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Datganiad Cadwraeth Clawdd Offa Offa's Dyke Conservation ...

Datganiad Cadwraeth Clawdd Offa Offa's Dyke Conservation ...

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23 <strong>Datganiad</strong> <strong>Cadwraeth</strong> <strong>Clawdd</strong> <strong>Offa</strong><strong>Offa</strong>'s <strong>Dyke</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> Statement 23eraill yn ardal Wrecsam.3.24 Gwelodd yr 20fed ganrif ddirywiad parhaus y clawdd.Mae llawer o ddarnau o’r henebyn a gofnodwyd gan Fox ynyr 20au bellach wedi eu dinistrio yn llwyr, ac mae dwysâdamaethyddol a phwysau datblygu ehangach ar ôl y rhyfelwedi cynyddu yn arwyddocaol y broblem o niwed erydiad‘graddol’. Yn erbyn y cefndir hwn, mae dynodi llawer oddarnau o Glawdd <strong>Offa</strong> fel Henebyn Rhestredig yngNghymru a Lloegr wedi bod yn ddatblygiad pwysig o rangwarchod y gwrthglawdd yn well.Wrexham area.3.24 The 20th century saw continuing degradation of thedyke. Several sections of the monument recorded by Fox inthe 1920s are now completely destroyed, and post waragricultural intensification and wider development pressurehave significantly increased the problem of ‘gradual’ erosiondamage. Against this background, the designation of manystretches of <strong>Offa</strong>’s <strong>Dyke</strong> as a Scheduled Ancient Monument inEngland and Wales has been a major development in realisingimproved protection of the earthwork.Creu Llwybr <strong>Clawdd</strong> <strong>Offa</strong>3.25 Efallai mai’r datblygiad mwyaf pellgyrhaeddol ynhanes y clawdd yn ddiweddar fu creu Llwybr <strong>Clawdd</strong> <strong>Offa</strong>.Dynodwyd y llwybr yn un o 13 Llwybr Cenedlaethol yngNghymru a Lloegr ym 1955, er nas agorwyd ef ynswyddogol tan 1971.3.26 Mae’r llwybr 293 km yn rhedeg o Brestatyn yn ygogledd i Glogwyni Sedbury yn y de, ac yn dilyn hynt 55 kmo’r <strong>Clawdd</strong> sy’n goroesi, tra’n croesi tirweddau godidog —megis Parc Cenedlaethol Bannau Brycheiniog ac Ardal oHarddwch Naturiol Eithriadol Bryniau Clwyd — pan nadyw’n dilyn y gwrthglawdd.3.27 Mae Llwybr <strong>Clawdd</strong> <strong>Offa</strong> wedi gwneud y clawdd ynhygyrch i’r cyhoedd, ac wedi rhoi arwyddocâd newydd i’rhenebyn fel coridor mynediad cefn gwlad, atyniad iymwelwyr ac adnodd mwynderol. Mae hefyd wediychwanegu at broblemau erydu ar rai darnau o’rgwrthglawdd.Creation of <strong>Offa</strong>’s <strong>Dyke</strong> Path3.25 Perhaps the most far-reaching development in therecent history of the dyke has been the creation of the <strong>Offa</strong>’s<strong>Dyke</strong> Path. One of 13 National Trails in England and Wales,the path was designated in 1955, although not officiallyopened until 1971.3.26 The 293 km route runs from Prestatyn in the north toSedbury Cliffs in the south, and scenically follows the line of55 km of the surviving <strong>Dyke</strong> while crossing no less impressivelandscapes — such as the Brecon Beacons National Park andthe Clwydian Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty —when off the earthwork.3.27 The <strong>Offa</strong>’s <strong>Dyke</strong> Path has made the dyke easilyaccessible to the general public, and given the monument anew significance as a countryside access corridor, visitorattraction and amenity resource. It has also resulted inadditional erosion pressure on some stretches of theearthwork.Crynodeb o bwysigrwydd hanesyddol yclawdd3.28 Mae datblygiad hanesyddol <strong>Clawdd</strong> <strong>Offa</strong> yn dangoshenebyn gyda pherthynas allweddol â datblygiadcymdeithasol a gwleidyddol Cymru a Lloegr, ac effaith fwyuniongyrchol dros y 1200 blwyddyn ddiwethaf ar fywydau bobdydd cenedlaethau dirifedi o bobl y Gororau.3.29 Yn ei gyd-destun 8fed ganrif, gellir gweld <strong>Clawdd</strong> <strong>Offa</strong>fel ymgymeriad sy’n cyfuno llwyddiant logistaidd a thechnegolanghyffredin gyda mynegiant ffisegol arloesol o ddyheadgwladwriaeth Eingl-Sacsonaidd. Mae <strong>Clawdd</strong> <strong>Offa</strong> yngynnyrch unigryw o’i amser, ac yn taflu goleuni allweddol argyfraniad sylfaenol y Mers ac <strong>Offa</strong> i ddatblygiad PrydainEingl-Sacsonaidd, ac ar y prosesau mwy sylfaenol oddatblygiad daearyddiaeth ddiwylliannol Ewrop fodern yngSummary of the dyke’s historical importance3.28 The historical development of <strong>Offa</strong>’s <strong>Dyke</strong> reveals amonument with a key relationship to the social and politicalgenesis of England and Wales, and a more immediate impactover the last 1200 years on the everyday lives of countlessgenerations of Marches people.3.29 In its 8th-century context <strong>Offa</strong>’s <strong>Dyke</strong> can be seen as anundertaking which combines an extraordinary logistical andtechnical achievement with an innovative physical expressionof the political ambition of an Anglo-Saxon state. <strong>Offa</strong>’s <strong>Dyke</strong>is a unique product of its time, and sheds key light on theunderlying contribution of Mercia and <strong>Offa</strong> to the evolution ofAnglo-Saxon Britain, and on the more fundamental processesby which the cultural geography of modern Europe emerged in

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