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(Owl pairs140 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Lii 120 -Known owlsin the province 100-80-_i. s, 60- _ I lli _ 16Known owls 40-,in DCAs20-_ |Nonfederal landFederal landFigure 3.13. Known owl pairs in the eastern Washington Cascades provinceand in DCAs within the province.Acres (thousands)3,500-3,000- _ = .Lii 2,500- _ _ _ _Total acresin the province 2,000--1,500- _XX0r7'71,000- _Acres in DCAs 500-Nonfederal land' Federal land NRF habitat 2Figure 3.14. Acres in the eastern Washington Cascades province and in DCAs within the province.'Management of nonfederal lands within the perimeter of designated conservation areas is discussed in the narrative.2 NRF habitat = nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat. This information is available only for federal land.160
seven areas have been identified as needing prescription B or C. In most casesthese federal matrix prescription areas correspond with areas of special managementemphasis discussed for nonfederal lands.In the Interstate 90 corridor, reserved pair areas are required to compensatefor deficiencies in the DCA network (section III.C.2.). Population deficienciesin DCAs require reserved pair areas totaling 16,643 acres and five known owlactivity centers. Habitat for these reserved pair areas also will alleviate thethreat of impaired owl dispersal through this checkerboard ownership, andshould be coordinated with nonfederal landowners.Managed pair areas (prescription C matrix management) are located on federalland within high fire-risk mixed conifer and ponderosa pine forests of theprovince. Five areas are delineated where managed pair areas are recommendedfor all currently known spotted owls on federal land, and those discoveredin the future. These areas are:- Between WD- 1 and WD- IN: three known activity centers to be protected,- Among WD-16, WD-15, WD-12 and WD-14: seven known activity centers,- Between WD-5 and WD-6: two known activity centers,- Among WD-6, WD-21 and the eastern province boundary: three knownactivity centers,- Among WD-7, WD-21 and WD-22: four known activity centers.Based on these known owl activity centers, a total of 19 known activity centersand 108,176 acres would be included in prescription C managed pair areas.Biological goals and implementation on nonfederal landsThree areas are identified for special management emphasis on nonfederallands. In all three cases, recommendations are made for nonfederal lands toaugment federal management in addressing threats to owl populations.In the Interstate 90 corridor area of checkerboard ownership. Habitat lossand north-to-south connectivity among DCAs are the main concerns. Itis recommended that nonfederal lands provide nesting, roosting, andforaging habitat for spotted owls within or directly adjacent to federalDCAs WD-5, WD-6, WD-7, and WD-16. It is recommended that dispersalhabitat be provided among these DCAs. The goal is to contribute to owlpopulation stability within the DCAs. Managed suitable habitat isexpected to provide characteristics necessary for roosting and foraging,but not necessarily for nesting. Some nesting habitat may be needed inthe short term, especially since the DCAs are deficient in owl pairs.Endangered Species Act prohibition of take currently is contributing tothe objective of augmenting checkerboard DCAs in the Interstate 90corridor. Nonfederal landowners currently are affected by prohibitions ontake involving many owl sites in the general area identified for specialmanagement emphasis. Protective management as described in sectionIII.C.3. could lead to more efficient conservation measures and improveachievement of recovery objectives. New forestry techniques already arepracticed by some landowners in this area, and should contribute toachieving objectives within DCAs. State forest practices rules could beused to ensure protection of known owls. In some areas where there isadequate federal nexus, federal critical habitat designation could provideprotection beyond that available through other means. Land exchangealso may be a useful and accepted mechanism in these checkerboardownership areas. Land purchase may be needed for small acreagelandowners.An additional recommendation to alleviate threats in the Interstate 90corridor is to develop habitat on the L.T. Murray Wildlife Area to supporta large cluster of owl pairs (more than 20 pairs) in conjunction with161
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I 1.2:Sp 6/draftRecovery Plan for t
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List of FiguresTable 4.1 Abbreviate
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Recovery ObjectiveSecretary of the
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Management Rules for Designated Con
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Monitoring and Research ProgramThe
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Chapter IIntroduction1
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"Threatened species" means a specie
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B. The Interagency Scientific Commi
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lished works and many government do
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II.A. Natural History of theNorther
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I- \IzXelT - - -.11 I..., ... I.."
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spring. Territories probably are sm
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Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentil
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also use a variety of nest sites in
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Home Range SizeHome range is define
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Table 2.2. Median amounts of old-gr
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3. Life Historycannot reject the hy
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Dispersal1984, Thomas et al. 1990,
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4. ConclusionOur knowledge of the n
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Ca n a d aEastern Washington Cascad
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Table 2.3. Estimated spotted owl ha
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Table 2.4. Significant threats to t
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Table 2.5. Results of surveys for s
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isolated. In these provinces, small
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centers for 30 to 35 spotted owl te
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Southwest Washington occupies a key
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Distribution of Habitat and Populat
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Province Isolation. The eastern Was
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were in suitable habitat condition.
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Estimated acres of forest landbase:
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owned and contain little suitable h
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Vulnerability to Natural Disturbanc
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Douglas-fir/hardwood types, the lat
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miles from the contiguous populatio
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In comparison, the southern part of
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Sacramento River Canyon now provide
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On January 11, 1980, there was an a
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vation Strategy for the Northern Sp
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transfer of one area to the Grand R
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The BLM Spokane (Washington) Distri
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3. National Park ServiceThe followi
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The results of a consultation are s
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- Since landowners already face cut
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4. Cumulative Effects AssessmentThe
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Assessment, Planning, and Monitorin
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Spotted owl nesting sites and activ
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Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhance
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including wildlife. In other cases,
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Currently, the Yakima Indian Nation
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where timber harvest is limited to
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III.A. Recovery Objective and Delis
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4. The population is unlikely to ne
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Needs of other species should be co
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years. The strategy of managing for
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't0
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Finally, the plan recommends mainta
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A total of 1,181 pairs of owls has
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DKnown owlsin the OregonprovincesKn
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mologists, and representatives of o
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this prey species is an appropriate
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After 100 years residual snags will
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2. Fuelwood Gathering. If allowed,
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The application of prescriptions A,
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owls. (Refer to tables in section I
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PRESCRIPTION D -RETAIN OWLS IN MANA
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126
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DCA Management Plans.The recovery p
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Endangered Species Act) or through
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6. Costs to landowners should be re
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The real or perceived disincentives
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authority of the public body to ent
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* Use the recovery plan's recommend
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140
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Supplemental pair areas - Habitat d
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Numbers of owls currently are estim
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Biological goals and implementation
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ning. Also, several unsurveyed area
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Owl pairsKnown owlsin the province3
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- Initiate long-range planning effo
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Table 3.8. Summary comments on the
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from nonfederal lands are needed to
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Eastern Washington Cascades Provinc
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habitat in DCA WD- 16. Approximatel
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Table 3.12. Summary comments on the
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Ttllwrnook/Astoria area. Provide su
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connectivity between key DCAs. This
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ITable 3.14. Summary comments on th
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crest of the Cascade Mountains. The
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ITable 3.16. Summary comments on th
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sites on federal lands (figure 3.21
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Owl pairsL I 350- _ _ . ...........
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DCAs, often combined with adjacent
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Owl pairsLiKnown owlsin the provinc
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nesting and roosting habitat until
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Option 3: Management of clusters: g
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Table 3.21. Summary of acreage and
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Owl pairs -Known owlsin the provinc
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and to within 0.5 miles of the acti
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Spotted owls have been found at 86
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ITable 3.24. Summary comments on th
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their distance from other sites. Ar
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* Recommend population and habitat
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away in some or all of the range. D
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4. What are the population dynamics
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If the monitoring and research prog
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lowlands, eastern Oregon Cascades,
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210
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Stepdown Outline1. Management Tasks
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Table 4.1 Abbreviated Cost TableThe
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continued-TaskPriorityResp. PartyCo
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218
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220
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and the number of invertebrate anim
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Table 5.2. Numbers of other species
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Amphibians and Reptiles: Larch Moun
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228
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230
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Barrows, C. W. 1980. Feeding ecolog
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Clark, R. J., D. G. Smith, and L. H
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Franklin, A. B., J. A. Blakesley, a
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Harestad, A. S., and F. L. Bunnell.
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Lundquist, R. W. and J. M. Mariani.
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O'Halloran, K. 1989. Spotted owl in
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Solis, D. M. 1980. Habitat use by n
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Young, K. D., A. B. Franklin, and J
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248
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250
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Table A.1. General approaches for e
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complete count of the territorial b
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Table A.3. Powera for various desig
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Table A.4. Illustration of a Markov
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Obviously, these statements hold on
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Table A.6. Reliability of trend est
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Demographic AnalysisAs noted earlie
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the estimate (using the simple equa
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however, we know little about the b
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Table A.8. Summary of information n
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predict the power achieved by diffe
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Other studiestached. If dispersing
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impractical at present. We describe
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Conclusionsthe year effect can be i
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280
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282
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284
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owls. Consequently, the issue of wh
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Use of the informationAssessments a
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Recent LiteratureWe might begin by
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Kerms (1989) measured habitat struc
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Hamer (pers. comm.) described 11 ne
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Table B.3. Percent hardwoods in the
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Table B.5. Comparison of habitats u
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Table B.8. Tree density (number of
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and numbers of trees, and percent o
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Under this hypothesis, owl fitness
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suitable habitat for that region (m
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ResultsDiscussionspotted owl habita
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__Discussiondata from 41 sites in t
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Recommendations for Future Research
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314
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Hamer, T. 1988. Home range size of
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318
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320
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Parameter Estimatesfor Individual S
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provided in Table C. 5. Study of th
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Table C.6. Summary of statistics re
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3. ConclusionsThis source of bias i
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330
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Gray Wolf .........................
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formed during the initial meeting t
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provide habitat for the numerous sp
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The ApproachA committee of the Reco
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The List of Threatened and Endanger
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Mammalsoldest trees in a stand. Eig
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ABBFigure D. 1. Distribution of: a)
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KTable D.3. A list of threatened an
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Fishestheir dispersal capabilities
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OlympicNorthcoastalRockyMountainSou
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continued-StatusabState Considered
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continued-SpeciesColumbia sidebandM
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endemic to the Pacific Northwest).
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------continued-SpeciesRhyacophila
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continued-SpeciesFed3tatusa bStateW
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StatusasbOld ForestState Associatio
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Summaryspores (Maser et al. 1978b).
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Biology of Owl Prey, Older Forest A
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Woodrats.-The dusky-footed woodrat
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and are less restrictive under stat
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Stock concept.-The term "stock" was
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Table D.10. List of fish stocks of
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continued-Steelhead-owipu Sea-runTr
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continued-BasinHoodWillametteRogueS
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Table D.13. Washington streams (or
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inland distribution currently decre
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nesting territories in the three st
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However, little is known about the
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Fisher (Martes penncmti)Distributio
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at one time supported marten popula
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each population of these animals is
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species also is found under the bar
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few meters from water after heavy r
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In considering the needs of other s
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Barrows, C. W. 1981. Roost selectio
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Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Dougl
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Hamer, T. E. 1991. Habitat relation
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Mannan, R. W., E. C. Meslow, and H.
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Oakley, A. L., Collins, J. A., Ever
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Solis, D. M. 1983. Summer habitat e
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Washington Natural Heritage Program
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414
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f. Wilderness.g. Livestock grazing.
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I. Monitoring.1. Northern spotted o
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420
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here will reduce some of that habit
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424
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426
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Selection of Forest TypesAt the tim
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eceive as little as 25 inches. Disc
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A. FireThe combination and interact
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Table F.4. Important forest insects
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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D. DiseasesForest diseases in the P
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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continued-Common Name Causal Agent
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III. Forest Protection in theWest C
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120 100200 500I~~~~.K446Figure F.4.
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InsectsDiseasesInsects in this subr
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__hardwoods are immune. Shade toler
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pests (Schowalter 1988). Black stai
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tion and initial attack. If manipul
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log and snag density was likely low
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B. Management Effects on StandsMana
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units (underburning or lop/scatter)
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In the higher elevation White Fir a
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growth often increases (Reinhardt a
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50rcc4*0-cC)2M CmZ13010-yearI ,...*
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In the East Cascades subregion fore
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The introduced disease, white pine
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VI. Conclusionsmortality will resul
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Baker, F.A. 1988. The influence of
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Page 492 and 493:
Habeck, J.R. 1990. Old-growth ponde
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Page 494 and 495:
Perry, D.A., and J.G. Borchers. 199
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Weatherspoon, C.P., and C.N. Skinne
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482
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484
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area, structure, ages, location; ne
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Stand AFigure G.2. A--unthmnned Dou
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figure 0.3. Effects of thinning Dou
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II. Review of Natural Vegetation an
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western hemlock, and sometimes othe
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year intervals (Appendix F). With t
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Live crown ratiobecent)6050IStand A
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Basal area growth continued to incr
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technology probably will allow some
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Stand A. No activities (west side 3
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Stand A. No activities (west side o
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acre, 4 to 12 inches in diameter),
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allow redwood sprout clumps maximum
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KAge 15 years - 511 trees per acre,
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6Stems per acre100 _ Stand A. Natur
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Basal Area(square feetper acre)50 1
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* Opening the canopy in small patch
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Drew, T.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 197
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Miller, R.E.; D.L. Reukema, and R.L
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Tappeiner, J.C., P.M. McDonald, and
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526
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528
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6. Timber supply curve and economic
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scientifically credible biological
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E. Summary of Preliminary Estimates
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II. General Economic Principles for
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practices may be able to show how s
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Economic patterns show the efficien
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Page 558 and 559:
The sustainable yield concept that
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A. Previously Estimated Economic Co
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County receipts were estimated to d
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B. Potential Social Costs of Owl Co
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The contrast between the behavior d
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0U1 n1nDTable H.2. Economic depende
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cḻlTable H.4. Economic characteri
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Page 572 and 573:
An analysis completed by the State
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V. Preliminary Evaluation of the Ec
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25-° 20/0M 15-a)CLU)0 10-0CL 5 -0)
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25 -- 20-0co/o 15--Da)a0a)10m~ C) 5
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forestlands. The costs of productio
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In Figure H.8, the equilibrium betw
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foregone and the way they will save
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The income created by the purchase
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Two concepts are useful for underst
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y an estimate of the price that wou
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Table H.10. Comparison of timber em
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Page 594 and 595:
of the second year. The same assump
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are generally much lower than for c
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582
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studies at University of Washington
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Page 602 and 603:
586
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Most significant late successionall
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to evaluate options. Information in
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Q0Table 1.1. Estimated acres and ow
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soTable 1.3. Estimated acres and ow
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01CDarTable 1.5. Size class distrib
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Page 614 and 615:
Table 1.8. Frequency distribution o
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Page 616 and 617:
Literature CitedThomas, J.W., E.D.
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Page 618 and 619:
602
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Page 620 and 621:
- The overlap of home ranges among
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Page 622 and 623:
Table J.2. Acreage and owl numbers
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Page 624 and 625:
continuedDCA Land AcreageIdent. Sta
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Page 626 and 627:
Table J.4. Acreage and owl numbers
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Page 628 and 629:
Table J.5. Acreage and owl numbers
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Page 630 and 631:
Table J.6. Acreage and owl numbers
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Page 632 and 633:
Table J.7. Acreage and owl numbers
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Page 634 and 635:
Table J.9. Acrea ?e and owl numbers
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Page 636 and 637:
Table J.10. Acreage and owl numbers
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Page 638 and 639:
continued-DCA LandIdent. StatusAcre
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-DCAIdent.LandStatusAcreageNRF Tota
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626
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Experience Includes: Assistant Dire
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Education: B.S. in forestry from Or
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Team SupportCharles Bruce, Oregon D
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continued-1 5-24-91 Other SpeciesSu
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continued-9-16 thru9-20-919-19-91Sp
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Perry, D. 1991. The ecology of coar
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2mandate the achievement of recover
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Page 658 and 659:
642
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Page 660 and 661:
644
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Aspect - the direction a slope face
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Congressionally classified and desi
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Page 666 and 667:
Empirical - derived from direct obs
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Hummocky - a landscape characterize
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Page 670 and 671:
Mixed conifer - as used in this doc
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Potential habitat - a stand of tree
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Sensitive species - those species t
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Take -Uunder the Endangered Species
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Page 678:
wild, scenic, or recreational by an
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