18the Crowthers, <strong>for</strong> instance, be asked to round up a review committee. The listI'm proposing is my own work, although it was compiled from many sources andwith a great deal of assistance.You will recall that the research was done abo<strong>ut</strong> 5 years ago, so somepeople currently active as <strong>cave</strong> cartographers, such as John Corcoran, were notincluded because they hadn't become prominant. You will note in the "Acknowledgements"the following western <strong>cave</strong>rs: Ray de Saussure, Bill Halliday Carl Kunath(one of the very best), Jim Quinlan, yourself (Russell), Dick Schreiber,A. RichardSmith. Terry Raines was contacted b<strong>ut</strong> characteristically failed to reply. I admireRaines' work, b<strong>ut</strong> he has never been very communicative.There's no argument, to my knowledge, that there should be a condensed,"basic" list and an exhaustive "supplemental" list. I would suggest the following<strong>for</strong> the basic list:horizontal entrancepassagecross sectionunderlying passageunsurveyed (unexplored) passageslopevertical droppassage height (air-filled)stalagmites presentstalactites presentcolunms presentrimst one damsflowstone on floorblock breakdownpitdomesmall streamlarge streamlakeThis is a total of 18; more or less could be included. I'm not too concerned toargue over what would be appropriate, b<strong>ut</strong> 15 or 20 symbols should be the limit.It is simply impossible not to have conflicts with other lists. I mean, youphysically cannot come up with a list which does not have a few conflicts with"symbols commonly in use elsewhere to show a different feature." I·ve tried notto propose changing any symbol in common use in the US -- which is why I'm notentirely congruent with the UIS list of symbols, b<strong>ut</strong> there's no use trying toavoid conflicts with all other USA lists, not to mention avoiding internationalconflicts.It would be a good idea to change my pillar symbol, yes. How abo<strong>ut</strong> this typeof hatching, it's often used overseas to indicate the bedrock wall of the ~ave:I.Both the basic and the supplemental lists should be adopted as the NSSstandard. Otherwise, we're right back to having no standardization. That's whatwe're trying to establish in the first place.The only o<strong>ut</strong>right conflicts between AMCSand myself are:massive flows tone I define this as "column"stalactites -- I use the USGS symbol <strong>for</strong> chertstalagmites -- dobedrock floor -- AMCS resembles my "<strong>box</strong>work" symbolWhen you say, "talus", Ithink you mean slab or chip breakdown. Talus is a
morphogenetic feature involving gravity erosion. Lots of chip breakdown lieswhere it fell, with no talus morphology.I'm also making a deliberate issue of "siphon", because there is hardly evera physical siphoning effect at these places. They are just low areas, traps,where water collects and fills the passage up to the ceiling. A true siphon, youwill recall, consists of two reservoirs connected by a higher (b<strong>ut</strong> air-tight)channel containing moving water under a vacuum.I'm not especially opposed to an "upper level" symbol, b<strong>ut</strong> the definitionshould make it clear that this is an uppermost level where two other, lower levels,also are present. It's not too logical to have an implied main level, and a lowerlevel, and an upper level, when there never are more than two passages involved.That is, people start thinking of geomorphic levels and terrace levels and olderand younger levels and pretty soon the map is full of implied <strong>cave</strong> history insteadof being purely descriptive.Your-water , depth sYmbol' comes from some other standard source, I know. Mine,from Audetat, is less likely to be confused with numbers standing <strong>for</strong> other things.I know of no other stateside <strong>cave</strong> map sYmbols list which uses ruled lines<strong>for</strong> water. This is common overseas, b<strong>ut</strong> essentially never in the US. I don't thinkyou could make it stick, even if it were adopted -- which is why I'm not trying,even though the UIS calls <strong>for</strong> ruled lines. If I should agree to change this, thenI'd have to rework several of my other water-related sYmbols. It's not worth it.See p. 16 et seq in the ms <strong>for</strong> a.full defense.Your "maSSive flowstone" is the same as Vineyard's "column", which is the oneI'm using in preference to the older list. It's not that much of a difference thatpeople would be confused, b<strong>ut</strong> it's not quite the same.There's no difference between your "flows tone column" and an ink spot, whichis why I'm not using individual dots <strong>for</strong> anything in my list. An ink spot alwayshas to be associated with an obviously intentional marking on the paper, otherwiseit will be ambiguous.Your"dome" sYmbol could be reconciled with my "ceiling ledge" simply by addingdots between the dashes. Even so, there is no way, in your system, to representdomepits -- features with both height and depth in relation to the reference level(an intersecting passage). I guess I was thinking "vertical shaft", and it wouldn'tbe too good an idea to leave genetic <strong>cave</strong> interpretation up to week-end <strong>cave</strong>surveyors. Can you modify yours to include alternatively pits and/or domes orboth in the same scheme of sYmbol?I agree that, ideally, bedrock floor should be mapped, not assumed. On theother hand, if bedrock floor is mapped over a large area, the symbol will causeproblems with mapping anything else. Try mapping a bedrock stream channel containingbreakdown, <strong>for</strong> example. It will become extremely cl<strong>ut</strong>tered, especiallyafter reduction. If there are speleothems on the ceiling above, it will becomeincomprehensible and require two or more maps, each showing one class of <strong>cave</strong>feature - speleothems, water, floor materials. This is why I said "assumed" ifnot mapped. I won't argue over it, though, if you want to drop the "assumed" part.Boxwork is so rare that there probably would be no harm in retaining yoursymbol. Few opportunities <strong>for</strong> conflict. One other criticism is ~hat youcannot map the true areal extent of a bedrock floor as I can, because your symbolconsists of disconnected segments whereas mine is continuous•.I'll go along with your "human debris" -- my <strong>cave</strong> area has many more arrowheadsthan pots, so I naturally drew an arrowhead.You have no o<strong>ut</strong>right conflicts with UIS except your "column", which they use<strong>for</strong> "stalagmite."19
- Page 1: ASSCCIATION FOR MEXICAN CAVE STUDIE
- Page 5 and 6: 3So the large-entranced sotano whic
- Page 7 and 8: 5MINA OTATES, T&~.: DSC. 25, 1974,
- Page 9: MERIDA, YUC.: OCT. 1974, David McKe
- Page 13 and 14: AMCSMEMBERSHIP ACTIVITIES LETTEREdi
- Page 15 and 16: 3Michael Schulte has been working o
- Page 17 and 18: 5To the right of the partition in t
- Page 19 and 20: 7Diamond Cave RevisitedAndy Grubbs,
- Page 21 and 22: 9CHE~-VEN-SIL-MUTSYSTEM\+--1000 ft.
- Page 23 and 24: Cave Map Symbols11On the following
- Page 25 and 26: 13I NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL ISOCIETY
- Page 27 and 28: ASSOCIATION FOR MEXIC&~ CAVE STUDIE
- Page 29 and 30: 17Discussion of Map Symbolsby Bill
- Page 31: 19in a 90 meter pit could collect d
- Page 35 and 36: AMCSACTIVITIES LETTEREdited by Bill
- Page 37 and 38: 3After leaving Valladolid we went t
- Page 39 and 40: CASI UlL 5By Bill Stone as told to
- Page 41 and 42: June 97Dear AMCSRE:Diamond CaveAfte
- Page 43 and 44: Anyways we speleo-boppedEstrella an
- Page 45 and 46: The adrenelin still pumping through
- Page 47 and 48: 13Sotano Hondo de Pina1itoBy Steven
- Page 49 and 50: CAVE MAP SYMBOLS(continued)15The AM
- Page 51: mechanical shading -- the dots, con
- Page 55 and 56: height variation, say. across the w
- Page 57 and 58: 23that list to include a broader se
- Page 59 and 60: 25be represented by rigidly p,eomet
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- Page 67 and 68: AlfCSACTIVITIES LETTEREdited by Bil
- Page 69 and 70: 35. I personally had the following
- Page 71 and 72: volunteered to rescue the bag. They
- Page 73 and 74: one large black hole near the top o
- Page 75 and 76: The next day we left camp at dawn a
- Page 77 and 78: 11First Exploration of NogalThursda
- Page 79 and 80: '"entire passage has·solutional ro
- Page 81 and 82: 13Date: January, 1975Destination: A
- Page 83 and 84: 15Trip Report, Christmas-New Years
- Page 85 and 86: THEOTATES MINE AREA17SIERRA DE EL A
- Page 87: large storms, this arroyo sends flo
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- Page 92 and 93: 22Diamante received its name from t
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3View across the botto~ of Hoya de
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dubbed "The 170" quickly led to ano
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Roy dropped 3 pits an'i :l cave nea
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which would have been hazardous hol
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\I0YA DE LA LUZProfile B-B'Located
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12hotic DiseasesThe August 1976 iss
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14San Juan Area Nov 1976"eo?le: Tr~
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16Caving in Puebla, Vera Cruz, and
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RETURN TO HUAUTLA~Jith t~e 1976-77
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20SCHOOL BUS SCOOPSZOaUITLAN AREA~)
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enU~«
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2April 1, 1977, marks the 10th anni
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TRIP REPORTSDestination: Cueva del
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5uestination: Sierra las Alazanas a
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The Fissure t..as located by T.P.
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11The next morning Francisco "Kissi
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12could scamper up a wed~ed log and
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14This idea was thwarted given an u
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16NEW YEAR'S DAY IN SAN AGUSTINan t
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1'1later Jim and I began the long c
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20Our group of six intended on rapp
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22here and poked around for leads.
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24and myself about trash and abando
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line didn't cross; nylon against ny
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...'"1IIc.21II .._1II~(,),-• c..'
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30Medical Report On The April 1977
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'32One caver alInost lost her voice
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34considered normal. The diabetic d
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36Jim Smit~ Has followinp, Blake Ha
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3~the spot would make a smaU slip.
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AMCSACTIVITIeSNewsLe TTe Rno. 7
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'International NewsTHE SIERRA DE GU
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International Newsin the entrance a
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The Ten Deepest Caves in Mexicoby B
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to a drop. t returned and dropped a
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to the entrance. From San Andres we
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stove in a semi-catatonic state. He
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above the roaring cascades. At time
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With two leads 'beckoning we began
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Chaining a passage in Cueva de Infi
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the cave. We pulled our rope down b
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increased the cave's depth to -197
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series of parallel ascending (+30 0
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La Sistema Purificacidn: a theory a
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Between the Cold and the" GlorybyTe
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Back tothe Bird PitsbyBill StoneSum
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'Getting Down in Peiiaby Bill Stone
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CUEVADELAPENAPROFI LEmetersoRanc ho