Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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ITable 3.14. Summary comments on the designated conservation area (DCA)network in the western Oregon Cascades province. (Section III.C.2.a. and AppendixI provide further information on the criteria and process used to delineatethese areas.)DesignatedConservationAreaOD-5, OD-7, OD-8OD-9, OD-l1, 01-12,OD-13 and OD-14OD17 and OD-18OD-1, OD-3, OD-4OD-6, OD-10, OD-15and OD-19OD-40OD-39, OD-56, OD-57,CommentsThese category 1 DCAs each currently support20 or more pairs of owls.These category 1 DCAs each currently support 20 or more pairs of owlsbut require both federal and nonfederal land to do so. In the future, theywill be able to support 20 pairs solely on nonfederal lands.These category 1 DCAs are currently estimated to containfewer than 20 pairs of owls. Each DCA has the potential to increaseup to 20 pairs.This DCA is recommended to provide population connectivity to theCalifornia Cascades province. It is estimated to support 14 pairs of owlsin the future.These DCAs provide an important linkage between the western OregonCascades province and the Oregon Coast Range province.- --..... --...- ...- ........ .111.11.111,'ll" ,,..... ...,.. I - Iextremely expensive and depend on legal restrictions. In checkerboard ownershipareas where a federal nexus exists, designating the land as critical habitatmight provide additional protection.Some state lands do not lie within the areas of special management emphasis,but are contributing to more general recovery goals in the province. Thesouthern portion of Oregon's Santiam State Forest lies between DCAs OD-4and OD-6. This state land is managed in trust for the fiduciary benefit of thelocal counties and currently is managed to provide for owl dispersal betweenthese DCAs. Voluntary contributions by the state's Sustainable ForestryProgram and private landowners could provide additional benefits. Silver FallsState Park is another parcel of state land which contributes to recovery byproviding nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat.The recovery plan should be used to help guide compliance with Oregon'sEndangered Species Act programs on state lands and provide an incentive forconservation planning. To the extent that the recovery plan and the stateEndangered Species Act programs can be made consistent, coordinationbetween them will be improved.Eastern Oregon Cascades ProvinceProvince descriptionThe eastern Oregon Cascades province extends from the Columbia River to theCalifornia border but occupies only a narrow area between Highway 97 and the170
Owl pairs9 0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Known owlsin the province 600- -700 - _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _500- -400-300-Known owlsin DCAs 2001000Nonfederal landFederal landrAcres (thousands)Figure 3.17. Known owl pairs in the western Oregon Cascades province andin DCAs within the province.........................................LIITotal acresin the provinceAcres in DCAsNonfederal land' Federal land NRF habitat 2Figure 3.18. Acres in the western Oregon Cascades province and in DCAs within the province.'Management of nonfederal lands within the perimeter of designated conservation areas is discussed in the narrative.,-, - " , - ,,2NJRPF Ihahitat = n~etinn rmnrtinn and fnrnninn hahitat Thic infnrmntinn is avamiahhi nnixt fnr foderni Ianrd-,,- , "- " - -- y -, -, -, I/.. 111 .1 I I 11 1 I ".1,- ,, -........ 11 - .. ..X': :,. :, :!::- ;.; :,: I1,71
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I 1.2:Sp 6/draftRecovery Plan for t
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List of FiguresTable 4.1 Abbreviate
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Recovery ObjectiveSecretary of the
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Management Rules for Designated Con
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Monitoring and Research ProgramThe
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Chapter IIntroduction1
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"Threatened species" means a specie
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B. The Interagency Scientific Commi
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lished works and many government do
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II.A. Natural History of theNorther
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I- \IzXelT - - -.11 I..., ... I.."
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spring. Territories probably are sm
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Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentil
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also use a variety of nest sites in
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Home Range SizeHome range is define
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Table 2.2. Median amounts of old-gr
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3. Life Historycannot reject the hy
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Dispersal1984, Thomas et al. 1990,
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4. ConclusionOur knowledge of the n
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Ca n a d aEastern Washington Cascad
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Table 2.3. Estimated spotted owl ha
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Table 2.4. Significant threats to t
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Table 2.5. Results of surveys for s
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isolated. In these provinces, small
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centers for 30 to 35 spotted owl te
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Southwest Washington occupies a key
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Distribution of Habitat and Populat
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Province Isolation. The eastern Was
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were in suitable habitat condition.
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Estimated acres of forest landbase:
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owned and contain little suitable h
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Vulnerability to Natural Disturbanc
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Douglas-fir/hardwood types, the lat
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miles from the contiguous populatio
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In comparison, the southern part of
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Sacramento River Canyon now provide
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On January 11, 1980, there was an a
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vation Strategy for the Northern Sp
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transfer of one area to the Grand R
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The BLM Spokane (Washington) Distri
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3. National Park ServiceThe followi
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The results of a consultation are s
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- Since landowners already face cut
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4. Cumulative Effects AssessmentThe
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Assessment, Planning, and Monitorin
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Spotted owl nesting sites and activ
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Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhance
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including wildlife. In other cases,
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Currently, the Yakima Indian Nation
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where timber harvest is limited to
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III.A. Recovery Objective and Delis
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4. The population is unlikely to ne
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Needs of other species should be co
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years. The strategy of managing for
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't0
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Finally, the plan recommends mainta
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A total of 1,181 pairs of owls has
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DKnown owlsin the OregonprovincesKn
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mologists, and representatives of o
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this prey species is an appropriate
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After 100 years residual snags will
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2. Fuelwood Gathering. If allowed,
Page 136 and 137: The application of prescriptions A,
Page 138 and 139: owls. (Refer to tables in section I
Page 140 and 141: PRESCRIPTION D -RETAIN OWLS IN MANA
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Page 144 and 145: DCA Management Plans.The recovery p
Page 146 and 147: Endangered Species Act) or through
Page 148 and 149: 6. Costs to landowners should be re
Page 150 and 151: The real or perceived disincentives
Page 152 and 153: authority of the public body to ent
Page 154 and 155: * Use the recovery plan's recommend
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Page 158 and 159: Supplemental pair areas - Habitat d
Page 160 and 161: Numbers of owls currently are estim
Page 162 and 163: Biological goals and implementation
Page 164 and 165: ning. Also, several unsurveyed area
Page 166 and 167: Owl pairsKnown owlsin the province3
Page 168 and 169: - Initiate long-range planning effo
Page 170 and 171: Table 3.8. Summary comments on the
Page 172 and 173: from nonfederal lands are needed to
Page 174 and 175: Eastern Washington Cascades Provinc
Page 176 and 177: (Owl pairs140 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Page 178 and 179: habitat in DCA WD- 16. Approximatel
Page 180 and 181: Table 3.12. Summary comments on the
Page 182 and 183: Ttllwrnook/Astoria area. Provide su
Page 184 and 185: connectivity between key DCAs. This
Page 188 and 189: crest of the Cascade Mountains. The
Page 190 and 191: ITable 3.16. Summary comments on th
Page 192 and 193: sites on federal lands (figure 3.21
Page 194 and 195: Owl pairsL I 350- _ _ . ...........
Page 196 and 197: DCAs, often combined with adjacent
Page 198 and 199: Owl pairsLiKnown owlsin the provinc
Page 200 and 201: nesting and roosting habitat until
Page 202 and 203: Option 3: Management of clusters: g
Page 204 and 205: Table 3.21. Summary of acreage and
Page 206 and 207: Owl pairs -Known owlsin the provinc
Page 208 and 209: and to within 0.5 miles of the acti
Page 210 and 211: Spotted owls have been found at 86
Page 212 and 213: ITable 3.24. Summary comments on th
Page 214 and 215: their distance from other sites. Ar
Page 216 and 217: * Recommend population and habitat
Page 218 and 219: away in some or all of the range. D
Page 220 and 221: 4. What are the population dynamics
Page 222 and 223: If the monitoring and research prog
Page 224 and 225: lowlands, eastern Oregon Cascades,
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Page 228 and 229: Stepdown Outline1. Management Tasks
Page 230 and 231: Table 4.1 Abbreviated Cost TableThe
Page 232 and 233: continued-TaskPriorityResp. PartyCo
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220
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and the number of invertebrate anim
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Table 5.2. Numbers of other species
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Amphibians and Reptiles: Larch Moun
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228
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230
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Barrows, C. W. 1980. Feeding ecolog
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Clark, R. J., D. G. Smith, and L. H
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Franklin, A. B., J. A. Blakesley, a
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Harestad, A. S., and F. L. Bunnell.
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Lundquist, R. W. and J. M. Mariani.
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O'Halloran, K. 1989. Spotted owl in
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Solis, D. M. 1980. Habitat use by n
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Young, K. D., A. B. Franklin, and J
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248
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250
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Table A.1. General approaches for e
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complete count of the territorial b
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Table A.3. Powera for various desig
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Table A.4. Illustration of a Markov
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Obviously, these statements hold on
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Table A.6. Reliability of trend est
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Demographic AnalysisAs noted earlie
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the estimate (using the simple equa
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however, we know little about the b
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Table A.8. Summary of information n
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predict the power achieved by diffe
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Other studiestached. If dispersing
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impractical at present. We describe
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Conclusionsthe year effect can be i
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280
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282
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284
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owls. Consequently, the issue of wh
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Use of the informationAssessments a
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Recent LiteratureWe might begin by
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Kerms (1989) measured habitat struc
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Hamer (pers. comm.) described 11 ne
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Table B.3. Percent hardwoods in the
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Table B.5. Comparison of habitats u
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Table B.8. Tree density (number of
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and numbers of trees, and percent o
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Under this hypothesis, owl fitness
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suitable habitat for that region (m
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ResultsDiscussionspotted owl habita
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__Discussiondata from 41 sites in t
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Recommendations for Future Research
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314
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Hamer, T. 1988. Home range size of
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318
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320
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Parameter Estimatesfor Individual S
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provided in Table C. 5. Study of th
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Table C.6. Summary of statistics re
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3. ConclusionsThis source of bias i
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330
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Gray Wolf .........................
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formed during the initial meeting t
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provide habitat for the numerous sp
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The ApproachA committee of the Reco
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The List of Threatened and Endanger
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Mammalsoldest trees in a stand. Eig
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ABBFigure D. 1. Distribution of: a)
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KTable D.3. A list of threatened an
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Fishestheir dispersal capabilities
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OlympicNorthcoastalRockyMountainSou
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continued-StatusabState Considered
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continued-SpeciesColumbia sidebandM
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endemic to the Pacific Northwest).
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------continued-SpeciesRhyacophila
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continued-SpeciesFed3tatusa bStateW
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StatusasbOld ForestState Associatio
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Summaryspores (Maser et al. 1978b).
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Biology of Owl Prey, Older Forest A
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Woodrats.-The dusky-footed woodrat
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and are less restrictive under stat
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Stock concept.-The term "stock" was
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Table D.10. List of fish stocks of
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continued-Steelhead-owipu Sea-runTr
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continued-BasinHoodWillametteRogueS
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Table D.13. Washington streams (or
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inland distribution currently decre
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nesting territories in the three st
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However, little is known about the
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Fisher (Martes penncmti)Distributio
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at one time supported marten popula
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each population of these animals is
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species also is found under the bar
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few meters from water after heavy r
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In considering the needs of other s
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Barrows, C. W. 1981. Roost selectio
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Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Dougl
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Hamer, T. E. 1991. Habitat relation
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Mannan, R. W., E. C. Meslow, and H.
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Oakley, A. L., Collins, J. A., Ever
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Solis, D. M. 1983. Summer habitat e
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Washington Natural Heritage Program
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414
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f. Wilderness.g. Livestock grazing.
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I. Monitoring.1. Northern spotted o
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420
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here will reduce some of that habit
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424
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426
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Selection of Forest TypesAt the tim
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eceive as little as 25 inches. Disc
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A. FireThe combination and interact
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Table F.4. Important forest insects
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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D. DiseasesForest diseases in the P
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III. Forest Protection in theWest C
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120 100200 500I~~~~.K446Figure F.4.
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InsectsDiseasesInsects in this subr
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__hardwoods are immune. Shade toler
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pests (Schowalter 1988). Black stai
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tion and initial attack. If manipul
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log and snag density was likely low
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B. Management Effects on StandsMana
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units (underburning or lop/scatter)
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In the higher elevation White Fir a
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growth often increases (Reinhardt a
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50rcc4*0-cC)2M CmZ13010-yearI ,...*
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In the East Cascades subregion fore
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The introduced disease, white pine
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VI. Conclusionsmortality will resul
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Baker, F.A. 1988. The influence of
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Habeck, J.R. 1990. Old-growth ponde
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Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 199
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Weatherspoon, C.P., and C.N. Skinne
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482
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484
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area, structure, ages, location; ne
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Stand AFigure G.2. A--unthmnned Dou
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figure 0.3. Effects of thinning Dou
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II. Review of Natural Vegetation an
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western hemlock, and sometimes othe
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year intervals (Appendix F). With t
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Live crown ratiobecent)6050IStand A
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Basal area growth continued to incr
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technology probably will allow some
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Stand A. No activities (west side 3
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Stand A. No activities (west side o
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acre, 4 to 12 inches in diameter),
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allow redwood sprout clumps maximum
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KAge 15 years - 511 trees per acre,
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6Stems per acre100 _ Stand A. Natur
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Basal Area(square feetper acre)50 1
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* Opening the canopy in small patch
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Drew, T.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 197
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Miller, R.E.; D.L. Reukema, and R.L
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Tappeiner, J.C., P.M. McDonald, and
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526
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528
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6. Timber supply curve and economic
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scientifically credible biological
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E. Summary of Preliminary Estimates
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II. General Economic Principles for
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practices may be able to show how s
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Economic patterns show the efficien
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The sustainable yield concept that
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A. Previously Estimated Economic Co
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County receipts were estimated to d
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B. Potential Social Costs of Owl Co
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The contrast between the behavior d
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0U1 n1nDTable H.2. Economic depende
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cḻlTable H.4. Economic characteri
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An analysis completed by the State
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V. Preliminary Evaluation of the Ec
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25-° 20/0M 15-a)CLU)0 10-0CL 5 -0)
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25 -- 20-0co/o 15--Da)a0a)10m~ C) 5
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forestlands. The costs of productio
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In Figure H.8, the equilibrium betw
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foregone and the way they will save
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The income created by the purchase
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Two concepts are useful for underst
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y an estimate of the price that wou
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Table H.10. Comparison of timber em
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of the second year. The same assump
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are generally much lower than for c
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582
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studies at University of Washington
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586
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Most significant late successionall
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to evaluate options. Information in
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Q0Table 1.1. Estimated acres and ow
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soTable 1.3. Estimated acres and ow
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01CDarTable 1.5. Size class distrib
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Table 1.8. Frequency distribution o
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Literature CitedThomas, J.W., E.D.
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602
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- The overlap of home ranges among
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Table J.2. Acreage and owl numbers
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continuedDCA Land AcreageIdent. Sta
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Table J.9. Acrea ?e and owl numbers
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continued-DCA LandIdent. StatusAcre
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-DCAIdent.LandStatusAcreageNRF Tota
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626
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Experience Includes: Assistant Dire
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Education: B.S. in forestry from Or
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Team SupportCharles Bruce, Oregon D
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continued-1 5-24-91 Other SpeciesSu
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continued-9-16 thru9-20-919-19-91Sp
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Perry, D. 1991. The ecology of coar
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2mandate the achievement of recover
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642
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644
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Aspect - the direction a slope face
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Congressionally classified and desi
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Empirical - derived from direct obs
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Hummocky - a landscape characterize
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Mixed conifer - as used in this doc
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Potential habitat - a stand of tree
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Sensitive species - those species t
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Take -Uunder the Endangered Species
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wild, scenic, or recreational by an
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Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

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