349: Gray Wolf .........................
Page 350 and 351: formed during the initial meeting t
Page 352 and 353: provide habitat for the numerous sp
Page 354 and 355: The ApproachA committee of the Reco
Page 356 and 357: The List of Threatened and Endanger
Page 358 and 359: Mammalsoldest trees in a stand. Eig
Page 360 and 361: ABBFigure D. 1. Distribution of: a)
Page 362 and 363: KTable D.3. A list of threatened an
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Fishestheir dispersal capabilities
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OlympicNorthcoastalRockyMountainSou
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continued-StatusabState Considered
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continued-SpeciesColumbia sidebandM
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endemic to the Pacific Northwest).
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------continued-SpeciesRhyacophila
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continued-SpeciesFed3tatusa bStateW
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StatusasbOld ForestState Associatio
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Summaryspores (Maser et al. 1978b).
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Biology of Owl Prey, Older Forest A
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Woodrats.-The dusky-footed woodrat
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and are less restrictive under stat
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Stock concept.-The term "stock" was
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Table D.10. List of fish stocks of
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continued-Steelhead-owipu Sea-runTr
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continued-BasinHoodWillametteRogueS
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Table D.13. Washington streams (or
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inland distribution currently decre
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nesting territories in the three st
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However, little is known about the
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Fisher (Martes penncmti)Distributio
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at one time supported marten popula
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each population of these animals is
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species also is found under the bar
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few meters from water after heavy r
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In considering the needs of other s
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Barrows, C. W. 1981. Roost selectio
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Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Dougl
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Hamer, T. E. 1991. Habitat relation
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Mannan, R. W., E. C. Meslow, and H.
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Oakley, A. L., Collins, J. A., Ever
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Solis, D. M. 1983. Summer habitat e
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Washington Natural Heritage Program
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414
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f. Wilderness.g. Livestock grazing.
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I. Monitoring.1. Northern spotted o
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420
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here will reduce some of that habit
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424
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426
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Selection of Forest TypesAt the tim
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eceive as little as 25 inches. Disc
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A. FireThe combination and interact
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Table F.4. Important forest insects
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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D. DiseasesForest diseases in the P
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III. Forest Protection in theWest C
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120 100200 500I~~~~.K446Figure F.4.
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InsectsDiseasesInsects in this subr
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__hardwoods are immune. Shade toler
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pests (Schowalter 1988). Black stai
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tion and initial attack. If manipul
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log and snag density was likely low
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B. Management Effects on StandsMana
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units (underburning or lop/scatter)
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In the higher elevation White Fir a
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growth often increases (Reinhardt a
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50rcc4*0-cC)2M CmZ13010-yearI ,...*
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In the East Cascades subregion fore
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The introduced disease, white pine
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VI. Conclusionsmortality will resul
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Baker, F.A. 1988. The influence of
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Habeck, J.R. 1990. Old-growth ponde
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Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 199
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Weatherspoon, C.P., and C.N. Skinne
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482
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484
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area, structure, ages, location; ne
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Stand AFigure G.2. A--unthmnned Dou
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figure 0.3. Effects of thinning Dou
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II. Review of Natural Vegetation an
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western hemlock, and sometimes othe
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year intervals (Appendix F). With t
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Live crown ratiobecent)6050IStand A
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Basal area growth continued to incr
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technology probably will allow some
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Stand A. No activities (west side 3
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Stand A. No activities (west side o
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acre, 4 to 12 inches in diameter),
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allow redwood sprout clumps maximum
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KAge 15 years - 511 trees per acre,
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6Stems per acre100 _ Stand A. Natur
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Basal Area(square feetper acre)50 1
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* Opening the canopy in small patch
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Drew, T.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 197
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Miller, R.E.; D.L. Reukema, and R.L
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Tappeiner, J.C., P.M. McDonald, and
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526
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528
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6. Timber supply curve and economic
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scientifically credible biological
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E. Summary of Preliminary Estimates
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II. General Economic Principles for
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practices may be able to show how s
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Economic patterns show the efficien
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The sustainable yield concept that
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A. Previously Estimated Economic Co
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County receipts were estimated to d
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B. Potential Social Costs of Owl Co
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The contrast between the behavior d
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0U1 n1nDTable H.2. Economic depende
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cḻlTable H.4. Economic characteri
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An analysis completed by the State
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V. Preliminary Evaluation of the Ec
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25-° 20/0M 15-a)CLU)0 10-0CL 5 -0)
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25 -- 20-0co/o 15--Da)a0a)10m~ C) 5
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forestlands. The costs of productio
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In Figure H.8, the equilibrium betw
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foregone and the way they will save
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The income created by the purchase
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Two concepts are useful for underst
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y an estimate of the price that wou
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Table H.10. Comparison of timber em
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of the second year. The same assump
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are generally much lower than for c
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582
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studies at University of Washington
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586
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Most significant late successionall
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to evaluate options. Information in
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Q0Table 1.1. Estimated acres and ow
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soTable 1.3. Estimated acres and ow
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01CDarTable 1.5. Size class distrib
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Table 1.8. Frequency distribution o
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Literature CitedThomas, J.W., E.D.
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602
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- The overlap of home ranges among
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Table J.2. Acreage and owl numbers
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continuedDCA Land AcreageIdent. Sta
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Table J.9. Acrea ?e and owl numbers
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continued-DCA LandIdent. StatusAcre
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-DCAIdent.LandStatusAcreageNRF Tota
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626
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Experience Includes: Assistant Dire
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Education: B.S. in forestry from Or
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Team SupportCharles Bruce, Oregon D
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continued-1 5-24-91 Other SpeciesSu
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continued-9-16 thru9-20-919-19-91Sp
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Perry, D. 1991. The ecology of coar
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2mandate the achievement of recover
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642
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644
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Aspect - the direction a slope face
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Congressionally classified and desi
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Empirical - derived from direct obs
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Hummocky - a landscape characterize
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Mixed conifer - as used in this doc
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Potential habitat - a stand of tree
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Sensitive species - those species t
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Take -Uunder the Endangered Species
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wild, scenic, or recreational by an
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Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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