Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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Owl pairs -Known owlsin the provinceKnown owlsin DCAsNonfederal landFederal landFigure 3.25. Known owl pairs in the California Klamath province and inDCAs within the province.< I.............................................................. 11 .... I......-....... ............ ..........................-Acres (thousands)4,500- _ _4,000. -LiTotal acresin the province3,500.- _________________3,000- _2,500-_2,000- . .....g ~~~1,000- ,,lF.Xii*::::-,,_Acres in DCAsNonfederal land 1 Federal land NRF habitaFigure 3.26. Acres in the California Klamath province and in DCAs within the province.'Management of nonfederal lands within the perimeter of designated conservation areas is discussed in the narrative.2 NRF habitat = nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat. This information is available only for federal land.t 2I I'll, I ........... ... I 1.1", 11 ",.... 1 .- 1. 111 .I 11.1.111, I I ... I ...I................- ...................190
Managing for a new cluster on state, private, and BLM lands in eastern TrinityCounty would enhance recovery. This cluster would provide stronger demographicsupport in this part of the province and better connectivity across thesouthern end of the Trinity Alps to the California Cascades province.Implementation options on nonfederal landsNumerous alternatives exist for achieving recovery goals on nonfederal lands inthe California Kiamath province. There are substantial reserves of publiclands, and the recommendations for federal DCAs incorporate most of them.One large private timberland owner has committed to a management planincorporating extensive owl surveys to ensure that owls will not be taken as aresult of the landowner's timber operations. A number of other timberlandowners in the province voluntarily practice partial entry or uneven-age managementwhich lessens impact to owl habitat. Other timberland owners haveexpressed an interest in developing comprehensive owl management plans fortheir ownerships, in compliance with the current state forest practices rules.The large number of owl sites in the area is an incentive for developing theseplans, as is the state-sponsored HCP, which could benefit smaller acreagelandowners in the province.Forest practices rules would have to be amended to require specific habitatretention standards, different practices in different 'zones," and long-termplans. Forest practices rules currently provide for long-term plans on nonindustrialownerships only. The state-sponsored habitat conservation plan (HCP)is underway and addressing these issues. The HCP is expected to be completedin early 1993.The extensive checkerboard ownership pattern in the province offers greaterflexibility to explore land exchanges.Land acquisition is likely to be less attractive, since many of the timberlandowners also own processing facilities that depend on a stable timber base.The feasibility and likelihood of early implementation of actions to achieve therecovery goals will increase if landowners are given greater flexibility to designateareas for maintaining nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for supportingDCAs, but this may require greater effort in monitoring and establishmentof more stringent initial objectives.Four options are presented for achieving recovery goals. The options are notexhaustive, and other options may be appropriate if they achieve equivalent orbetter protection for the owl. Other options might provide for more generallandscape level habitat management, protection for other species and longtermmanagement. Given the differences in land ownership and specificconservation needs throughout the province, it is possible that some combinationof the options eventually will be implemented. All options must be evaluatedbased on the likelihood that they will achieve recovery goals when fullyimplemented.Option 1: Management of owl sites adjacent tofederal DCAsThis option would consolidate DCAs on federal land through the inclusion ofinholdings in the western zone. Inholdings would be managed to create andmaintain suitable owl habitat. The option would offer nonfederal support tocategory 2 DCAs and reserved pair areas in the eastern and southern zones,using sites less than, or equal to, 3 miles from the current DCA boundary, andall sites within the DCA boundary. Sites used for supporting federal areaswould have specified locations (e.g., confine site location to a specific drainage191
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I 1.2:Sp 6/draftRecovery Plan for t
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List of FiguresTable 4.1 Abbreviate
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Recovery ObjectiveSecretary of the
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Management Rules for Designated Con
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Monitoring and Research ProgramThe
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Chapter IIntroduction1
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"Threatened species" means a specie
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B. The Interagency Scientific Commi
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lished works and many government do
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II.A. Natural History of theNorther
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I- \IzXelT - - -.11 I..., ... I.."
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spring. Territories probably are sm
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Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentil
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also use a variety of nest sites in
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Home Range SizeHome range is define
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Table 2.2. Median amounts of old-gr
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3. Life Historycannot reject the hy
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Dispersal1984, Thomas et al. 1990,
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4. ConclusionOur knowledge of the n
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Ca n a d aEastern Washington Cascad
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Table 2.3. Estimated spotted owl ha
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Table 2.4. Significant threats to t
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Table 2.5. Results of surveys for s
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isolated. In these provinces, small
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centers for 30 to 35 spotted owl te
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Southwest Washington occupies a key
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Distribution of Habitat and Populat
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Province Isolation. The eastern Was
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were in suitable habitat condition.
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Estimated acres of forest landbase:
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owned and contain little suitable h
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Vulnerability to Natural Disturbanc
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Douglas-fir/hardwood types, the lat
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miles from the contiguous populatio
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In comparison, the southern part of
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Sacramento River Canyon now provide
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On January 11, 1980, there was an a
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vation Strategy for the Northern Sp
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transfer of one area to the Grand R
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The BLM Spokane (Washington) Distri
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3. National Park ServiceThe followi
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The results of a consultation are s
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- Since landowners already face cut
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4. Cumulative Effects AssessmentThe
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Assessment, Planning, and Monitorin
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Spotted owl nesting sites and activ
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Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhance
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including wildlife. In other cases,
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Currently, the Yakima Indian Nation
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where timber harvest is limited to
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III.A. Recovery Objective and Delis
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4. The population is unlikely to ne
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Needs of other species should be co
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years. The strategy of managing for
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't0
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Finally, the plan recommends mainta
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A total of 1,181 pairs of owls has
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DKnown owlsin the OregonprovincesKn
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mologists, and representatives of o
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this prey species is an appropriate
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After 100 years residual snags will
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2. Fuelwood Gathering. If allowed,
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The application of prescriptions A,
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owls. (Refer to tables in section I
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PRESCRIPTION D -RETAIN OWLS IN MANA
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126
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DCA Management Plans.The recovery p
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Endangered Species Act) or through
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6. Costs to landowners should be re
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The real or perceived disincentives
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authority of the public body to ent
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* Use the recovery plan's recommend
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Page 158 and 159: Supplemental pair areas - Habitat d
Page 160 and 161: Numbers of owls currently are estim
Page 162 and 163: Biological goals and implementation
Page 164 and 165: ning. Also, several unsurveyed area
Page 166 and 167: Owl pairsKnown owlsin the province3
Page 168 and 169: - Initiate long-range planning effo
Page 170 and 171: Table 3.8. Summary comments on the
Page 172 and 173: from nonfederal lands are needed to
Page 174 and 175: Eastern Washington Cascades Provinc
Page 176 and 177: (Owl pairs140 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Page 178 and 179: habitat in DCA WD- 16. Approximatel
Page 180 and 181: Table 3.12. Summary comments on the
Page 182 and 183: Ttllwrnook/Astoria area. Provide su
Page 184 and 185: connectivity between key DCAs. This
Page 186 and 187: ITable 3.14. Summary comments on th
Page 188 and 189: crest of the Cascade Mountains. The
Page 192 and 193: sites on federal lands (figure 3.21
Page 194 and 195: Owl pairsL I 350- _ _ . ...........
Page 196 and 197: DCAs, often combined with adjacent
Page 198 and 199: Owl pairsLiKnown owlsin the provinc
Page 200 and 201: nesting and roosting habitat until
Page 202 and 203: Option 3: Management of clusters: g
Page 204 and 205: Table 3.21. Summary of acreage and
Page 208 and 209: and to within 0.5 miles of the acti
Page 210 and 211: Spotted owls have been found at 86
Page 214 and 215: their distance from other sites. Ar
Page 216 and 217: * Recommend population and habitat
Page 218 and 219: away in some or all of the range. D
Page 220 and 221: 4. What are the population dynamics
Page 222 and 223: If the monitoring and research prog
Page 224 and 225: lowlands, eastern Oregon Cascades,
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Page 228 and 229: Stepdown Outline1. Management Tasks
Page 230 and 231: Table 4.1 Abbreviated Cost TableThe
Page 232 and 233: continued-TaskPriorityResp. PartyCo
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Page 236 and 237: 220
Page 238 and 239: and the number of invertebrate anim
Page 240 and 241: Table 5.2. Numbers of other species
Page 242 and 243: Amphibians and Reptiles: Larch Moun
Page 244 and 245: 228
Page 246 and 247: 230
Page 248 and 249: Barrows, C. W. 1980. Feeding ecolog
Page 250 and 251: Clark, R. J., D. G. Smith, and L. H
Page 252 and 253: Franklin, A. B., J. A. Blakesley, a
Page 254 and 255: Harestad, A. S., and F. L. Bunnell.
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Lundquist, R. W. and J. M. Mariani.
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O'Halloran, K. 1989. Spotted owl in
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Solis, D. M. 1980. Habitat use by n
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Young, K. D., A. B. Franklin, and J
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248
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250
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Table A.1. General approaches for e
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complete count of the territorial b
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Table A.3. Powera for various desig
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Table A.4. Illustration of a Markov
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Obviously, these statements hold on
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Table A.6. Reliability of trend est
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Demographic AnalysisAs noted earlie
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the estimate (using the simple equa
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however, we know little about the b
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Table A.8. Summary of information n
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predict the power achieved by diffe
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Other studiestached. If dispersing
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impractical at present. We describe
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Conclusionsthe year effect can be i
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280
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282
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284
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owls. Consequently, the issue of wh
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Use of the informationAssessments a
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Recent LiteratureWe might begin by
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Kerms (1989) measured habitat struc
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Hamer (pers. comm.) described 11 ne
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Table B.3. Percent hardwoods in the
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Table B.5. Comparison of habitats u
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Table B.8. Tree density (number of
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and numbers of trees, and percent o
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Under this hypothesis, owl fitness
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suitable habitat for that region (m
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ResultsDiscussionspotted owl habita
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__Discussiondata from 41 sites in t
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Recommendations for Future Research
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314
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Hamer, T. 1988. Home range size of
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318
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320
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Parameter Estimatesfor Individual S
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provided in Table C. 5. Study of th
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Table C.6. Summary of statistics re
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3. ConclusionsThis source of bias i
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330
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Gray Wolf .........................
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formed during the initial meeting t
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provide habitat for the numerous sp
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The ApproachA committee of the Reco
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The List of Threatened and Endanger
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Mammalsoldest trees in a stand. Eig
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ABBFigure D. 1. Distribution of: a)
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KTable D.3. A list of threatened an
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Fishestheir dispersal capabilities
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OlympicNorthcoastalRockyMountainSou
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continued-StatusabState Considered
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continued-SpeciesColumbia sidebandM
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endemic to the Pacific Northwest).
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------continued-SpeciesRhyacophila
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continued-SpeciesFed3tatusa bStateW
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StatusasbOld ForestState Associatio
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Summaryspores (Maser et al. 1978b).
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Biology of Owl Prey, Older Forest A
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Woodrats.-The dusky-footed woodrat
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and are less restrictive under stat
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Stock concept.-The term "stock" was
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Table D.10. List of fish stocks of
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continued-Steelhead-owipu Sea-runTr
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continued-BasinHoodWillametteRogueS
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Table D.13. Washington streams (or
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inland distribution currently decre
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nesting territories in the three st
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However, little is known about the
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Fisher (Martes penncmti)Distributio
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at one time supported marten popula
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each population of these animals is
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species also is found under the bar
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few meters from water after heavy r
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In considering the needs of other s
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Barrows, C. W. 1981. Roost selectio
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Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Dougl
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Hamer, T. E. 1991. Habitat relation
Page 422 and 423:
Mannan, R. W., E. C. Meslow, and H.
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Oakley, A. L., Collins, J. A., Ever
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Solis, D. M. 1983. Summer habitat e
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Washington Natural Heritage Program
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414
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f. Wilderness.g. Livestock grazing.
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I. Monitoring.1. Northern spotted o
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420
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here will reduce some of that habit
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424
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426
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Selection of Forest TypesAt the tim
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eceive as little as 25 inches. Disc
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A. FireThe combination and interact
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Table F.4. Important forest insects
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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D. DiseasesForest diseases in the P
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III. Forest Protection in theWest C
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120 100200 500I~~~~.K446Figure F.4.
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InsectsDiseasesInsects in this subr
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__hardwoods are immune. Shade toler
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pests (Schowalter 1988). Black stai
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tion and initial attack. If manipul
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log and snag density was likely low
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B. Management Effects on StandsMana
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units (underburning or lop/scatter)
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In the higher elevation White Fir a
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growth often increases (Reinhardt a
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50rcc4*0-cC)2M CmZ13010-yearI ,...*
Page 484 and 485:
In the East Cascades subregion fore
Page 486 and 487:
The introduced disease, white pine
Page 488 and 489:
VI. Conclusionsmortality will resul
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Baker, F.A. 1988. The influence of
Page 492 and 493:
Habeck, J.R. 1990. Old-growth ponde
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Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 199
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Weatherspoon, C.P., and C.N. Skinne
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482
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484
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area, structure, ages, location; ne
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Stand AFigure G.2. A--unthmnned Dou
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figure 0.3. Effects of thinning Dou
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II. Review of Natural Vegetation an
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western hemlock, and sometimes othe
Page 512 and 513:
year intervals (Appendix F). With t
Page 514 and 515:
Live crown ratiobecent)6050IStand A
Page 516 and 517:
Basal area growth continued to incr
Page 518 and 519:
technology probably will allow some
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Stand A. No activities (west side 3
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Stand A. No activities (west side o
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acre, 4 to 12 inches in diameter),
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allow redwood sprout clumps maximum
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KAge 15 years - 511 trees per acre,
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6Stems per acre100 _ Stand A. Natur
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Basal Area(square feetper acre)50 1
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* Opening the canopy in small patch
Page 536 and 537:
Drew, T.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 197
Page 538 and 539:
Miller, R.E.; D.L. Reukema, and R.L
Page 540 and 541:
Tappeiner, J.C., P.M. McDonald, and
Page 542 and 543:
526
Page 544 and 545:
528
Page 546 and 547:
6. Timber supply curve and economic
Page 548 and 549:
scientifically credible biological
Page 550 and 551:
E. Summary of Preliminary Estimates
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II. General Economic Principles for
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practices may be able to show how s
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Economic patterns show the efficien
Page 558 and 559:
The sustainable yield concept that
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A. Previously Estimated Economic Co
Page 562 and 563:
County receipts were estimated to d
Page 564 and 565:
B. Potential Social Costs of Owl Co
Page 566 and 567:
The contrast between the behavior d
Page 568 and 569:
0U1 n1nDTable H.2. Economic depende
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cḻlTable H.4. Economic characteri
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An analysis completed by the State
Page 574 and 575:
V. Preliminary Evaluation of the Ec
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25-° 20/0M 15-a)CLU)0 10-0CL 5 -0)
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25 -- 20-0co/o 15--Da)a0a)10m~ C) 5
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forestlands. The costs of productio
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In Figure H.8, the equilibrium betw
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foregone and the way they will save
Page 586 and 587:
The income created by the purchase
Page 588 and 589:
Two concepts are useful for underst
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y an estimate of the price that wou
Page 592 and 593:
Table H.10. Comparison of timber em
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of the second year. The same assump
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are generally much lower than for c
Page 598 and 599:
582
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studies at University of Washington
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586
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Most significant late successionall
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to evaluate options. Information in
Page 608 and 609:
Q0Table 1.1. Estimated acres and ow
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soTable 1.3. Estimated acres and ow
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01CDarTable 1.5. Size class distrib
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Table 1.8. Frequency distribution o
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Literature CitedThomas, J.W., E.D.
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602
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- The overlap of home ranges among
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Table J.2. Acreage and owl numbers
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continuedDCA Land AcreageIdent. Sta
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Table J.9. Acrea ?e and owl numbers
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continued-DCA LandIdent. StatusAcre
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-DCAIdent.LandStatusAcreageNRF Tota
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626
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Experience Includes: Assistant Dire
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Education: B.S. in forestry from Or
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Team SupportCharles Bruce, Oregon D
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continued-1 5-24-91 Other SpeciesSu
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continued-9-16 thru9-20-919-19-91Sp
Page 654 and 655:
Perry, D. 1991. The ecology of coar
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2mandate the achievement of recover
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642
Page 660 and 661:
644
Page 662 and 663:
Aspect - the direction a slope face
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Congressionally classified and desi
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Empirical - derived from direct obs
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Hummocky - a landscape characterize
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Mixed conifer - as used in this doc
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Potential habitat - a stand of tree
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Sensitive species - those species t
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Take -Uunder the Endangered Species
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wild, scenic, or recreational by an
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Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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