DNA Evidence - Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute

DNA Evidence - Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute DNA Evidence - Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute

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DNA Evidence The topic of DNA is so thoroughly linked to forensic science, that it is assumed in almost every violent crimes case. A reflection of its ubiquity may be that this section of the bibliography contains the largest number of citations. This section primarily addresses human DNA; however; plant and non-human animal DNA are increasingly playing part in criminal investigations. Conservation Agents often use DNA to solve pouching cases, and plant DNA has been used to identify or link illicit drug evidence such as marijuana to scenes and suspects. This is perhaps the single most cross-referenced category of the bibliography. One can understand why since almost every material at a crime scene may hold viable DNA evidence as a substrate or questioned sample. For example the soil in a grave from which a body was moved could contain decompitus bearing the victim's DNA; the thorns of a bush which scratched a subject while he disposed of a body could bear his DNA; biting insects have been found to contain viable amounts of DNA related to victims or suspects; and firearms might hold the DNA from the individuaul how gripped the gun while the barrel contains victim blood or tissue blown back toward the gun and suspect. This category also includes references which are, or could be included in that of Geoarchaeology and Soil Science or Excavation and Recovery Strategies. Many examples, such as Burger (2002) or Stone and Stoneking (1999) discuss the identification of ancient DNA in spite of the burial of the substrates or their exposure to the elements. The refinement of DNA technology continues to require smaller and smaller amounts of material for examination. Likewise, age and contamination issues are addressed in many citations. Proper collection techniques are not only topics of some references below but also in general crime scene investigation references contained in General Crime Scene and Death Scene Investigation Topics. (3532 citations) Aasen, E., and J.F. Medrano 1990 Amplification of the ZFY and ZFX Genes for Sex Identification in Humans, Cattle, Sheep and Goats. Biotechnology, 8(12):1279-1281. Abaz, J., S.J. Walsh, J.M. Curran D.S. Moss, J. Cullen, J. Bright, Et Al. 2002 Comparison of the Variables Affecting the Recovery of DNA from Common Drinking Containers. Forensic Science International, 126(3):233-240. Abbott, A. 2003 Anthropologists Cast Doubt on Human DNA Evidence. Nature, 423:468. 939

<strong>DNA</strong> <strong>Evidence</strong><br />

The topic of <strong>DNA</strong> is so thoroughly linked to forensic science, that it is assumed in almost every violent<br />

crimes case. A reflection of its ubiquity may be that this section of the bibliography contains the largest number of<br />

citations. This section primarily addresses human <strong>DNA</strong>; however; plant and non-human animal <strong>DNA</strong> are<br />

increasingly playing part in criminal investigations. Conservation Agents often use <strong>DNA</strong> to solve pouching cases,<br />

and plant <strong>DNA</strong> has been used to identify or link illicit drug evidence such as marijuana to scenes and suspects.<br />

This is perhaps the single most cross-referenced category of the bibliography. One can understand why<br />

since almost every material at a crime scene may hold viable <strong>DNA</strong> evidence as a substrate or questioned sample.<br />

For example the soil in a grave from which a body was moved could contain decompitus bearing the victim's <strong>DNA</strong>;<br />

the thorns of a bush which scratched a subject while he disposed of a body could bear his <strong>DNA</strong>; biting insects have<br />

been found to contain viable amounts of <strong>DNA</strong> related to victims or suspects; and firearms might hold the <strong>DNA</strong> from<br />

the individuaul how gripped the gun while the barrel contains victim blood or tissue blown back toward the gun and<br />

suspect. This category also includes references which are, or could be included in that of Geoarchaeology and Soil<br />

Science or Excavation and Recovery Strategies. Many examples, such as Burger (2002) or Stone and Stoneking<br />

(1999) discuss the identification of ancient <strong>DNA</strong> in spite of the burial of the substrates or their exposure to the<br />

elements.<br />

The refinement of <strong>DNA</strong> technology continues to require smaller and smaller amounts of material for<br />

examination. Likewise, age and contamination issues are addressed in many citations. Proper collection techniques<br />

are not only topics of some references below but also in general crime scene investigation references contained in<br />

General Crime Scene and Death Scene Investigation Topics.<br />

(3532 citations)<br />

Aasen, E., and J.F. Medrano<br />

1990 Amplification of the ZFY and ZFX Genes for Sex Identification in Humans, Cattle, Sheep and Goats. Biotechnology, 8(12):1279-1281.<br />

Abaz, J., S.J. Walsh, J.M. Curran D.S. Moss, J. Cullen, J. Bright, Et Al.<br />

2002 Comparison of the Variables Affecting the Recovery of <strong>DNA</strong> from Common Drinking Containers. Forensic Science International,<br />

126(3):233-240.<br />

Abbott, A.<br />

2003 Anthropologists Cast Doubt on Human <strong>DNA</strong> <strong>Evidence</strong>. Nature, 423:468.<br />

939


Abrahamson, S.<br />

2002 Using <strong>DNA</strong> to Solve Cold Cases. Commission Report NCJ 194197. National <strong>Institute</strong> of Justice, Washington, D.C.<br />

Abrams, E.S., S.E. Murdaugh, and L.S. Lerman<br />

1990 Comprehensive Detection of Single Base Changes in Human Genomic <strong>DNA</strong> Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and a GC Clamp.<br />

Genomics, 7(4):463-75.<br />

Abrams, A. Reusse, A. Ward, and J. Lacapra<br />

2008 A Simulated Arson Experiment and Its Effect on the Recovery of <strong>DNA</strong>. Canadian Society of Forensic Sciences Journal, 41:53-60.<br />

Aboud, Maurice J.<br />

2009 A Rapid Penta STR Screening Method by Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis. A Poster Presentation before the 61 st Annual Meeting<br />

of the Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 16-21, Denver, Colorado<br />

Abu Al-Soud, W., L.J. Jönsson, and P. Rådström<br />

2000 Identification and Characterization of Immunoglobulin G in Blood as a Major Inhibitor of Diagnostic PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology,<br />

38(1):345-350.<br />

Abu, Al-Soud, W., and P. Radstrom<br />

1998 Capacity of Nine Thermosable <strong>DNA</strong> Polymerases to Mediate <strong>DNA</strong> Amplification in the Presence of PCR-Inhibiting Samples. Appl Environ<br />

Microbiol, 64(10):3748-3753.<br />

Ada, G.L.<br />

1977 The Potential Hazardsof Recombinant <strong>DNA</strong> Research: Their Assessment and Management. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 9(3):93-97.<br />

1985 Some Current and Future Developments in Biology Using Recombinant <strong>DNA</strong> Technology. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 17(3):84-93.<br />

Adachi, Noboru, Kazuo Umetsu, Wataru Takigawa, and Kazuhiro Sakaue<br />

2004 Phylogenetic Analysis of the Human Ancient Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong>. Journal of <strong>Archaeological</strong> Science, 31(10): 1339-1348.<br />

Adams, D.E., L.A. Presley, A.L. Baumstark, K.W. Hensley, P.A. Campbell, C.M. McLaughlin, B. Budowle, A.M. Giusti, J.B. Smerick, and F.S.<br />

Baechtel<br />

1991 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (<strong>DNA</strong>) Analysis by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms of Blood and Other Body Fluid Stains<br />

Subjected to Contamination and Environmental Insults. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 36(5):1284-1298.<br />

Adams, Tiffany<br />

2010 <strong>DNA</strong> Laboratory Bailout: No-Cost Methods for Improving Productivity. A Poster Presentation before the 62nd Annual Scientific<br />

Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (Advance Program), February 22-27, Seattle, Washington.<br />

Adcock, G.J., and A. Thorne<br />

2001 Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Sequences in Ancient Australians: Implications for Modern Human Origins. Proceedings of the National Academy of<br />

Sciences, 98:537-542.<br />

Adderley, R., and J.W. Bond<br />

2008 The Effects of Deprivation on the Time Spent Examining Crime Scenes and the Recovery of <strong>DNA</strong> and Fingerprints. Journal of<br />

Forensic Sciences, 53(1):178-192.<br />

Ago, Kazutoshi, Mihoko Ago, Shiro Nakagawa, and Mamoru Ogata<br />

2005 Gender-Specific Amplification of Japanese Macaque Genes Using Primers for the Human DYS391 and DYS438 Loci. Legal Medicine, 7(3):190-<br />

193.<br />

Ago, Kazutoshi, Yoshiyuki Orihara, Miholo Ago, Shiro Nakagawa, and Mamoru Ogata<br />

2004 Evaluation of the Species Specifically for Six Human Short Tandem Repeat Loci CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, F13A01, FESFPS, and vWA, in the<br />

Japanese Macaque. Legal Medicine, 6(2):63-142.<br />

Ago, Kazutoshi, Isao Yuasa, Kazuo Umetsu, Mihoko Ago, and Mamoru Ogata<br />

2000 Y-Chromosomal STR Haplotyping in a Japanese Population. Legal Medicine, 2(3):163-165.<br />

Aguilar, Arturo J., Kimberly C. Clabaugh, Anthony Carter, Sudhir K. Sinha, and Steven B. Lee<br />

2008 Development of a Y Alu <strong>DNA</strong> Screening Assay Using Y Alu Derived Sequence for Detection on the FMBIO III Plus. A Presentation<br />

before the 60th Anniversary Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 18-23, Washington, D.C.<br />

Ahmad, Taha, Amy B. McGuckian, Julie Conover Sikorsky, Cecelia A. Crouse, and Russell W. Miller<br />

2009 Biomatrica <strong>DNA</strong> SampleMatrix® - A New Prospect for Forensic <strong>DNA</strong> Sample Storage. A Poster Presentation before the 61 st Annual<br />

Meeting of the Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 16-21, Denver, Colorado<br />

Akane, A., K. Matsubara, H. Nakamura, S. Takahashi, and K. Kimura<br />

1994 Identification of the Heme Compound Copurified with Deoxyribonucleic Acid (<strong>DNA</strong>) from Bloodstains, a Major Inhibitor of<br />

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplification. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 39(2):362-372. (also cited as Volume 34)<br />

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Akane, A., K. Matsubara, H. Shiono, I. Yuasa, S.-I. Yokota, M. Yamada, and Y. Nakagome<br />

1990 Paternity Testing: Blood Group Systems and <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis by Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Markers. Journal of Forensic Sciences,<br />

35(5):1217-1225.<br />

Akane, A., S. Seki, H. Shiono, H. Nakamura, M. Hasegawa, M. Kagawa, et al.<br />

1992 Sex Determination of Forensic Samples by Dural PCR Amplification of an X-Y Homologous Gene. Forensic Science International,<br />

52:143-148.<br />

Akane, A., H. Shiono, K. Matsubara, Y. Nakahori, S. Seki, S. Nagafuchi, M. Yamada, and Y. Nakagome<br />

1991 Sex Identification of Forensic Specimens by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Two Alternative Methods. Forensic Science International,<br />

49:81-88.<br />

Akane, A., H. Shiono, K. Matsubara, H. Nakamura, M. Hasegawa, and M. Kagawa<br />

1993 Purification of Forensic Specimens for the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Analysis. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 38(3):691-701.<br />

Akane, A., S. Yoshimura, M. Yoshida, Y. Okii, T. Watabiki, K. Matsubara, and K. Kimura<br />

1996 ABO Genotyping Following a Single PCR Ampification. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 41(2):<br />

Akbari, M., M.D. Hansen, J. Halgunset, F. Skorpen, and H.E. Krokan<br />

2005 Low Copy Number <strong>DNA</strong> Template Can Render Polymerase Chain Reaction Error Prone in a Sequence-Dependent Manner. J. Mol Diagn,<br />

7(1):36-39.<br />

Akiyama, Katsunori, and Makoto Nogami<br />

2003 Analysis of the Polymorphic Structure of Short Tandem Repeats Locus D18S555. Legal Medicine, 5(1):55-59.<br />

Akiyama, Katsunori, and Tomio Yoshii, and Makoto Nogami<br />

2002 Analysis of the Polymorphic Structure of the D7S808-Short Tandem Repeat (STR). Legal Medicine, 4(3):178-181.<br />

Alakoç, Yeşim Doğan, and Penbe Sema Aka<br />

2009 “Orthograde Entrance Technique” to Recover <strong>DNA</strong> from Ancient Teeth Preserving the Physical Structure. Forensic Science International,<br />

188(1):96-98.<br />

Alam, S., S.R. Brailsford, R.A. Whiley, and D. Beighton<br />

PCR-based Methods for Genotyping Viridans Group Streptococci. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37:2772-2776.<br />

Albaz, J., S.J. Walsh, J.M. Curran, D.S. Moss, J. Cullen, J.-A. Bright, et al.<br />

2002 Comparison of Variables Affecting the Recovery of <strong>DNA</strong> from Common Drinking Containers. Forensic Science International, 126:233-240.<br />

Albert, J., J. Wahlberg, and M. Uhlen<br />

1993 Forensic <strong>Evidence</strong> by <strong>DNA</strong> Sequencing. Nature, 361:595-596.<br />

Alcamo, Edward I.<br />

2000 <strong>DNA</strong> Technology, Awesome Skill, Second Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.<br />

(ISBN: 0120489201)<br />

Alenizi, Mohammad A., William Goodwin, Sibte hadi, Homod H. Alenizi, Khaleda A. Altamar, and Mona S. Alsikel<br />

2009 Concordance Between the AmpFℓSTR® MiniFiler and AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® PCR Amplification Kits in the Kuwaiti Population. Journal<br />

of Forensic Sciences, 54(2):350-352.<br />

Aler, M., P. Sánchez-Diz, I. Gomes, M. Gisbert, A. Carracedo, A. Amorim, and L. Gusmão<br />

2007 Genetic Data of 10 X-STRs in a Spanish Population Sample. Forensic Science International, 173(2-3):193-196.<br />

Alessandrini, Federica, Monia Cecati, Mauro Pesaresi, Chiara Turchi, Flavia Carle, and Adriano Tagliabracci<br />

2003 Fingerprints as <strong>Evidence</strong> for a Genetic Profile: Morphological Study on Fingerprints and Analysis of Exogenous and Individual<br />

Factors Affecting <strong>DNA</strong> Typing. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 48(3):586-592.<br />

Alford, R.L., and C.T. Caskey<br />

1994 <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis in Forensics, Disease, and Animal/Plant Identification. Current Opinions in Biotechnology, 5(1):29-33.<br />

Allard, M.W., K. Miller, M. Wilson, K. Monson, and B. Budowle<br />

2002 Characterization of the Caucasian Haplogroups Present in the SWGDAM Forensic mt<strong>DNA</strong> Dataset for 1771 Human Control Region Sequences.<br />

Journal of Forensic Sciences, 47:1-9.<br />

Allard, M.W., D. Polanskey, K. Miller, M.R. Wilson, K.L. Monson, and B. Budowle<br />

2005 Characterization of Human Control Region Sequences of the African American SWGDAM Forensic mt<strong>DNA</strong> Data Set. Forensic Science<br />

International, 148:169-179.<br />

Allard, Marc W., Deborah Polanskey, Mark R. Wilson, Keith L. Monson, and Bruce Budowle<br />

2006 Evaluation of Variation in Control Region Sequences for Hispanic Individuals in the SWGDAM mt<strong>DNA</strong> Data Set. Journal of<br />

941


Forensic Sciences, 51(3):566-575.<br />

Allard, Marc W., Mark R. Wilson, Keith L. Monson, and Bruce Budowle<br />

2004 Control Region Sequences for East Asian Individuals in the Scientific Working Group on <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis Methods Forensic mt<strong>DNA</strong> Data Set.<br />

Legal Medicine, 6(1):11-24.<br />

Allard, M.W., D. Young, and Y. Huyen<br />

1995 Detecting Dinosaur <strong>DNA</strong>. Science, 268:1192.<br />

Allen, M., A.S. Engstrom, S. Meyers, O. Handt, T. Saldeen, A. von Haeseler, et al.<br />

1998 Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Sequencing of Shed Hairs and Saliva on Robbery Caps: Sensitivity and Matching Probabilities. Journal of<br />

Forensic Sciences, 43(3):453-464.<br />

Allen, M. T. Saldeen, U. Pettersson, and U. Gyllensten<br />

1993 Genetic Typing of HLA Class II Genes in Swedish Populations: Application to Forensic Analysis. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 38(3):554-570.<br />

Allen, M., T. Saldeen, and U. Gyllensten<br />

1994 PCR-Based <strong>DNA</strong> Typing of Saliva on Stamps and Envelopes. Biotechniques, 17(3):546-552.<br />

1995 Allele-Specific Hla-Drb1 Amplification of Forensic <strong>Evidence</strong> Samples with Mixed Genotypes. Biotechniques, 19:454-463.<br />

Allen, Melinda S., Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith, and Ann Horsburgh<br />

2001 Pacific 'Babes': Issues in the Origins and Dispersal of Pacific Pigs and the Potential of Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis. International Journal of<br />

Osteoarchaeology, 11(1-2):4-13.<br />

Allen, Robert W.<br />

2009 Quantitation of Total and Male Chromosomal <strong>DNA</strong> Using Multiplex PCR and Capillary Electrophoresis. A Presentation before the<br />

61 st Annual Meeting of the Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 16-21, Denver, Colorado.<br />

Allen, R.W., and V.M. Fuller<br />

2006 Quantitation of Human Genomic <strong>DNA</strong> Through Amplification of the Amelogenin Locus. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 51(1):76-81.<br />

Allen, Robert W., Jill Pogemiller, Janice Joslin, Melisa Gulick, and Jane Pritchard<br />

2008 Identification Through Typing of <strong>DNA</strong> Recovered from Touch Transfer <strong>Evidence</strong>: Parameters Affecting Yield of Recovered Human <strong>DNA</strong>.<br />

Journal of Forensic Identification, 58(1):33-41.<br />

Allor, Catherine, David D. Einum, and Marco Scarpetta<br />

2005 Identification and Characterization of Variant Alleles at CODIS STR Loci. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 50(5):1128-1133.<br />

Almer, Johanne, Roger Frappier, Andrew Greenfield, Cecilia Hageman, John M. Laird, and Jonathan Newman<br />

2007 Organizational Structure and Service Delivery: Matching Analytical Capacity to the Deman for Forensic <strong>DNA</strong>. A Presentation before<br />

the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 19-24, 2007, San Antonio, Texas.<br />

Alonso, Antonio, Cristina Albarran, Pablo Martin, Pilar Garcia, Oscar Garcia, Concepcion de la Rua, Ainhoa Alzualde, Lourdes Fernandez de<br />

Simon, Manuel Sancho, and Jose Fernandez Piqueras<br />

2003 Multiplex PCR of Short Amplicons for mt<strong>DNA</strong> Sequencing from Ancient <strong>DNA</strong>. International Congress Series, 1239:585-588.<br />

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P. Garcia, L. Drmic, B. Rezie, S. Kuret, M. Sancho, and D. Primorac<br />

2001 <strong>DNA</strong> Typing from Skeletal Remains: Evaluation of Multiplex and Megaplex STR Systems on <strong>DNA</strong> Isolated from Bone and Teeth<br />

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1987 The Use of Seperator Isoelectric Focusing in Micro-Ultrathin Polyacrylamide Gels in the Characterization of Some Polymorphic<br />

Proteins of Forensic Science Significance. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 32(6):<br />

Alonso, Antonio, and Pablo Martin<br />

2004 A Real-Time PCR Protocol to Determine the Number of Amelogen (x-y) Gene Copies form Forensic <strong>DNA</strong> Samples. Methods Mol Biol, 297:31-<br />

44.<br />

Alonso, A., P. Martin, C. Albarran, O. Garcia, and M. Sancho<br />

1996 Rapid Detection of Sequence Polymorphisms in the Human Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Control Region by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Single-<br />

Strand Comformation Analysis in Mutation Detection Enhancement Gels. Electrophoresis, 17(8):1299-1301.<br />

Alonso, A., P. Martin, C. Albarrán, P. Garcia, L. Fernández de Simon, M.J. Ituralde, A. Fernández-Rodriguez, I. Atienza, J. Capilla, J. Garcia-Hirschfeld, P.<br />

Martinez, G. Vallejo, O. Garcia, P. Real, D. Alvarez, A. Leon, and M. Sancho<br />

2005 Challenges of <strong>DNA</strong> Profiling in Mass Disaster Investigations. Croation Medical Journal, 46(4):540-548.<br />

Alonso, Antonio, Pablo Martin, Cristina Albarrán, Pilar Garcia, Ascar García, Lourdes Fernández de Simón, Julia García-Hirschfeld, Manuel<br />

Sncho, Concepción de la Rúa and Jose Fernández-Piqueras<br />

942


2004 Real-Time PCR Designs to Estimate Nuclear and Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Copy Number in Forensic and Ancient <strong>DNA</strong> Studies. Forensic<br />

Science International, 139(2-3):141-149.<br />

Alonso, A., P. Martin, C. Albarrán, P. Garcia, D. Primorac, O. García, et al.<br />

2004 Specific Quantification of Human Genomes from Low Copy Number <strong>DNA</strong> Samples in Forensic and Ancient <strong>DNA</strong> Studies. Croation<br />

Medical Journal, 44:273-280.<br />

Alonso, A., P. Martin, C. Albarran, O. Garcia, and DSL Fernandez<br />

2004 Real-Time PCR Designs to Estimate Nuclear and Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Copy Number in Forensic and Ancient <strong>DNA</strong> Studies. Forensic<br />

Science International, 139:141-149.<br />

Alonso, A., A. Salas, C. Albarran, E. Arroyo, A. Castro, M. Crespillo, et al.<br />

2002 Results of the 1999-2000 Collaborative Exercise and Profeciency Testing Program on Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> of the GEP-ISFG: An Inter-<br />

Laboratory Study of the Observed Variability in the Heteroplasmy Level of Hair From the Same Donor. Forensic Science International, 125(1):1-<br />

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1997 Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A New Generation of Protein Database Search Programs. Nucleic Acids Research, 25:3389-3402.<br />

Al-Soud, W.A., and P. Rådström<br />

1998 Capacity of Nine Thermostable <strong>DNA</strong> Polymerases to Mediate <strong>DNA</strong> Amplification in the Presence of PCR-Inhibiting Samples. Appl Environ<br />

Microbiol, 64(10):3748-3753.<br />

2001 Purification and Characterization of PCR-Inibitory Components in Blood Cells. J Clin Microbiol, 39(2):485-493.<br />

Altuncul, Havva, Ersi Abaci Kalfoglu, W. Eisenmenger, and Sevil Atasoy<br />

2003 A Comparative Study in <strong>DNA</strong> Extraction from Skeletal Remains. Proceedings of the 3rd European Academy of Forensic Science<br />

Meeting, September 22-27, Istanbul, Turkey. Forensic Science International, 136(Supplement 1):41.<br />

Altuncul, Havva, Berzell Rolf, Ersi Abaci Kalfoglu, W. Eisenmenger, and Sevil Atasoy<br />

2003 Maternity Estimation from Skeletal Remains: A Case Report. Proceedings of the 3rd European Academy of Forensic Science Meeting,<br />

September 22-27, Istanbul, Turkey. Forensic Science International, 136(Supplement 1):62.<br />

Alvarez, J. Carlos, Diana L.E. Johnson, Jose A. Lorente, Esther Marinez-Espin, Luis J. Martinez-Gonzalez, Marc Allard, Mark R. Wilson, and Bruce<br />

Budowle<br />

2007 Characterization of Human Control Region Sequences for Spanish Individuals in a Forensic mt<strong>DNA</strong> Data Set. Legal Medicine, 9(6):293-304.<br />

Alvarez, Garcia A., I. Munoz, C. Pestoni, M.V. Lareu, M.S. Rodriguez-Calvo, and A. Carracedo<br />

1996 Effect of Environmental Factors on PCR-<strong>DNA</strong> Analysis from Dental Pulp. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 109:125-129.<br />

Alvarez, Michelle S., and Jack Ballantyne<br />

2005 Age Determination: The Identification of Newborns Using Messenger RNA Profiling Analysis. A Presentation before the 57th Annual<br />

Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 21-26, 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana.<br />

2006a Age Determination by RNA Profiling: Validation of a Newborn Child-Specific Real-Time PCR Assay. A Presentation before the<br />

58th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 20-25, Seattle, Washington.<br />

2006b The Identification of Newborns Using Messenger RNA Profiling Analysis. Anal Biochem, 357(1):21-34.<br />

Alvarez, M., J. Juusola, and J. Ballantyne<br />

2004 An mRNA and <strong>DNA</strong> Co-Isolation Method for Forensic Casework Samples. Anal Biochem, 335(2):289-298.<br />

Alves, Cintia, Verónica Gomes, maria João Prata, António Amorim, and Leonor Gusmão<br />

2007 Population Data for Y-Chromosome Haplotypes Defined by 17 STRs (AmpFISTR YFiler) in Portugal. Forensic Science International,<br />

171(2-3):250-255.<br />

Alves, C., A. Amorin, L. Gusmão, and L. Pereira<br />

2001 VWA STR Genotyping: Further Inconsistencies Between Perkin-Elmer and Promega Kits. International Journal of Legal Medicine,<br />

115:97-99.<br />

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2000 The Ancestry of Brazilian mt<strong>DNA</strong> Lineages. American Journal of Human Genetics, 67:444-461.<br />

Amick, Janeice, Dale Bivins, Kerrie Cathcart, Lesley Hammer, and Turner Pippin<br />

2004 Integrating <strong>DNA</strong> Collection into the Latent Print Section. Journal of Forensic Identification, 54(2):170-177.<br />

Amorim, A., C. Alves, L. Pereira, and L. Gusmão<br />

2004 Genotyping Inconsistencies and Null Alleles Using AmpFℓSTR® and Powerplex® 16 Kits. Progress in Forensic Genetics 10, Elsevier, New<br />

York, NY, 1261:176-178.<br />

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Amorim, A., L. Pereira<br />

2005 Pros and Cons in the Use of SNPs in Forensic Kinship Investigation: A Comparative Analysis with STRs. Forensic Science<br />

International, 150(1):17-21. (also cited as 152:95-9)<br />

Amory, S., C. Keyser, E. Crubézy, and B. Ludes<br />

2007 STR Typing of Ancient <strong>DNA</strong> Extracted from Hair Shafts of Siberian Mummies. Forensic Science International, 166(2-3):218-229.<br />

Amos, W., J.I. Hoffman, A. Frodsham, L. Zhang, S. Best, and A.V.S. Hill<br />

2007 Automated Binning of Microsatellite Alleles: Problems and Solutions. Mol Ecol Notes, 7(1):10-14.<br />

An, J., M. Lee, M. Min, M. Lee, and H. Lee<br />

2007 A Molecular Genetic Approach for Species Identification of Mammals and Sex Determination of Birds in a Forensic Case of Poaching from<br />

South Korea. Forensic Science International, 167:59-61.<br />

Andersen, J.<br />

1998 Quantification of <strong>DNA</strong> by Slot-Blot Analysis. Methods Mol. Biol., 98:33-38.<br />

Andersen, J., and S. Bramble<br />

1997 The Effects of Fingermark Enhancement Light Sources on Subsequent PCR-STR <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis of Fresh Bloodstains. Journalof<br />

Forensic Sciences, 42(2):303-306.<br />

Anderson, A.<br />

1989 <strong>DNA</strong> Fingerprinting on Trial. Nature, 342:844-<br />

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2001 Another Powerful Forensic Genetic Tool: Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Typing. Forensic <strong>Evidence</strong>, 49(5):5-28..<br />

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2001 Population Variation at the CODIS Core Short Tandem Repeat Loci in Europeans. Legal Medicine, 3(1):29-33.<br />

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2002 Population Data at 13 STR Loci for Three Native Alaska Population Groups. Forensic Science International, 129:51-57.<br />

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2001 Population Data on the STR Loci D2S1338 and D19S433. Forensic Science Communications, 3(3)<br />

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2000 Genetic Variation at Nine Short Tandem Repeat Loci in Chamorros and Filipinos from Guam. Legal Medicine, 2(1):26-30.<br />

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2005 Recommendations for Animal <strong>DNA</strong> Forensic and Identity Testing. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 119(5):295-302.<br />

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2009 Texas Population Substructure and Its Impact on Estimating the Rarity of Y STR Haplotypes from <strong>DNA</strong> <strong>Evidence</strong>. Journal of<br />

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2000 A New Pentaplex PCR Sstem for Forensic Casework Analysis. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 114:87-92.<br />

Lee, Cheng-Lung<br />

2004 <strong>DNA</strong>-AFLP Analysis of Digested Tomato Seeds in Forensic Samples. A Presentation before the 89th International Educational<br />

Conference Sponsored by the International Association for Identification, August 25, 2004, St. Louis, Missouri.<br />

Lee, Cheng-Lung, Heather Miller Coyle, Timothy Palmbach, Ian C. Hsu, and Henry C. Lee<br />

2005 <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis of Ingested Tomato and Pepper Seeds. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 26(4):330-333.<br />

Lee, Esther J., Jennifer G. Luedtke, Jamie L. Allison, Carolyn E. Arber, D. Andrew Merriwether, and Dawnie Wolfe Steadman<br />

2010 The Effects of Different maceration Techniques on Nuclear <strong>DNA</strong> Amplification Using Human Bone. Journal of Forensic Sciences,<br />

55(4):1032-1038.<br />

1035


Lee, H.C., K.M. Berka, N.L. Folk, E.M. Pagliaro, J. Carroll-Reho, T.L. Brubaker, R.E. Gaensslen<br />

1991 Genetic Markers in Human Bones: II, Studies on ABO (and IGH) Grouping. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 36(3):639-655.<br />

Lee, Henry C., and R.E. Gaensslen, editors<br />

1990 <strong>DNA</strong> and Other Polymorphisms in Forensic Science, Year Book Medical, Chicago, Illinois.<br />

Lee, Henry C., R.E. Gaensslen, E.M. Pagliaro, M.B. Guman, K.M. Berka, T.P. Keith, and P. Phipps<br />

1989 The Effect of Presumptive Test, Latent Fingerprint and Some Other Reagents and Materials on Subsequent Serological Identification,<br />

Genetic Marker, and <strong>DNA</strong> Testing in Bloodstains. Journal of Forensic Identification, 39(6): 339-358.<br />

Lee, Henry C., Carll Ladd, M.T. Bourke, et al.<br />

1994 <strong>DNA</strong> Typing in Forensic Science. Part 1: Theory and Background. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 15(4):269-<br />

282.<br />

Lee, Henry C., et al.<br />

1997 Guidelines for the Collection and Preservation of <strong>DNA</strong> <strong>Evidence</strong>, A Presentation before the Technical Work Group on <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis.<br />

Lee Henry C., Carll Ladd, Carol A. Scherczinger, and Michael T. Bourke<br />

1998 Forensic Applications of <strong>DNA</strong> Typing, Part 2: Collection and Preservation of <strong>DNA</strong> <strong>Evidence</strong>. American Journal of Forensic<br />

Medicine and Pathology, 19(1):10-18.<br />

Lee, H.C., E.M. Pagliaro, K.M. Berka, N.L. Folk, D.T. Anderson, G. Ruano, T.P. Keith, P. Phipps, G.L. Herrin, Jr., D.D. GFarner, and R.E.<br />

Gaensslen<br />

1991 Genetic Markers in Human Bone: I: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (<strong>DNA</strong>) Analysis. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 36(2):<br />

Lee, Henry C., and Frank Tirnady<br />

2003 Blood <strong>Evidence</strong>: How <strong>DNA</strong> is Revolutionizing the Way We Solve Crimes. Perseus Publishing. Cambridge, MA. (also cited as<br />

published by Basic Books, New York)<br />

Lee, H.R., and K. Johnson<br />

2007 Fidelity of the Human Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Polymerase. J Biol Chem, 281(47):36236-36240.<br />

Lee, Hwan Young, Na Young Kim, Myung Jin Park, Jeong Eun Sim, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin<br />

2010 <strong>DNA</strong> Typing for the Identification of Old Skeletal Remains from Korean War Victims. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 55(6):1422-<br />

1429.<br />

Lee, H.Y., N.Y. Kim, M.J. Park, W.I. Yang, and K.J. Shin<br />

2008 A Modified Mni-Primer Set for Analyzing Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Control Region Sequences form Highly Degraded Forensic Samples.<br />

BioTechniques, 44:555-558.<br />

Lee, H.Y., M.J. Park U. Chung, H.Y. Lee, W.I. Yang, S.H. Cho, et al.<br />

2007 Haplotypes and Mutation Analysis of 22 Y-Chromosomal STRs in Korean Father-Son Pairs. International Journal of Legal Medicine,<br />

121:128-135.<br />

Lee, H.Y., M.J. Park, J.E. Yoo, U. Chung, G.R. Han, and K.J. Shin<br />

2005 Selection of Twenty-Four Highly Informative SNP Markers for Human Identification and Paternity Analysis in Koreans. Forensic<br />

Science International, 148:107-112.<br />

Lee, H.Y., I. Song, E. ha, S.B. Cho, W.I. Yang, and K.J. Shin<br />

2008 mt<strong>DNA</strong>manager: A Web-Based Tool for the Management and Quality Analysis of Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Control Region Sequences.<br />

Bioinformatics, 9:483.<br />

Lee, J.C., and J.G. Chang<br />

1992 ABO Genotyping by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 37(5):1269-1275.<br />

Lee, J.C.-I., L.C. Tsai, and J.-G- Chang<br />

1995 Genotyping of the DQA1-4 Alleles by Restriction Enzyme Digestion of the PCR Product from the AmpliType® PM Kit. Journal of<br />

Forensic Sciences, 40(6):<br />

Lee, J.C., L.C. Tsai, C.H. Chen, and J.G. Chang<br />

1996 ABO Genotyping by Mutagenically Separated Polymerase Chain Reaction. Forensic Science International, 82(3):227-232.<br />

Lee, Jae Won, Hye-Seung Lee, Mira Park, and Juck-Joon Hwang<br />

2001 Evaluation of <strong>DNA</strong> Mach Probability in Criminal Case. Forensic Science International, 116(2-3):139-148.<br />

Lee, Juwon, Ashraf A. Ewis, Matthew E. Huries, Hiroshi Kashiwazaki, Toshikatsu Shinka, and Yutaka Nakahori<br />

2007 Y Chromosomal STRs Haplotypes in Two Populations from Bolivia. Legal Medicine, 43-47.<br />

Lee, L.G., K.J. Livak, B. Mullah, R.J. Graham, R.S. Vinayak, and T.M. Woudenberg<br />

1036


1999 Seven Color, Homogeneous Detection of Six PCR Products. Biotechniques, 27:342-349.<br />

Lee, Steven B.<br />

2006 Forensic <strong>DNA</strong> Research and Teaching at San Jose State University: Establishing Partnerships in Academia, Biotechnology, and<br />

Government. A Presentation before the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 20-25,<br />

Seattle, Washington.<br />

Lee, Steven B., and Katherine A. Roberts<br />

2008 Saving Your Samples, Room Temperature Storage and Stabilization of <strong>DNA</strong> and RNA. Emerging Technologies in Forensic Science,<br />

January:8-10.<br />

Lee, Steven B., Clara Wang, Clarissa Trogdon, Linda Le, and Marissa R.D. Meininger<br />

2010 Comparison of Different Amplification Reagents for Alleviating Inhibitory Effects of Indigo Dye in PCR. A Poster Presentation<br />

before the 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (Advance Program), February 22-27,<br />

Seattle, Washington.<br />

Lee, S.D., Y.S. Lee, and J.B. Lee<br />

2002 Polymorphism in the Mitochondrial Cytochrome B Gene in Koreans, An Additional Marker for Individual Identification. Journal of<br />

Legal Medicine, 116:74-78.<br />

Lee, S.D., C.H. Shin, K.B. Kim, Y.S. Lee, and J.B. Lee<br />

1997 Sequence Variation of mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Control Region in Koreans. Forensic Science International, 87:99-116.<br />

Lee, Seung Hwan, Su-jeong Park, Jong-yeol Kim, and Young geun Yang<br />

2010 Application Studies on Direct Quantitation, Direct PCR, and mt<strong>DNA</strong> Sequencing Without <strong>DNA</strong> Purification from Saliva Spotted<br />

Paper. A Poster Presentation before the 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (Advance<br />

Program), February 22-27, Seattle, Washington.<br />

Lee, T.F.<br />

1991 The Human Genome Project: Cracking the Genetic Code of Life. Plenum Press, New York, NY.<br />

Lee, T.M., M.C. Carles, and I.M. Hsing<br />

2003 Microfabricated PCR-Electrochemical Device for Simultaneous <strong>DNA</strong> Amplification and Detection. Lab Chip, 3(2):100-105.<br />

Leibelt, C., B. Budowle, P. Collins, Y. Daoudi, T. Moretti, G. Nunn, et al.<br />

2003 Identification of a D8S1179 Primer Binding Site Mutation and the Validation of a Primer Designed to Recover Null Alleles. Forensic<br />

Science International, 133:220-227.<br />

Leney, Mark D.<br />

2002 Factors that Affect mt<strong>DNA</strong> Recoverability from Osseous Remains. A paper presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the American<br />

Academy of Forensic Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, February 11-16, 2002.<br />

2005 How Well Can Race by Predicted from mt<strong>DNA</strong>? A Presentation before the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of<br />

Forensic Sciences, February 21-26, 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana.<br />

2006a Is This Bone Human or What? In Pursuit of Human vs. Non-human Determinations in Small Osseous Fragments. A Presentation<br />

before the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 20-25, Seattle, Washington.<br />

2006b Sampling Skeletal Remains for Ancient <strong>DNA</strong> (a<strong>DNA</strong>): A Measure of Success. Historical Archaeology, 40(3):31-49.<br />

Leonard, Jennifer A., Orin Shanks, Michael Hofreiter, Eva Kreuz, Larry Hodges, Walt Ream, Robert K. Wayne, and Robert C. Fleischer<br />

2007 Animal <strong>DNA</strong> in PCR Reagents Plagues Ancient <strong>DNA</strong> Research. Journal of <strong>Archaeological</strong> Science, 34(9):1361-1366.<br />

Lenaz, G., et al.<br />

2002 Role of Mitochondria in Ixidative Stress and Aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 959:199-213.<br />

Leney, Mark D.<br />

2006 Sampling Skeletal Remains for Ancient <strong>DNA</strong> (a<strong>DNA</strong>): A Measure of Success. Historical Archaeology, 40(3):31-49.<br />

Lenstra, J.A.<br />

2003 <strong>DNA</strong> Methods for Identifying Plant and Animals Species in Foods. In M. Lees, editor, Food Authenticity and Traceability, CRC<br />

Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp.34-53.<br />

Lerman, L.S.<br />

1961 Structural Considerations in the Interaction of <strong>DNA</strong> and Acridines. Journal of Molecular Biology, 3:18-30.<br />

Lertrit, P., S. Poolsuwan, R. Thosarat, T. Sanpachudayan, H. Boonyarit, C. Chinpaisal, et al.<br />

2008 Genetic History of Southeast Asian Populations as Revealed by Ancient and Modern Human Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis. American<br />

Journal of Physical Anthropology, 137:425-440.<br />

1037


Lessig, R., J. Edelmann, and M. Krawczak<br />

2001 Population Genetics of Y-Chromocomal Microsatellites in Baltic Males. Forensic Science International, 118:153-157.<br />

Lessig, R., S. Willuweit, M. Krawczak, et al.<br />

2003 Asian Online Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database. Legal Med (Tokyo), 5 (Supplement): S160-163.<br />

Levedakou, E.N., D.A. Freeman, M.J. Budzynski, B.E. Early, R.C. Damaso, and A.M. Pollard<br />

2002 Characterization and Validation Studies of PowerPlex 2.1, A Nine-Locus Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Multiplex System and Penta D<br />

Monoplex. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 47(4):757-772.<br />

Levinson, G., and G.A. Gutman<br />

1987 Slipped-Strand Mispairing: A Major Mechanism for <strong>DNA</strong> Sequence Evolution. Mol Biol Evol, 4(3):203-221.<br />

Lewis, C.M., Jr., R.Y. Tito, B. Lizarraga, and A.C. Stone<br />

2005 Land, Language, and Loci: mt<strong>DNA</strong> in Native Americans and the Genetic History of Peru. American Journal of Physical<br />

AnthropologyAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropology, 127:351-360.<br />

Lewis, Felecia J. Noelle J. Umback, Erik T. Bieschke, Michael J. Hennessey, Elaine J. Mar, Anca M. Nicholson, Lawrence Quarino, Mary Breen-<br />

O'Connor, Mechtild K. Prinz, and Robert C. Shaler<br />

2004 Case Study of 'Deleted-Amelogenin' Males within the WTC <strong>DNA</strong> Identification Project. Presentation before the 56th Annual Meeting<br />

of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (Advance Program), February 20, 2004, Dallas, Texas.<br />

Lewis, Kristen E., Melanie R. Caserza, Tom Walsh, and Mary-Claire King<br />

2010 Identification of Distant Relatives Using Haplotypes Constructed from Multiple Linked Autosomal STRs. . A Presentation before the<br />

62nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (Advance Program), February 22-27, Seattle,<br />

Washington.<br />

Lewis, Kristen E., Karen L.V. Sykes, Susan A. Greenspoon, Katie L. Coy, Cathey Cupples, Denise N. Rodier, and Tracey Dawson Cruz<br />

2006 Comparative Analysis of Human-Specific <strong>DNA</strong> Quantitation Techniques. A Presentation before the 58th Annual Meeting of the<br />

American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 20-25, Seattle, Washington.<br />

Lewis, Kristen E., Bruce S. Weir, and Mary-Claire King<br />

2007 A Statistical Approach to the Identification of Criminals and Mass Disaster Victims Through Kinship <strong>DNA</strong> Database Searches. A<br />

Presentation before the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 19-24, 2007, San Antonio,<br />

Texas.<br />

2008 Genomic Approaches to the Identification of Individuals Through Familial Database Searches. A presentation before the 60th<br />

Anniversary Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 18-23, Washington, D.C.<br />

Lewis, M.E., R.E. Kouri, D. Latorra, K.M. Berka, H.C. Lee, and R.E. Gaensslen<br />

1990 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis by the FBI Laboratory Protocol Using a Simple, Convenient Hardware<br />

System. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 35(5):<br />

Lewis, Ricki<br />

2010 Human Genetics: The Basics. Routledge, Clifton, NJ.<br />

(ISBN: 978-0-415-57984-1)<br />

Lewontin, R.C., and D.L. Hartl<br />

1991 Population Genetics in Forensic <strong>DNA</strong> Typing. Science, 254:1745-1750.<br />

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1994 Correlation Between Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> 4977-bp Deletion and Respiratory Chain Enzyme Activities in Aging Human Skeletal<br />

Muscles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 205(1):772-779.<br />

Li. L., C.T. Li, R.Y. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Lin, T.Z. Que, et al.<br />

2006 SNP Genotyping by Multiplex Amplification and Microarrays Assay for Forensic Application. Forensic Science International, 162(1-<br />

3):74-79.<br />

Li, Richard<br />

2008 Forensic Biology: Identification and <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis of Biological <strong>Evidence</strong>. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.<br />

(ISBN:978-1-4200-4343-3)<br />

Liao, Ga, Tingting Liu, Binwu Ying, Lei Sun, Yi Zou, Zhengrong Wang, Hong Fan, and Fuqiang Wen<br />

2008 Population Genetic Study of 15 STR Loci in a Chinese Population. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53(1):252.<br />

Licea-Cadena, R.A., R.A. Rizzo-Juárez, E. Muñiz-Lozano, L. A. Páez-Riberos, and H. Rangel-Villalobos<br />

2006 Population Data of Nine STRs of Mexican-Mestizos from Veracruz (Central South-Eastern, Mexico). Legal Medicine, 8(4):251-252.<br />

Liechti-Gallati, S., and D. Neeser<br />

1996 Efficient and Reliable PCR-Based Detection of the ABO Blood Group Alleles: Genotyping on Stamps and Other Biological <strong>Evidence</strong><br />

1038


Samples. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 41(4):653-657.<br />

Li, George C., and Jennifer C. Grubb<br />

2008 The Virginia Arrestee Databank – Observations After Five Years of Operation. A presentation before the 60th Anniversary Meeting<br />

of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 18-23, Washington, D.C.<br />

Li, Huifen, Hui Tang, Qinxia Zhang, Zhangping Jiao, Jie Bai, and Shoupeng Chang<br />

2009 A Multiplex PCR for 4 X Chromosome STR Markers and Population Data from Beijing Han Ethnic Group. Legal Medicine,<br />

11(5):248-250.<br />

Li, Kang Long, Liu Kai, and Ma Yuming<br />

2007 Y Chromosome STR Haplotypes of Tibetan Living Tibet Lassa. Forensic Science International, 172(1):79-83.<br />

Li, Richard<br />

2008 Forensic Biology: Identification and <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis of Biological <strong>Evidence</strong>. CRC Press/Taylor&Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.<br />

(ISBN: 978-1-4200-4343-3)<br />

2010 Developing a Simple Method to Process Bone Samples Prior to <strong>DNA</strong> Isolation. A Poster Presentation before the 62nd Annual<br />

Scientific Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (Advance Program), February 22-27, Seattle, Washington.<br />

Li, Richard, Sandra Chapman, Mary Thompson, and Michal Schwartz<br />

2005 Developing a Simple Method to Process Compromised Bone Fragment for Forensic <strong>DNA</strong> Isolation. A Presentation before the 57th<br />

Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 21-26, 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana.<br />

2009 Developing a Simple Method to Process Bone Samples Prior to <strong>DNA</strong> Isolation. Legal Medicine, 11(2):76-79.<br />

Li, Y., V. Mitaxov, and G. Waksman<br />

1999 Structure-based Design of Taq <strong>DNA</strong> Polymerases with Improved Properties of Dideoxynucleotide Incorporation. Proceedings of the<br />

Natinoal Academy of Sciences, USA, 96(17):9491-9496.<br />

Lienert, K., and J.C.S. Fowler<br />

1992 Analysis of Mixed Human/Microbial <strong>DNA</strong> Sample: A Validation Study of Two PCR AMP-FLP Typing Methods. Biotechniques,<br />

13:276-281.<br />

Lim, Eng Seng Simon, Hui Koon Joyce Lai, Chien Tien Grace Law, Hui Koon Joyce Low, and Way Fun Tan-Siew<br />

2005 Verification of STR Alleles by Alternative Primer Pairs Through a Singleplex PCR System. A Presentation before the 57th Annual<br />

Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 21-26, 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana.<br />

Lin, Y.C., M. Li, M.T. Chung, C.Y. Wu, and K.C. Young<br />

2002 Real-Time Microchip Polymerase-Chain-Reaction System. Sens Mater, 14(4):199-208.<br />

Lin, Y.W., C.L. Hsu, and P.H. Yen<br />

2006 A Two-Step Protocol for the Detection of Rearrangements at the AZFc Region on the Human Y Chromosome. Mol Hum Reprod,<br />

12:347-351.<br />

Lin, Z., J.G. Suzow, J.M. Fontaine, and E.W. Naylor<br />

2004 A High Throughput Beta-Globin Genotyping Method by Multiplexed Melting Temperature Analysis. Mol Genet Metab, 81:237-243.<br />

Linacre, A., and J.C. Lee<br />

2004 Species Determination: The Role and Use of the Cytochrome B Gene. Methods Mol Biol, 297:45-52.<br />

Linch, Charles A.<br />

2009 Degeneration of Nuclei and Mitochondria in Human Hairs. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 54(2):346-349.<br />

Linch, Charles A., Jarrod R. Champagne, Michelle D. Bonnette, and Tracey Dawson Cruz<br />

2009 Specific Melanin Content in Human Hairs and Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Typing Success. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and<br />

Pathology, 30(2):162-166.<br />

Linch, C.A., S.L. Smith, and J.A. Prahlow<br />

1998 Evaluation of the Human Hair Root for <strong>DNA</strong> Typing Subsequent to Microscopic Comparison. Journal of Forensic Sciences,<br />

43(2):305-314.<br />

Linch, C.A., D.A. Whiting, and M.M. Holland<br />

2001 Human Hair Histogenesis for the Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Forensic Scientist, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 46(4):844-853.<br />

Lincoln, P.J., and J.R. Thomson, (editors)<br />

1998 Forensic <strong>DNA</strong> Profiling Protocols, Volume 98, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. (also cited as <strong>DNA</strong> Profiling Protocols, Methods in<br />

Molecular Biology)<br />

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Lindahl, Tomas<br />

1993 Instability and Decay of the Primary Structure of <strong>DNA</strong>. Nature, 362(6422):709-715.<br />

1995 Recognition and Processing of Damaged <strong>DNA</strong>. Journal of Cell Science, 49:73-77.<br />

1996 Endogenous Damage to <strong>DNA</strong>. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 351:1529-1538.<br />

1997 Facts and Artifacts of Ancient <strong>DNA</strong>. Cell, 90:1-3.<br />

Lindaquist, Christina D., Jeffrey J. Evans, Elizabeth J. Wictum<br />

2008 Validation of Feline, Bovine, Equine, and Cervid Quantitative PCR Assays. A presentation before the 60th Anniversary Meeting of<br />

the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 18-23, Washington, D.C.<br />

Linfert, D.R., A.H.B. Wu, and G.J. Tsongalis<br />

1998 The Effect of Pathologic Substances and Adulterants on the <strong>DNA</strong> Typing of Urine. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 43(5):1041-1045.<br />

Linquist, V., C.A. Stoddart, J.M. McCune<br />

1998 UV Irradiation of Polystyrene Pipets Releases PCR Inhibitors. Biotechniques, 24:50-52.<br />

Lins, A., K. Micka, C. Sprecher, J. Taylor, J. Bacher, D. Rabbach, et al.<br />

1998 Development and Population Study of an Eight-Locus Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Muliltplex System. Journal of Forensic Sciences,<br />

43(6):1-13.<br />

Lins, A., C. Sprecher, C. Puers, and J. Schumm<br />

1996 Multiplex Sets for the Amplification of Polymorphic Short Tandem Repeat Loci-Silver Stain and Fluorescent Detection.<br />

Biotechniques, 20:882-889<br />

Linville, Jason G., Jack Hayes, and Jeffrey D. Wells<br />

2004 Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> and STR Analyses of Maggot Crop Contents: Effect of Specimen Preservation Technique. Journal of Forensic<br />

Sciences, 49(2):341-344.<br />

Linville, J.G., and J.D. Wells<br />

2002 Surface Sterilization of a Maggot Using Bleach Does Not Interfere with Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis of Crop Contents. Journal of<br />

Forensic Sciences, 47:1055-1059.<br />

Lister, A.M., M. Kadwell, L.M. Kaagan, W.C. Jordan, M.B. Richards, and H.F. Stanley<br />

1998 Ancient and Modern <strong>DNA</strong> in A Study of Horse Domestication. Ancient Biomolecules, 2:267-280.<br />

Little, D.P., and D.W.M. Stevenson<br />

2007 A Comparison of Algorithms for the Identification of Specimens Using <strong>DNA</strong> Barcodes: Examples from Gymnosperms. Cladistics,<br />

23:1-21.<br />

Liu, Chunyan, Akikazu Arakura, Kayoko Takayanagi, Hideki Asamura, Masao Ota, and Hirofumi Fukushima<br />

1999 D1S80 Subtyping by PCR-RFLP: New Nomenclature and Further Characterization. Legal Medicine, 1(4):210-216.<br />

Liu, Chunyan, Kayoko Takayanagi, Hideki Asamura, Masao Ota, Satoshi Salto, Kazuhiko Tsukada, and Hirofumi Fukushima<br />

2000 Investigation of ACTPB2 Mutations in the Japanese Population. Legal Medicine, 2(2):75-78.<br />

Liu, C.S., W.L. Cheng, C.F. Lee, Y.S. Ma, C.Y. Lin, C.C. Huang, et al.<br />

2006 Alteration in the Copy Number of Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> in Leukocytes of Patients with Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies. Acta<br />

Neurol Scand, 113:334-341.<br />

Liu, H., B. Rhodes, C.Y. Chen, and B. Steiner<br />

2001 New Tests for Syphilis: Rational Design of a PCR Method for Detection of Treponema pallidum in Clinical Specimens Using Unique<br />

Regions of the <strong>DNA</strong> Polymerase I Gene. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 39:1941-1946.<br />

Liu, Jason, Maxim Brevnov, Allison Holt, James Stray, Declan Donovan, Alan B. Dixon, Jim Nurse, Manohar R. Furtado, and Jaiprakash G.<br />

Shewale<br />

2010 Automated Extraction of High Quality Genomic <strong>DNA</strong> from Forensic <strong>Evidence</strong> Samples using a Cartridge-Based System. A<br />

Presentation before the 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (Advance Program), February<br />

22-27, Seattle, Washington.<br />

Liu, P., T.S. Seo, N. Beyor, K.J. Shin, J.R. Scherer, and R.A. Mathies<br />

2007 Integrated Portable Polymerase Chain Reaction-Capillary Electrophoresis Microsystem for Rapid Forensic Short Tandem Repeat<br />

Typing. Anal Chem, 79:1881-1889.<br />

Liu, V.W., C. Zhang, and P. Nagley<br />

1998 Mutations in Mitochondrial <strong>DNA</strong> Accumulate Differentially in Three Different Human Tissues During Ageing. Nucleic Acids<br />

Research, 26(5):1268-1275.<br />

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2002 A New Quantitative Method of Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Based on Simulation of<br />

Polymerase Chain Reaction Kinetics. Anal Biochem, 302:52-59.<br />

Liu, Y., Y. Koda, M. Soejima, N. Uchida, and H. Kimura<br />

1996 PCR Analysis of Lewis-negative Gene Mutations and the Distribution of Lewis Alleles in a Japanese Population. Journal of Forensic<br />

Sciences, 41(6):1017-1020.<br />

Livak, K.J., S.J. Flood, J. Marmaro, W. Giusti, and K. Deetz<br />

1995 Oligonucleotides with Fluorescent Dyes at Opposite Ends Provide a Quenched Probe System Useful for Detecting PCR Product and<br />

Nucleic Acid Hybridization. PCR Meth Appl, 4:357-362.<br />

Lleonart, R., E. Riego, M.V. Sainz de la Pena, K. Bacallao, F. Amaro, M. Santiesteban, M. Blanco, H. Currenti, A. Puentes, F. Rolo, L. Herrera,<br />

and J. de la Fuente<br />

2000 Forensic Identification of Skeletal Remains from Members of Ernesto Che Guevara's Guerrillas in Bolivia Based on <strong>DNA</strong> Typing.<br />

International Journal of Legal Medicine, 113(2):98-101.<br />

Lobzang,<br />

2005 Trace Contact <strong>DNA</strong> <strong>Evidence</strong> Recovery and Genotyping from Very Low Levels of Degraded <strong>DNA</strong> Template. PhD Thesis, Finders<br />

University, School of Biological Sciences, South Australia.<br />

Loddenkötter, B., K. Becker, C. Hohoff, B. Brinkmann, T. Bajanowski<br />

2005 Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assay for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori: No Association with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.<br />

International Journal of Legal Medicine, 119:202-206.<br />

Loftus, P.<br />

1999 The FBI’s Combined <strong>DNA</strong> Index System Helps Corrections and law Enforcement Professionals Monitor Inmates and Solve Crimes.<br />

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2007 Autosomal STRs Data on Two Aboriginal Populations of Guatemala. A Presentation before the 59th Annual Meeting of the American<br />

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2005 Beyond CODIS <strong>DNA</strong> Testing for Human Identification. A Presentation before the 90th International Association of Identification<br />

International Educational Conference, August 7-12, Dallas, Texas.<br />

2006 Low Copy Number <strong>DNA</strong>: <strong>Evidence</strong> Collection, Limitations, and Legal Precedence. A Presentation before the 91st International<br />

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2010 Frequency of Apparent False Inclusions in Complex Y-STR Mixtures. A Presentation before the 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting of<br />

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2007 Success Rates of Nuclear Short Tandem Repeat Typing from Different Skeletal Elements. Croatian Medical Journal, 48(4):486-493.<br />

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2007 An Efficient Approach to Validation of New Technologies in a Forensic <strong>DNA</strong> Laboratory. A Presentation before the 59th Annual<br />

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2001 Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Haplotypes at the Loci DYS393, DYS19, DYS392, and DYS385-I/II, DYS390, DYS389-I/II,<br />

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2001 Population Genetics of STRs vWA, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, LPL, F13B, FESFPS, F13A01<br />

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2004 Predicting mt<strong>DNA</strong> Quality Based on Bone Weathering and Type. Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.<br />

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2005 The Influence of Skeletal Weathering and Bone Type on Mr<strong>DNA</strong> Analysis. A Presentation before the 57th Annual Meeting of the<br />

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2003 Mung Bean Nuclease Treatment Improves Se Genotyping by Allele-Specfic Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification. Legal<br />

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2000 A Case of <strong>DNA</strong> Analysis of ABO Blood Group Variant Allele A 2 . Legal Medicine, 2(4):189-196.<br />

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2002 Se Genotyping Following Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification. Legal Medicine, 4(3):193-196.<br />

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2010 Weight of <strong>Evidence</strong> for <strong>DNA</strong> Profiles from Degraded Samples: Low Template Samples and Mixtures. A Presentation before the 62nd<br />

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2002 Molecular Evolution of Alleles of the Glycophorin A Gene. Legal Medicine, 4(1):13-20.<br />

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2008 A D19S433 Primer Binding Site Mutation and the Frequency in Japanese of the Silent Allele It Causes. Journal of Forensic Sciences,<br />

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2007 Analysis of Dye Terminator Sequence Data: Pattern Recgonition and Signal Background. A Presentation before the 59th Annual<br />

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2009 Population Genetic Data for 15 STR Loci (Identifiler Kit) in Bolivia. Legal Medicine, 11(6):302-304.<br />

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2009 Population Genetic Data for 11 STR Loci, Including SE33, in Southern Brazil. Legal Medicine, 11(4):200-202.<br />

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2007 Evaluation of Haplotype Discrimination Capacity of 35 Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Loci. Forensic Science International,<br />

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2007 Population Genetic Data for 18 STR Loci in Costa Rica. Forensic Science International, 168(1):85-88.<br />

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2009 The Application of <strong>DNA</strong> Identification Technology to Large Wildlife Carnivore Attacks on Humans. A Poster Presentation before the<br />

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1999 Saliva from Cheese Bite Yields <strong>DNA</strong> Profile of Burglar: A Case Report. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 112(3):201-203.<br />

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2010 <strong>DNA</strong> Collection from Used Toothbrushes as a Means to Decedent Identification. A Presentation before the 62nd Annual Scientific<br />

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Sweet, David, and G. Shutler<br />

1999 Analysis of Salivary <strong>DNA</strong> <strong>Evidence</strong> from a Bite Mark on a Body Submerged in Water. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44(5):1069-<br />

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