Building the User Interface by Using HTML5: Text, Graphics ... - server

22 | Lesson 2The busy Web site developers at Malted Milk Media have asked you to research newmarkup that’s available in HTML5. They’re particularly interested in graphics andmultimedia-related tags. Your task is to learn all that you can about new HTML5markup tags and prepare brief descriptions and provide examples of each.LICENSED PRODUCT NOT FOR RESALE■ Understanding the Essentials of HTMLTHE BOTTOM LINEHypertext Markup Language (HTML) uses markup to describe content for display on aWeb page. An element is the combination of tags and the content they enclose. You mayneed to use special characters on a Web page, which requires character encoding. Finally,every Web page requires the doctype declaration at the top of the page.Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is called a markup language because you use it todescribe (mark up) pieces of content to display on a Web page. A Web page with markupmeans it includes tags, which are keywords that help to give an HTML page structure.(You’ll learn more about tags shortly.) The key to using HTML is learning which tags to useand when. The combination of content, tags, and perhaps graphics, multimedia, and so onare what build a Web page.You can easily identify an HTML document because it has an .htm or .html file extension.When a Web browser or mobile device such as a smartphone opens an HTML file, it renders(interprets and reproduces) the content of the page.Basic Markup and Page StructureEvery HTML page includes tags. A tag is a keyword surrounded by angled brackets.Most tags come in pairs; one tag is called the opening or start tag, and the other is theclosing or end tag. A tag pair is case sensitive—a closing tag must have the same case asthe opening tag. A closing tag is identical to an opening tag except the closing tagincludes a slash before the keyword.Tags surround content and give it definition. For example, this markup creates a first-levelheading:Pet Care 101HTML also uses some single tags, like for a line break and for a horizontalline. In HTML 4, these tags are called empty tags because they don’t require an end tag.HTML5 is less restrictive than HTML 4. You don’t have to include end tags for all elements(although some elements still require start and end tags), and you can enter tags in uppercaseor lowercase. However, this book uses start and end tags, and all lowercase for markup,for consistency.There are many tags available for HTML pages. Some of the most commonly used tags arelisted in Table 2-1. The first four—, , , and —are requiredon every Web page.