Constraints to smallholders participation in Cassava value ... - aaacp

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Consideration should be given to exploring secondary data: it is assumed that there are nationalfarm household survey data within Zambia that will enable researchers and stakeholders addresssome of our basic questions about smallholder potential. Given such baseline resources, primarydata collection can be directed to other areas of Zambia to enable the generalisations and policyformulation at which this report can only hint:• participation in the process of strategy development and implementation• propensity of smallholders to respond to sectoral initiatives• smallholder-level organisation to meet the demands of commercialisation• possible financial mechanismsAttitudinal issues, and what has come to be referred to as ‘unobservables’, which are not normallycaptured in socioeconomic research need further investigation, probably through qualitativeapproaches. Besides household socioeconomic data such as resources or livelihood assets and theexternal opportunity and constraint set, more knowledge is needed concerning personal attitudes,aptitudes and attributes which may be important in determining farmers’ responses to newincentives (Poole, N.D. 2000). Fundamentally, do farmers want to grow cassava? At whom shouldinterventions be targeted?At the same time, consideration needs to be given to the ethical issues associated with the targetingof interventions, which is normally justified by economic criteria rather than other moral criteria.This topic is very much under-researched.Rural tradersMuch more needs to be learnt about the role of small scale traders who are much maligned but alsoact as such important players in traditional African market systems. Small scale traders are likely tohave an important role in the bulking and delivery of cassava to intermediary processors andmanufacturers. Traders can also be channels of inputs, market and technical information and financeto producers, and can be influential in propagating and upholding standards and grading systemsand product quality control.FinanceThe second area of action and participative research is to identify and implement new modelfinancial delivery mechanisms: new knowledge and evidence is needed to design appropriatefinancing mechanisms, particularly for delivery of small-scale funds to grassroots organisations:micro-funding maybe up to $10000 for infrastructure for an individual processing plant. Privatesector business service firms (such as accountants) can be invited by national banks andinternational financial organisations to design and implement models of competitive tendering andchallenge fund approaches for micro-enterprise development.Similarly, private investors or ‘philanthrocapitalists’ can be invited to participate in micro-equityfunds willing to invest in such enterprises. Substantial experience in Asia suggests that group lendingoffers particularly good prospects for generating rural enterprises. Such an approach is a means ofcapitalising forms of collective enterprise for rural processing based on rural organisations such asKWCP which are most likely to be community-based, or founded around some other collective entityor ideal like local faith organisations.24
ReferencesBernet, T., Thiele, G. and Zschocke, T., Eds. (2006). Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA):User Guide. Lima, Peru, International Potato Center (CIP) - Papa Andina.Cadoni, P. (2010). Value Chain Mapping and Cost Structure Analysis for Cassava in Zambia. EU-AAACP Paper Series No. 14. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome.Chitundu, M., Droppelmann, K. and Haggblade, S. (2009). Intervening in Value Chains: Lessons fromZambia's Task Force on Acceleration of Cassava Utilisation. Journal of Development Studies 45(4):593-620.Devaux, A., Horton, D., Velasco, C., Thiele, G., López, G., Bernet, T., Reinoso, I. and Ordinola, M.(2009). Collective action for market chain innovation in the Andes. Food Policy 34(1): 31-38.Donovan, J., Stoian, D. and Poole, N.D. (2008). A Global Review of Rural Community Enterprises: thelong and winding road for creating viable businesses, and potential shortcuts. Technical Bulletin no29. Rural Enterprise Collection no. 2. Turrialba, Costa Rica, CATIE.Govereh, J., Chapoto, A. and Jayne, T.S. (2010). Assessment of maize trade and market policyinterventions in Zambia. Ch 13, pp. 354-389. Food Security in Africa: Market and Trade Policy forStaple Foods in Eastern and Southern Africa. Sarris, A. and Morrison, J. Rome, Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations and Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.Kachule, R., Poole, N.D. and Dorward, A. (2005). Farmer organisations in Malawi: the organisationstudy. Final report for 'Farmer Organisations for Market Access', DFID Crop Post Harvest ResearchProgramme (R2875). Imperial College London.Poole, N.D. (2000). Production and marketing strategies of Spanish citrus farmers. Journal ofAgricultural Economics 51(2): 210-223.Poole, N.D., Chitundu, M., Msoni, R. and Tembo, I. (2010). Constraints to participation in cassavavalue chain development in Zambia. Paper presented at a workshop on Institutional Innovations andPolicy Interventions in Support of Smallholder Market Participation, 3-4 June. Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations. Rome.Poole, N.D. and de Frece, A. (2010). A Review of Existing Organisational Forms of SmallholderFarmers’ Associations and their Contractual Relationships with other Market Participants in the Eastand Southern African ACP Region. EU-AAACP Paper Series No. 11. Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations. Rome.Poole, N.D. and Penrose Buckley, C. (2006). Innovation Challenges, Constraints and Opportunities forthe Rural Poor. Background Paper for the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD),Rome. http://www.ifad.org/events/gc/29/panel/e/poole.pdf. IFAD. Rome.http://www.ifad.org/events/gc/29/panel/e/poole.pdf. Accessed 6 January 2009.Poole, N.D., Seini, A.W. and Heh, V. (2003). Improving agrifood marketing in developing economies:contracts in Ghanaian vegetable markets. Development in Practice 13(5): 551-557.25
Page 1 and 2: Food and Agriculture Organizationof
Page 3 and 4: Contents1 Introduction and overview
Page 5 and 6: economic asset thresholds, will inf
Page 7 and 8: especially the Ministry of Agricult
Page 10 and 11: value chain development interventio
Page 12 and 13: It was noted that although farm siz
Page 14 and 15: Table 3 Overall benefits and risks
Page 16 and 17: Table 6 Causes of positive changes
Page 18 and 19: One of the most significant weaknes
Page 20 and 21: cases of viable and sustainable bus
Page 22 and 23: Figure 3Moving value chain manageme
Page 26 and 27: Poulton, C. (2009). An Assessment o
Page 28 and 29: Do you belong to a marketing cooper
Page 30 and 31: Section 4 InterventionsWhat types o
Page 32 and 33: Section 6 - AttributionBesides bene
Page 34 and 35: Section 2 - Cassava productionWhen
Page 38 and 39: Section 6 - AttributionCan you iden
Page 40 and 41: Section 2 - Cassava productionWhen
Page 46 and 47: Section 2 - Reasons for not growing
Page 50 and 51: 2 Chainda farmersDate: 01/04/2010Fa
Page 52: Key Informant Interviews1 Authentic

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