Norphlet Formation (Upper Jurassic) - Berg - Hughes Center

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896 Norphlet Formation (Upper Jurassic), Alabama~~^ ESCAMBIAMOBILE 1(^BALDWINFigure 16—Top of Norphlet gas-pool structure map for Lower Mobile Bay-Mary Ann field. Mobile Bay. (Published with permissionof Mobil Oil Exploration and Producing Southeast, Inc.)of any significant organic matter. The thermal alterationindices for Smackover carbonates indicate that the thermalhistory for much of southwestern and offshore Alabamawas highly favorable for hydrocarbon generation(Table 1). Assuming an average geothermal gradient of1.3°F (0.72°C) for southwestern and offshore Alabama,Jurassic oil generation and migration probably were initiatedwith the deposition of 5,000 to 6,000 ft (1,524 to 1,829m) of overburden. Such a depth of burial for the Norphlet-Smackover probably was achieved in the Early Cretaceousfor much of southwestern and offshore Alabama.CONCLUSIONSUpper Jurassic Norphlet paleogeography in southwesternand offshore Alabama was dominated by a broad desertplain, rimmed to the north and east by theAppalachians and to the southwest by a developing shallowsea. The desert plain extended westward into easternand central Mississippi.Norphlet conglomerates were deposited in coalescingalluvial fans in proximity to an Appalachian source, andred beds accumulated in distal portions of alluvial fan andwadi systems. Quartz-rich sandstones were deposited asdune and interdune sediments on a broad desert plain. Amarine transgression was initiated during the late phase ofNorphlet deposition, resulting in the reworking of previouslydeposited Norphlet sediments.Norphlet hydrocarbon potential in southwestern andoffshore Alabama is excellent, with petroleum traps beingprimarily structural traps involving salt anticlines, faultedsalt anticlines, and extensional fault traps associated withsalt movement. Reservoir rocks consist primarily ofquartz-rich eolian, wadi, and marine sandstones havingprincipally secondary (dissolution) porosity with someintergranular porosity. Smackover algal carbonate mudstoneswere most likely the source for the Norphlet hydrocarbons.Jurassic oil generation and migration probablywere initiated in the Early Cretaceous, assuming an averagegeothermal gradient of 1.3°F (0.72°C) and an overburdenof 5,000 to 6,000 ft (1,524 to 1,829 m).REFERENCES CITEDAhlbrandt, T. S., and S. G. Fryberger, 1981, Sedimentary features andsignificance of interdune deposits, in Recent and ancient nonmarinedepositional environments: models for exploration: SEPM SpecialPublication 31, p. 293-314.1982, Introduction to eolian deposits, in Sandstone depositionalenvironments: AAPG Memoir 31, p. 11-47.Badon,C. L., 1975, Stratigraphy and petrology of Jurassic Norphlet Formation,Clarke County, Mississippi: AAPG Bulletin, v. 59, p. 377-392.
Ernest A. Mancini etal 897Table 1. Organic Carbon and Kerogen Analyses'PercentDominantThermal alteraWellSample '. deptti(feet) (meters)organiccarbonkerogentypetion index(1-5 scale)Amos No. 2, Sec 32,T7S, R4E, Baldwin Co.19,8606,053.30.36Amorphous(Algal)3 to 3"^Bryars No. 1, Sec 47,16,6525,075.50.19Amorphous2 to 2"^TIN, R2E, Baldwin Co.Container Corporation No. 1,16,2254,945.40.42Amorphous2'Sec 28, T2N, R4E,Baldwin Co.Jackson No. 1, Sec 31,T12N, R3W, Choctaw Co.10,5323,210.20.34Amorphous(Algal)1"^to2'Harrigan No. 1, Sec 16,10,9803,346.70.19Amorphous1"^to2"T10N, R1E, Clarke Co.(Algal)L&N Railroad No. 1, Sec 30,TIN, R9E, Escambia Co.15,3264,671.40.20Amorphous(Algal)2+Jacintoport Corporation No. 1,Sec11,T3S, R1W, Mobile Co.18,3095,580.60.89Amorphous3'Ideal Basic Industries-Creola No. 1,Sec8, T1S, R1E, Mobile Co.17,3065,274.90.18Amorphous3"Travis No. 1, Sec 20, T2S. R2W,18,5845,664.40.20Amorphous2^ to 3'Mobile Co.Sullivan No. 1, Sec 9, TIN, R1E,17,3085,275.50.81Amorphous2 to 2"^Mobile Co.(Algal)Peter Klein No. 1,Sec3,18,0415,498.90.25Amorphous3" to 3T2S, R1W, Mobile Co.(Algal)Newman No. 1, Sec 9,18,5035,639.70.22Amorphous3" to 3T1S,R1W, Mobile Co.Smith No. 1,Sec 15,18,4905,635.80.21Amorphous3" to 3T1S,R2W, Mobile Co.(Algal)Blacksher Company No. 1,14,2454,341.90.25Amorphous2 to 2"^Sec 7, T4N, R6E, Monroe Co.Britton No. 1, Sec 21,T8N, R4W, Washington Co.16,0454,890.50.21Amorphous(Algal)3" to 3Foster No. 1, Sec 10, T2N, R3W,19,3595,900.60.35Amorphous3'to 3Washington Co.^ Analyses were done by Geochem Laboratories, Houston, Texas.Bagnold, R. A., 1954, The physics of blown sand and desert dunes: London,Methuen, 265 p.Bigarella, J. J., 1972, Eolian environments: their characteristics, recognition,and importance, in Recognition of ancient sedimentary environments:SEPM Special Publication 15, p. 12-62.1979, Structural features at Lagoa Dune field, Brazil, in E. D.McKee, ed., A study of global sand seas: USGS Professional Paper1052,p. 114-134.Clemmensen, L. B., and K. Abrahamsen, 1983, Aeolian stratificationand facies association in desert sediments, Arran basin (Permian),Scotland: Sedimentology, v. 30, p. 311-339.Folk, R. L., 1974, Petrology of sedimentary rocks: Austin, Texas, Hemphill'sBook Store, 170 p.Fryberger, S. G., A. M. Al-Sari, and 1 J. Clisham, 1983, Eolian dune,interdune, sand sheet, and siliciclastic sabkha sediments of an offshoreprograding sand sea, Dhahran area, Saudi Arabia: AAPG Bulletin,v. 67, p. 280-312.Gage, M., 1980, A review of the Viking gas field, in Giant oil and gasfields of the decade: 1968-1978: AAPG Memoir 30, p. 39-57.Glennie, K. W., 1970, Desert sedimentary environments: Amsterdam,Elsevier, Developments in Sedimentology, v. 14,222 p.1972, Permian Rotliegendes of northwest Europe interpreted inlight of modern desert sedimentation studies: AAPG Bulletin, v. 56,p. 1048-1071.and A. T. Buller, 1983, The Permian Weissleigend of NWEurope: the partial deformation of aeolian dune sands caused by theZechstein transgression: Sedimentary Geology, v. 35, p. 43-81.Hartman, J. A., 1968, The Norphlet sandstone, Pelahatchie field,Rankin County, Mississippi: Gulf Coast Association of GeologicalSocieties Transactions, v. 18, p. 2-11.
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