Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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ITable 3.16. Summary comments on the designated conservation area (DCA)network in the eastern Oregon Cascades province. (Section III.C.2. and Appendix Iprovide further information on the criteria and process used to delineate theseareas.)DesignatedConservationAreaCommentsOD-2 This category 1 DCA, entirely on federal lands, supports more than 21owl pairs. It has a future capability of supporting 26 owl pairs.OD-41 through OD-45,OD51, andODA-59 through OD-65The scattered distribution of owls and owl habitaton the east side of the Cascades prevented delineating large DCAscapable of supporting 20 owl pairs either now, or in the future.tional forests and BLM lands compose the majority of the province. Unlike theCalifornia Klamath province, few spotted owl activity centers are known onprivate lands, though 34 percent of the province is in private ownership. Theseprivate lands are located at lower elevations intermixed with BLM lands in acheckerboard ownership pattern. A small amount of state forest land islocated in the province, including some state land within the perimeters ofrecommended DCAs. Despite the mixed ownership in the province, mostsuitable habitat currently exists on federal lands.Serious threats to the owl population in the Oregon Klamath province includeloss and fragmentation of habitat due to timber harvest and fires (Appendix F);a declining population as demonstrated in density study areas (Appendix C);and weak population connectivity within the province and with adjacentprovinces because of poor habitat conditions in areas of checkerboard ownerships.The area of checkerboard ownership in the north and east half of this provincehas been identified as a special emphasis area for recommendations on nonfederallands.Area of checkerboard ownership in the north and east half of the province:This area is of concern because: 1) nesting, roosting, and foraging habitathas been fragmented by timber harvest in checkerboard ownership areas;2) dispersal habitat has been reduced and fragmented by timber harvest;and 3) the risk of habitat loss to fire is high.Biological goals and implementation on federal landsUsing the design criteria for the DCA network, nine DCAs are recommendedwithin this province (Tables 3.17 and 3.18). Eight of the DCAs satisfy thecriteria for category 1 DCAs. Only OD-52 does not. Two of the category 1DCAs, OD-20 and OD-22, extend into California. Conversely, part of oneCalifornia Klamath province DCA (CD-5) extends slightly into Oregon. (Thedata for these DCAs that cross state boundaries are presented in the provincethat includes the majority of the land.)Currently there are 115 known pairs and 67 territorial singles on federal landswithin the nine DCAs. The DCAs contain about 32 percent of the known pair174
(IOwl pairsKnown owlsin the province120-_160-100-80-_l"Effl. 60-,Known owls 4021in DCAs20v0-Nonfederal landFederal landFigure 3.19. Known owl pairs in the eastern Oregon Cascades provinceand in DCAs within the province./6Acres (thousands)Total acresin the provinceAcres in DCAsNonfederal land' Federal land NRF habitat 2Figure 3.20. Acres in the eastern Oregon Cascades province and in DCAs within the province.'Management of nonfederal lands within the perimeter of designated conservation areas is discussed in the narrative.2 NRF habitat = nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat. This information is available only for federal land.. ... .. ... :..... 1.11, .. .. .. I.X V1,I 175
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I 1.2:Sp 6/draftRecovery Plan for t
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List of FiguresTable 4.1 Abbreviate
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Recovery ObjectiveSecretary of the
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Management Rules for Designated Con
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Monitoring and Research ProgramThe
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Chapter IIntroduction1
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"Threatened species" means a specie
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B. The Interagency Scientific Commi
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lished works and many government do
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II.A. Natural History of theNorther
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I- \IzXelT - - -.11 I..., ... I.."
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spring. Territories probably are sm
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Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentil
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also use a variety of nest sites in
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Home Range SizeHome range is define
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Table 2.2. Median amounts of old-gr
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3. Life Historycannot reject the hy
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Dispersal1984, Thomas et al. 1990,
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4. ConclusionOur knowledge of the n
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Ca n a d aEastern Washington Cascad
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Table 2.3. Estimated spotted owl ha
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Table 2.4. Significant threats to t
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Table 2.5. Results of surveys for s
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isolated. In these provinces, small
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centers for 30 to 35 spotted owl te
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Southwest Washington occupies a key
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Distribution of Habitat and Populat
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Province Isolation. The eastern Was
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were in suitable habitat condition.
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Estimated acres of forest landbase:
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owned and contain little suitable h
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Vulnerability to Natural Disturbanc
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Douglas-fir/hardwood types, the lat
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miles from the contiguous populatio
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In comparison, the southern part of
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Sacramento River Canyon now provide
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On January 11, 1980, there was an a
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vation Strategy for the Northern Sp
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transfer of one area to the Grand R
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The BLM Spokane (Washington) Distri
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3. National Park ServiceThe followi
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The results of a consultation are s
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- Since landowners already face cut
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4. Cumulative Effects AssessmentThe
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Assessment, Planning, and Monitorin
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Spotted owl nesting sites and activ
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Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhance
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including wildlife. In other cases,
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Currently, the Yakima Indian Nation
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where timber harvest is limited to
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III.A. Recovery Objective and Delis
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4. The population is unlikely to ne
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Needs of other species should be co
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years. The strategy of managing for
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't0
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Finally, the plan recommends mainta
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A total of 1,181 pairs of owls has
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DKnown owlsin the OregonprovincesKn
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mologists, and representatives of o
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this prey species is an appropriate
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After 100 years residual snags will
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2. Fuelwood Gathering. If allowed,
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The application of prescriptions A,
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owls. (Refer to tables in section I
Page 140 and 141: PRESCRIPTION D -RETAIN OWLS IN MANA
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Page 144 and 145: DCA Management Plans.The recovery p
Page 146 and 147: Endangered Species Act) or through
Page 148 and 149: 6. Costs to landowners should be re
Page 150 and 151: The real or perceived disincentives
Page 152 and 153: authority of the public body to ent
Page 154 and 155: * Use the recovery plan's recommend
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Page 158 and 159: Supplemental pair areas - Habitat d
Page 160 and 161: Numbers of owls currently are estim
Page 162 and 163: Biological goals and implementation
Page 164 and 165: ning. Also, several unsurveyed area
Page 166 and 167: Owl pairsKnown owlsin the province3
Page 168 and 169: - Initiate long-range planning effo
Page 170 and 171: Table 3.8. Summary comments on the
Page 172 and 173: from nonfederal lands are needed to
Page 174 and 175: Eastern Washington Cascades Provinc
Page 176 and 177: (Owl pairs140 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Page 178 and 179: habitat in DCA WD- 16. Approximatel
Page 180 and 181: Table 3.12. Summary comments on the
Page 182 and 183: Ttllwrnook/Astoria area. Provide su
Page 184 and 185: connectivity between key DCAs. This
Page 186 and 187: ITable 3.14. Summary comments on th
Page 188 and 189: crest of the Cascade Mountains. The
Page 192 and 193: sites on federal lands (figure 3.21
Page 194 and 195: Owl pairsL I 350- _ _ . ...........
Page 196 and 197: DCAs, often combined with adjacent
Page 198 and 199: Owl pairsLiKnown owlsin the provinc
Page 200 and 201: nesting and roosting habitat until
Page 202 and 203: Option 3: Management of clusters: g
Page 204 and 205: Table 3.21. Summary of acreage and
Page 206 and 207: Owl pairs -Known owlsin the provinc
Page 208 and 209: and to within 0.5 miles of the acti
Page 210 and 211: Spotted owls have been found at 86
Page 212 and 213: ITable 3.24. Summary comments on th
Page 214 and 215: their distance from other sites. Ar
Page 216 and 217: * Recommend population and habitat
Page 218 and 219: away in some or all of the range. D
Page 220 and 221: 4. What are the population dynamics
Page 222 and 223: If the monitoring and research prog
Page 224 and 225: lowlands, eastern Oregon Cascades,
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Page 228 and 229: Stepdown Outline1. Management Tasks
Page 230 and 231: Table 4.1 Abbreviated Cost TableThe
Page 232 and 233: continued-TaskPriorityResp. PartyCo
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Page 238 and 239: and the number of invertebrate anim
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Table 5.2. Numbers of other species
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Amphibians and Reptiles: Larch Moun
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228
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230
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Barrows, C. W. 1980. Feeding ecolog
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Clark, R. J., D. G. Smith, and L. H
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Franklin, A. B., J. A. Blakesley, a
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Harestad, A. S., and F. L. Bunnell.
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Lundquist, R. W. and J. M. Mariani.
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O'Halloran, K. 1989. Spotted owl in
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Solis, D. M. 1980. Habitat use by n
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Young, K. D., A. B. Franklin, and J
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248
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250
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Table A.1. General approaches for e
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complete count of the territorial b
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Table A.3. Powera for various desig
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Table A.4. Illustration of a Markov
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Obviously, these statements hold on
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Table A.6. Reliability of trend est
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Demographic AnalysisAs noted earlie
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the estimate (using the simple equa
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however, we know little about the b
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Table A.8. Summary of information n
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predict the power achieved by diffe
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Other studiestached. If dispersing
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impractical at present. We describe
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Conclusionsthe year effect can be i
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280
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282
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284
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owls. Consequently, the issue of wh
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Use of the informationAssessments a
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Recent LiteratureWe might begin by
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Kerms (1989) measured habitat struc
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Hamer (pers. comm.) described 11 ne
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Table B.3. Percent hardwoods in the
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Table B.5. Comparison of habitats u
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Table B.8. Tree density (number of
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and numbers of trees, and percent o
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Under this hypothesis, owl fitness
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suitable habitat for that region (m
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ResultsDiscussionspotted owl habita
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__Discussiondata from 41 sites in t
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Recommendations for Future Research
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314
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Hamer, T. 1988. Home range size of
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318
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320
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Parameter Estimatesfor Individual S
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provided in Table C. 5. Study of th
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Table C.6. Summary of statistics re
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3. ConclusionsThis source of bias i
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330
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Gray Wolf .........................
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formed during the initial meeting t
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provide habitat for the numerous sp
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The ApproachA committee of the Reco
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The List of Threatened and Endanger
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Mammalsoldest trees in a stand. Eig
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ABBFigure D. 1. Distribution of: a)
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KTable D.3. A list of threatened an
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Fishestheir dispersal capabilities
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OlympicNorthcoastalRockyMountainSou
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continued-StatusabState Considered
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continued-SpeciesColumbia sidebandM
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endemic to the Pacific Northwest).
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------continued-SpeciesRhyacophila
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continued-SpeciesFed3tatusa bStateW
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StatusasbOld ForestState Associatio
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Summaryspores (Maser et al. 1978b).
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Biology of Owl Prey, Older Forest A
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Woodrats.-The dusky-footed woodrat
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and are less restrictive under stat
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Stock concept.-The term "stock" was
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Table D.10. List of fish stocks of
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continued-Steelhead-owipu Sea-runTr
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continued-BasinHoodWillametteRogueS
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Table D.13. Washington streams (or
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inland distribution currently decre
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nesting territories in the three st
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However, little is known about the
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Fisher (Martes penncmti)Distributio
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at one time supported marten popula
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each population of these animals is
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species also is found under the bar
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few meters from water after heavy r
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In considering the needs of other s
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Barrows, C. W. 1981. Roost selectio
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Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Dougl
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Hamer, T. E. 1991. Habitat relation
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Mannan, R. W., E. C. Meslow, and H.
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Oakley, A. L., Collins, J. A., Ever
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Solis, D. M. 1983. Summer habitat e
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Washington Natural Heritage Program
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414
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f. Wilderness.g. Livestock grazing.
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I. Monitoring.1. Northern spotted o
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420
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here will reduce some of that habit
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424
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426
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Selection of Forest TypesAt the tim
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eceive as little as 25 inches. Disc
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A. FireThe combination and interact
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Table F.4. Important forest insects
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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D. DiseasesForest diseases in the P
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III. Forest Protection in theWest C
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120 100200 500I~~~~.K446Figure F.4.
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InsectsDiseasesInsects in this subr
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__hardwoods are immune. Shade toler
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pests (Schowalter 1988). Black stai
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tion and initial attack. If manipul
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log and snag density was likely low
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B. Management Effects on StandsMana
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units (underburning or lop/scatter)
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In the higher elevation White Fir a
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growth often increases (Reinhardt a
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50rcc4*0-cC)2M CmZ13010-yearI ,...*
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In the East Cascades subregion fore
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The introduced disease, white pine
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VI. Conclusionsmortality will resul
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Baker, F.A. 1988. The influence of
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Habeck, J.R. 1990. Old-growth ponde
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Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 199
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Weatherspoon, C.P., and C.N. Skinne
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482
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484
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area, structure, ages, location; ne
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Stand AFigure G.2. A--unthmnned Dou
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figure 0.3. Effects of thinning Dou
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II. Review of Natural Vegetation an
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western hemlock, and sometimes othe
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year intervals (Appendix F). With t
Page 514 and 515:
Live crown ratiobecent)6050IStand A
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Basal area growth continued to incr
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technology probably will allow some
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Stand A. No activities (west side 3
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Stand A. No activities (west side o
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acre, 4 to 12 inches in diameter),
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allow redwood sprout clumps maximum
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KAge 15 years - 511 trees per acre,
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6Stems per acre100 _ Stand A. Natur
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Basal Area(square feetper acre)50 1
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* Opening the canopy in small patch
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Drew, T.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 197
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Miller, R.E.; D.L. Reukema, and R.L
Page 540 and 541:
Tappeiner, J.C., P.M. McDonald, and
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526
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528
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6. Timber supply curve and economic
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scientifically credible biological
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E. Summary of Preliminary Estimates
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II. General Economic Principles for
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practices may be able to show how s
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Economic patterns show the efficien
Page 558 and 559:
The sustainable yield concept that
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A. Previously Estimated Economic Co
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County receipts were estimated to d
Page 564 and 565:
B. Potential Social Costs of Owl Co
Page 566 and 567:
The contrast between the behavior d
Page 568 and 569:
0U1 n1nDTable H.2. Economic depende
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cḻlTable H.4. Economic characteri
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An analysis completed by the State
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V. Preliminary Evaluation of the Ec
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25-° 20/0M 15-a)CLU)0 10-0CL 5 -0)
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25 -- 20-0co/o 15--Da)a0a)10m~ C) 5
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forestlands. The costs of productio
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In Figure H.8, the equilibrium betw
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foregone and the way they will save
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The income created by the purchase
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Two concepts are useful for underst
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y an estimate of the price that wou
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Table H.10. Comparison of timber em
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of the second year. The same assump
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are generally much lower than for c
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582
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studies at University of Washington
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586
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Most significant late successionall
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to evaluate options. Information in
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Q0Table 1.1. Estimated acres and ow
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soTable 1.3. Estimated acres and ow
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01CDarTable 1.5. Size class distrib
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Table 1.8. Frequency distribution o
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Literature CitedThomas, J.W., E.D.
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602
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- The overlap of home ranges among
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Table J.2. Acreage and owl numbers
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continuedDCA Land AcreageIdent. Sta
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Table J.9. Acrea ?e and owl numbers
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continued-DCA LandIdent. StatusAcre
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-DCAIdent.LandStatusAcreageNRF Tota
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626
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Experience Includes: Assistant Dire
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Education: B.S. in forestry from Or
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Team SupportCharles Bruce, Oregon D
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continued-1 5-24-91 Other SpeciesSu
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continued-9-16 thru9-20-919-19-91Sp
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Perry, D. 1991. The ecology of coar
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2mandate the achievement of recover
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642
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644
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Aspect - the direction a slope face
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Congressionally classified and desi
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Empirical - derived from direct obs
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Hummocky - a landscape characterize
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Mixed conifer - as used in this doc
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Potential habitat - a stand of tree
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Sensitive species - those species t
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Take -Uunder the Endangered Species
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wild, scenic, or recreational by an
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