Abstracts - Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft
Abstracts - Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft Abstracts - Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft
114 Behavioral Biology PostersP BB.19 - ENMagnetoperception in voles? Developing of a trainingsmethod to test common voles(Microtus arvalis) orientationStefanie Blohm, Joe Voss, Jana A. EccardDepartment of Animal Behaviour, University of BielefeldMagnetoreception is a widespread phenomenon through all major groups of animals but there areonly few evidents concerning mammals. How to test animals for the existence of such a magneticsense is a main problem as little is known about the underlying physiological mechanisms.In thisstudy we tried to develope a method to train Microtus arvalis to make orientation decisions accordingto a magnetic anomaly. To establish whether a common vole can be trained using cues we used astone as a tangible cue together with the magnet in the first training phase. After successful lerning ofthis double cue we removed the stone in phase II. We tried a two-choice conditioning test in an arenawhere voles were exposed and had to use the cues to find shelter, and a two-choice foraging experimentin the voles’ home cages.In both experiments some of the animals (45% in the two-choice testand even 70% in the foraging task) learned to use the double cue in phase I, showing an an increasein choosing the correct side with a proportion around 70% or even higher in an average of 10 (arenatest) or 5 (foraging experiment) decisions a day. After the removal of the stone in phase II all animalsreturned to a random proportion of correct and false decisions.The main result of this study is, that itseems to be generally possible to train Microtus arvalis on a given cue as an orientation aid, but wefound no support for voles’ ability to use magnetic anomalies as an orientation cue.P BB.20 - ENVibration sense as a determining factor for prey detection in the Kenyan sand boa(Gongylophis colubrinus)Nadine Vorwerk Tavares, Jill Ebert, Horst BleckmannInstitute of Zoology, University of BonnSand boas (subfamily Erycinae, family Boidae) are crepuscular and nocturnal sit-and-wait- predators.They live burrowed in the sand, so that only the front part of the labial scales and nose are visible,but not the eyes. Kenyan sand boas live in deserts and dry savannas in Eastern Africa and preyon small mammals. Apart from visual and olfactory cues sand boas may use vibrational informationfor prey detection. To test for vibrational sensitivity, a vibration-damped box (100x60x50cm) wasbuilt that consisted of two chambers. The two chambers, filled with a 7 cm layer of sand, were eithermechanically coupled so that vibration transduction through the sand by compressional and surfacewaves was possible, or they were mechanically uncoupled. During an experiment one chamberhoused the snake and the other chamber a juvenile mouse. Sand boas (N = 8) showed a reducedrate of tongue-flicking and body-movements when the two chambers were mechanically coupled.Although the substrate borne vibrations caused by the mouse altered the behaviour of the sand boasthey did not approach the mouse. Most likely the snakes showed the freezing behavior to avoidalerting the mouse.
Behavioral Biology Posters 115P BB.21 - ENShapes that elicit spitting in spitting cobrasRuben Berthé, Guido Westhoff, Horst BleckmannInstitute of Zoology, University of BonnSome cobras of the genus Naja (Serpentes: Elapidae) defend themselves by spitting their venom inthe face of an harasser. Since the venom is only effective if it hits at least one eye, we investigatedwhether and how spitting cobras recognize eyes (faces). To provoke spitting a black plate shaped likea human face (scale 1 : 1) was moved to and fro in front of the snakes. The plate was either presentedwithout eyes (control) or it was equipped with a pair of glass eyes (diameter 2 cm, distance betweeneyes 5 cm). Irrespective of whether the black plate was or was not equipped with eyes and irrespectiveof the colour, shininess and arrangement of the glass eyes, spitting was released in 77% - 97%of the cases (N = 9, 1 ≤ n ≤ 9) (Mann-Whitney test; always p > 0.05). These data suggest that eyesare not crucial for the release of the spitting act. In a second set of experiments the shape of the blackplate, now always presented without eyes, was modified. A black triangular shaped plate that had thesame surface area as the face shaped black plate elicited spitting in less than 26% of the cases (N =4, 6 ≤ n ≤ 24). The decrease in the likelihood of spitting was significant (Chi-square test; p < 0.01).Thus while eyes appear not to be necessary for the release of the spitting act the shape of the object(face) presented to the snake most likely is of importance.P BB.22 - ENSurvival of Paramecium caudatum at various pH values and under normoxic andhypoxic conditionsM. Saeed HeydarnejadBiology Department, University of Shahrekord, IranThe objective of this study was to determine the survival of Paramecium caudatum, a protozoanciliate, with different pH under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. P. caudatum was exposed to18 treatments (in triplicate) of varying pH (4, 4.7, 5.7, 6.7, 7.7, 8.7, 9.7, 10.7 and 11.7) with twodifferent conditions of normoxic and hypoxic. Survival was examined every second day for threeweeks. P. caudatum mortality was 100% immediately when exposed to pH 4, 10.7 and 11.7 either innormoxic or hypoxic conditions, whereas at other pH values tested this ciliate could survive mostlyunder hypoxic conditions. The results suggest that under hypoxic condition, 4.7-6.7 is the best pHrange for survival of this species.
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Behavioral Biology Posters 115P BB.21 - ENShapes that elicit spitting in spitting cobrasRuben Berthé, Guido Westhoff, Horst BleckmannInstitute of Zoology, University of BonnSome cobras of the genus Naja (Serpentes: Elapidae) defend themselves by spitting their venom inthe face of an harasser. Since the venom is only effective if it hits at least one eye, we investigatedwhether and how spitting cobras recognize eyes (faces). To provoke spitting a black plate shaped likea human face (scale 1 : 1) was moved to and fro in front of the snakes. The plate was either presentedwithout eyes (control) or it was equipped with a pair of glass eyes (diameter 2 cm, distance betweeneyes 5 cm). Irrespective of whether the black plate was or was not equipped with eyes and irrespectiveof the colour, shininess and arrangement of the glass eyes, spitting was released in 77% - 97%of the cases (N = 9, 1 ≤ n ≤ 9) (Mann-Whitney test; always p > 0.05). These data suggest that eyesare not crucial for the release of the spitting act. In a second set of experiments the shape of the blackplate, now always presented without eyes, was modified. A black triangular shaped plate that had thesame surface area as the face shaped black plate elicited spitting in less than 26% of the cases (N =4, 6 ≤ n ≤ 24). The decrease in the likelihood of spitting was significant (Chi-square test; p < 0.01).Thus while eyes appear not to be necessary for the release of the spitting act the shape of the object(face) presented to the snake most likely is of importance.P BB.22 - ENSurvival of Paramecium caudatum at various pH values and under normoxic andhypoxic conditionsM. Saeed HeydarnejadBiology Department, University of Shahrekord, IranThe objective of this study was to determine the survival of Paramecium caudatum, a protozoanciliate, with different pH under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. P. caudatum was exposed to18 treatments (in triplicate) of varying pH (4, 4.7, 5.7, 6.7, 7.7, 8.7, 9.7, 10.7 and 11.7) with twodifferent conditions of normoxic and hypoxic. Survival was examined every second day for threeweeks. P. caudatum mortality was 100% immediately when exposed to pH 4, 10.7 and 11.7 either innormoxic or hypoxic conditions, whereas at other pH values tested this ciliate could survive mostlyunder hypoxic conditions. The results suggest that under hypoxic condition, 4.7-6.7 is the best pHrange for survival of this species.
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