PLANTPhysical barrier (fixed guard)A fixed guard (with no mov<strong>in</strong>g parts) that prevents access <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> dangerous part of<strong>the</strong> mach<strong>in</strong>ery and provides protection while <strong>the</strong> guard is <strong>in</strong> its <strong>in</strong>tended position isneeded. The physical barrier can only be altered or removed by <strong>the</strong> use of a <strong>to</strong>ol.A h<strong>in</strong>ged door acts as a physicalbarrier prevent<strong>in</strong>g access <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>drive wheel of a bandsaw. The dooris bolted shut with non-conventionalhead bolts that can only be removedus<strong>in</strong>g a special <strong>to</strong>ol.Where better vision of <strong>the</strong> cutt<strong>in</strong>gblade is required, use polycarbonateguards (e.g. panel saw).Presence sens<strong>in</strong>g systemThese guards are usually an unseen barrier created by pho<strong>to</strong>electric or similardevices capable of electronically detect<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>trusion <strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> hazardous area ofa mach<strong>in</strong>e. The presence-sens<strong>in</strong>g system <strong>the</strong>n shuts off power <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plant andmay, depend<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> plant, brake <strong>the</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g motion.These systems are designed with a high level of reliability and are designed <strong>to</strong>‘fail <strong>to</strong> safe’ when <strong>the</strong> system is activated.Au<strong>to</strong>matic rout<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>e witha light curta<strong>in</strong> detection system<strong>to</strong> prevent access <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> mach<strong>in</strong>e.10 WORKSAFE VICTORIA / A GUIDE TO SAFETY IN THE WOOD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
PLANTUSING HAND TOOLSThe def<strong>in</strong>ition of ‘hand <strong>to</strong>ols’ used <strong>in</strong> this document is ‘a <strong>to</strong>ol used with aperson’s hands’.It <strong>in</strong>cludes:• <strong>to</strong>ols that are designed for force <strong>to</strong> be applied by <strong>the</strong> person, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>gscrewdrivers, hammers, chisels, hacksaws, etc, and• <strong>to</strong>ols where <strong>the</strong> force is applied by a power source but needs a person <strong>to</strong> hold<strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>ol such as portable electric or battery drills, sanders or saws, pneumaticimpulse <strong>to</strong>ols, spray guns or nail guns, etc.The Musculoskeletal disorders risks from hand <strong>to</strong>ol usage ma<strong>in</strong>ly result from:• Tool design – weight, shape, fit <strong>to</strong> user, vibration, recoil, shock load<strong>in</strong>g• Workstation design – size, shape and layout• Task design – frequency, duration, speed of <strong>to</strong>ol usage• Tool ma<strong>in</strong>tenance – poorly ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>to</strong>ols may compromise <strong>safety</strong> and also<strong>in</strong>crease <strong>the</strong> effort required <strong>to</strong> use <strong>the</strong>m.Poor hand <strong>to</strong>ol design and excessive use of hand <strong>to</strong>ols are associated with chronicdisorders of <strong>the</strong> hand, wrist and forearm such as carpal tunnel syndrome and wristtendonitis. Major fac<strong>to</strong>rs affect<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> potential for <strong>in</strong>jury <strong>in</strong>clude:• Muscular effort <strong>in</strong> us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong>ols (hold<strong>in</strong>g, operat<strong>in</strong>g and guid<strong>in</strong>g) because of poorhandle design, or heavy, poorly balanced and/or poorly ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>to</strong>ols• Static load<strong>in</strong>g of arm and shoulder muscles from hold<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong>ols that can lead <strong>to</strong>fatigue when ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed for prolonged periods, and eventually <strong>to</strong> <strong>in</strong>jury• Awkward wrist positions that mean a <strong>to</strong>ol is held with <strong>the</strong> wrist bent up, downor sideways caus<strong>in</strong>g additional muscular effort <strong>in</strong> us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong>ols• Contact stresses that result <strong>in</strong> pressure on tissues or jo<strong>in</strong>ts, such as <strong>to</strong>olspress<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> palm at <strong>the</strong> base of <strong>the</strong> thumb where blood vessels andnerves pass through <strong>the</strong> hand. This contributes <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> development of carpaltunnel syndrome• Wide grip span can cause tendon <strong>in</strong>jury known as ‘trigger f<strong>in</strong>ger’. The risk is<strong>in</strong>creased when force is exerted at <strong>the</strong> limits of <strong>the</strong> grip span.WORKSAFE VICTORIA / A GUIDE TO SAFETY IN THE WOOD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 11