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IHS Fairplay Solutions Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems Sponsored by Practicalities With so many systems either fully approved or expected to be approved shortly, there is increasing pressure for the mandatory installation programme to begin without further delay. There are likely to be benefi ts for operators willing to consider installation ahead of any mandatory deadlines, as there could be a price advantage if manufacturers offer incentives for early orders to recoup some of their R&D costs. Another factor is the ability of shipyards to accommodate the rush to install equipment when the retrofi t deadlines hit. The choice of supplier is something that will need careful consideration bearing in mind that the system chosen is likely to be in use throughout the working life of the ship. The sheer number of ships that will come under the BWM Convention will include tens of thousands of existing vessels needing retrofi ts. However, once this bonanza has passed, manufacturers will only have the spares and service aftermarket and an average of around a thousand new ships per year to provide an income. The newbuilding market from 2016 onward is surely not suffi cient to support all of the systems now on the market or being developed. When contemplating the implementation of a BWTS an operator needs to look at various practicalities – primarily that the system will guarantee full compliance with the BWM Convention (once fully ratifi ed) and also that it will fi t within the space available on board. A lot of companies have employed the ideas learned from experience in wastewater treatment systems. An eff ective system should also both reduce the energy needed to haul sediment build-up and increase the ship’s cargocarrying capacity. The design of the ballast system pipe layout needs to be borne in mind, as well. Some systems make use of components that can be placed at various locations around the ship. For those systems that use active substances to treat micro-organisms, suffi cient stocks of those substances will have to be carried on board to satisfy the number of units installed and the frequency and quantity of ballast operations. Many systems use the eff ect of UV on water, or the properties of seawater to react to electric currents, to generate the active substance on board, which means that there is no need to hold stocks of an active substance on board. Another important aspect is the low operating pressure of an ultraviolet disinfection system, which saves costs in retrofi ts by allowing existing pumps to be employed and thereby often eliminating the need for reconstruction. Maintenance and inspections are essential for all systems. Abrasive sediment must not be allowed to build up and aff ect ballast tank coatings. Lamps and fi lters will need to be replaced and some form of pre-fi ltration is often desirable. Closely linked to maintenance is the level of training needed to ensure the system is operated correctly. Although most systems feature a high level of automation, others will require more manual intervention especially if active substances are involved. 40 © IHS Global Limited 2012 040_041_BW1204.indd 40 21/03/2012 18:47:14
Sponsored by IHS Fairplay Solutions Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems Questions to be asked System supplier Is the supplier an established organisation that can demonstrate marine water treatment experience? Is it likely that long-term maintenance contracts will be honoured? Will spare parts still be available if the manufacturer ceases trading? System status Does the system make use of an active substance? If so, has the substance been approved? Is the system type-approved? Can the manufacturer supply from stock or only to special order? Active substances Is the active substance an additive? If so, is it readily available? Does it present any health risk to crew? Is there a risk that the active substance will aff ect ballast tank coatings? (For this to be established it may be necessary to discuss the matter with the coating manufacturer or require tests to be carried out.) Cost considerations What will be the capital outlay per vessel? How much will the system cost to install? tall? l? How long will it take to install? Is a fl eet discount available? What are the system’s running costs? What is the electrical power consumption tioon of the system (min/max)? Replacement/additional fi lters/pumps? s? ? Maintenance and spare parts costs? Level of cost savings from less sediment t and reduced damage to tank coatings? ? Layout considerations How much space is available for installation? What are the installed system’s dimensions? Piping and cabling requirements? Is it a modular system? Can the system be installed either vertically or horizontally? Space needed to store active substances? System suitability Is the system designed, and tested, for prevailing realistic harbour conditions? Can the treatment process speed match the vessel’s ballasting requirements? For scalable systems, how many will be required to match vessel requirements? If an active substance is used, will it be aff ected by salinity or temperature at ports in the vessel’s normal area of operations? For vessels whose trading pattern involves short voyages, will the treatment process be completed in time for the next port call? If a retrofi t, are existing pumps suffi cient? Operation and maintenance What level of training is needed by the crew? Is the system fully automatic or is crew intervention required during operation? Where substances must be added, is the dosing system sy fail-safe? How frequently freq f do lamps or fi lters need to be cha changed? ang If a UV UUV system, does the lamps’ warm-up tim time me aaff ect the ship’s ballast regime? What Wha W percentage of lamps must be b operational o for the system to be b eff ective? Can Ca off -the-shelf parts be used? © IHS Global Limited 2012 41 040_041_BW1204.indd 41 21/03/2012 18:47:15
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