HITLER'S SHADOW - National Archives and Records Administration

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an Alpine front could keep Germany from defeat. 10 What Hitler knew of these efforts in late April 1945 is not clear. But in his political testament he expelled Heinrich Himmler from the Nazi Party owing to Himmler’s contacts with the Allies. Hitler promoted Karl Hanke, the fanatical Gauleiter of Lower Silesia who defended Breslau at the cost of some 40,000 civilian lives, to Himmler’s office of Reichsführer-SS. Kaltenbrunner was logically the next in line for Himmler’s job. Junge’s statement suggests that Hitler lost trust in Kaltenbrunner, that Müller remained loyal to the end, and that Hitler trusted in his loyalty. New Documents: Arthur Greiser’s Briefcases Arthur Greiser, Nazi Gauleiter of the German-annexed portion of western Poland called the Warthegau, was a major war criminal by any standard or definition. Once conquered by the Germans in 1939, the Warthegau region was to be emptied of Jews and Poles and settled with ethnic Germans. The Warthegau also included the Lodz ghetto—the second largest in occupied Poland—and the extermination facility at Chelmno where Jews were first gassed to death. Thus, Greiser helped to implement Nazi policies that killed tens of thousands of expellees as well as more than 150,000 mostly Jews in Chelmo itself. 11 The U.S. Army captured Greiser in Salzburg on May 17, 1945, and extradited him to Poland. Using documents and witness testimony, a Supreme National Tribunal in Warsaw tried and convicted him in June and July 1946. He was hanged in mid-July. 12 When Greiser fled west in 1945, he carried with him two briefcases filled with documents, mostly dealing with his activities during the 1930s and his personal affairs. Either he left behind or destroyed documents that connected him with policies of mass murder in the Warthegau, or what he kept of those documents went to Polish authorities. Still, the U.S. Army retained more than 2,000 pages of Greiser’s documents in the Investigative Records Repository that only now are declassified. 13 Some of the most interesting documents involve Greiser’s activities, from November 1934 and afterwards, as president of the Senate of the international free city of Danzig. This post made Greiser chief executive of a Germandominated municipal government frequently in conflict with the Polish state 8 | New Information on Major Nazi Figures
that surrounded it. How far to push these conflicts provoked discussion and debate among the highest Nazi authorities in Berlin. Greiser wrote memoranda of his discussions with Hitler, Hermann Göring, Foreign Minister Konstantin von Neurath, his successor Joachim von Ribbentrop, and others. The documents show conflicting views in Berlin about how best to deal with the Poles and the League of Nations. Hitler and the Nazi Party Gauleiter of Danzig, Albert Forster, often wanted confrontation; Göring and Greiser, a more moderate course. Political disagreements help to explain the bitter personal rivalry between Greiser and Forster. Greiser’s documents do not challenge the reigning historical consensus about these matters, but they do fill in the narrative. They also underscore––as historians have long argued––that Danzig’s foreign policy was made in Berlin. 14 In 1939 Hitler used conflicts over Danzig as the pretext for Germany to invade Poland. After the war, the Allies decided to charge high Nazi authorities with crimes against peace; the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg made crimes against peace the central count of four charges against high Nazi officials and organizations; the others were war crimes, crimes against humanity, and conspiracy. The Greiser file contains new evidence about the background to German aggression against Poland and thus about war crimes. The Search for Adolf Eichmann: New Materials Today, the world knows a great deal about Adolf Eichmann’s escape from Europe after the war. While he was living in Argentina under the name of Ricardo Klement, Eichmann worked with the Dutch writer Willem Sassen to prepare a memoir of sorts. In it Eichmann talks extensively about his escape from Germany. After Israeli agents brought Eichmann to Israel in 1960, the authorities interrogated him rigorously. Historians have used these plentiful sources as well as earlier IWG declassifications. 15 The most recent American declassifications fill in some small gaps. They show what the West knew about Eichmann’s criminality and his postwar movements. No American intelligence agency aided Eichmann’s escape or simply allowed him to hide safely in Argentina. New Information on Major Nazi Figures | 9
Page 1: HITLER’S O Nazi War Criminals, U.
Page 5 and 6: HITLER’S SHADOW Nazi War Criminal
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Preface vi Introduction 1
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION At the end of World Wa
Page 11 and 12: For this report we have drawn selec
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER ONE New Information on Majo
Page 15: of her former or present job. She w
Page 19 and 20: Wartime information emanating from
Page 21 and 22: Hearing about the publicity about h
Page 23 and 24: Poland (New York: Oxford University
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER TWO Nazis and the Middle Ea
Page 27 and 28: would also decide the fate of the A
Page 29 and 30: Today we have more detailed scholar
Page 31 and 32: The CIA diagram shows a nexus of fo
Page 33 and 34: In April 1945 an unnamed German def
Page 35 and 36: with a shadowy West German intellig
Page 37 and 38: a French intercept operation, the C
Page 39 and 40: 12 Final Interrogation Report of Re
Page 41 and 42: 54 EGMA-54517, Chief, Munich Operat
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER THREE New Materials on Form
Page 45 and 46: Mildner also failed to mention that
Page 47 and 48: to organize last ditch resistance.
Page 49 and 50: depended partly on the individuals
Page 51 and 52: he was pleased to provide informati
Page 53 and 54: Agent Erhard Dabringhaus, who handl
Page 55 and 56: Detachment’s commanding officer,
Page 57 and 58: Mahler’s July 14, 1950, report on
Page 59 and 60: 24 Interrogation Report No. 47, Sep
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER FOUR The CIC and Right-Wing
Page 63 and 64: September 1941 Kaufmann became the
Page 65 and 66: the Bruderschaft and regional offic
Page 67 and 68:
trust the words of [NATO Commander]
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Kraus formed a private think tank i
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most violent Nazis, “a man who wo
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the thrown [sic]’ as far as the V
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8 “Ex-General Advises Adenauer to
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34 Special Agents Heinz C. Colbert
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66 Memorandum for the Officer in Ch
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CHAPTER FIVE Collaborators: Allied
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vanguard of Muscovite imperialism i
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described as “anti-partisan” op
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The guerrillas said that most UPA f
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opposed all political organizations
Page 91 and 92:
“would not resume [its] relations
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But on October 15, 1959, only 10 da
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Once in the United States, Lebed wa
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Ukrainian writers and poets. One CI
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shielded Lebed by denying any conne
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34 Special Agent William E. Larned,
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69 Joint US-UK Conference, January
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Operations, v. 35; Aerodynamic Proj
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esearching a very broad range of to
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