Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl - DRAFT

Implementation tools are defined as:1. Existing reserves. State, county, or local parks, known conservationeasements, or other areas that have binding, enforceable restrictions onthe level of timber harvest and other forest management activities that arelikely to alter the amount of suitable owl habitat. Existing reserves mustbe evaluated on 1) the level of current habitat within them, 2) size, 3)number, 4) spacing, and 5) timing of future habitat achieving owl suitabilitycharacteristics.2. Private voluntary actions. Actions that are not required by statute orregulation, but that landowners voluntarily undertake. Actions caninclude, for example, long-term management plans, commitments to longrotations per uneven-aged management, or easements. Such actions mustbe evaluated on 1) how binding the actions are over time, 2) effectiveness inproviding the conservation measures (number of owls, amount and configurationof habitat) stated in the recovery objective, 3) timing of thecontribution of suitable habitat, and 4) how attractive they are to landownersto undertake.3. Forest practices statute and regulations. Statutes and rules enforced bystate or local government that require certain practices be used or certainhabitat conditions be maintained. Depending on the definition of differenttypes of owl habitat, these requirements can contribute to certain habitatobjectives. Statutes and regulations must be evaluated on 1) currentrequirements for the provision of conservation measures detailed in therecovery objective, 2) whether current state statutes authorize promulgationand enforcement of additional regulations, and 3) ability, ease, andtiming requirements of passing new state legislation.4. Prohibition on taking. Refers to the Endangered Species Act prohibition oftake of individuals, as implemented and enforced by the FWS. The relativeease of implementing an option will be increased to the extent that protectionof individuals (on a case-by-case approach) implements the conservationmeasures in a recovery objective. The current take prohibition doesnot provide a long-term contribution to recovery. The success of theprohibition in contributing to recovery is variable, and dependent upon theprovince and existing conditions within owl home ranges. Application oftake prohibition guidelines must be evaluated for consistency of results,fairness, uniformity of enforcement, and adequacy of protection.5. Landscape management as a basisfor modifying the take prohibition.Refers to providing suitable habitat adequate to meet the conservationobjective, without necessarily focusing on the location of individuals orpairs. Landscape management may provide a basis for allowing an increasedlevel of take. The potential role of landscape management mustbe assessed relative to the current number of known owl sites contributingto recovery objectives and the current burden of surveys (see ProtectiveManagement Guidelines, point #5). The Endangered Species Act providesmechanisms for landscape habitat management, including the habitatconservation plan (HCP) or section 4(d) rules.6. Critical habitat. See description under Federal Implementation in sectionIII.C.7. Land exchange. Exchanging public land (fee title) for state and privatelands to secure a particular location and/or management. This tool mustbe evaluated on 1) the availability of public land of equal value for exchange,2) the ownership of the public land (federal, state, county), 3) the135