who medicines strategy - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization
who medicines strategy - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization who medicines strategy - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization
WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 | 60Figure 15:Per capita spending on pharmaceuticals by main source, 1990and 2000, by country income groups400350300250A World – 1990B World – 2000C Low – 1990D Low – 2000E Middle – 1990F Middle – 2000G High – 1990H High – 2000US$200150PrivateGovernment100500A B C D E F G HSource: WHO National Health Accounts DatabaseEO 3.2Public funding of medicinesincreased through increasedorganizational capacity toimplement sustainable drugfinancing strategies and systemsRationaleIn many countries today, private out-of-pocketspending on medicines is the largest componentof household spending on health. In manylow-income countries in particular, private outof-pocketspending accounts for 50%-90% ofpharmaceutical sales. (Figure 15) During the1990s, the private share of global expenditure onmedicines increased 23 . Yet governments have theresponsibility to ensure that medicine financingmechanisms are established and managed in sucha way as to achieve equitable access to essentialmedicines.While health financing reform should improvethe use of public resources, it should not beaimed at reducing public spending on health andmedicines 24 . Market-oriented reform policies arenot geared to protecting the needs of the poorestpeople and, without public financial support, thepoor may be denied access to medicines. There isa critical need to assess the effect of user chargesfor medicines in the public sector, in particulartheir impact on public health objectives.ProgressRecent progress in increasing public fundingof medicines has been inadequate due to thewidespread emphasis on health sector reform.However, all WHO regions have identifiedmedicines financing among their priorities andWHO has provided technical support in severalcountries. In SEARO, for example, WHO supportedthe appraisal of new financing options such asrevolving funds or social insurance coverage. Muchof the recent focus in medicines financing has beenon the mobilization of additional funding resourcesinternationally, through the Global Fund and theCommission on Macroeconomics and Health. Inaddition, WHO input to the Millennium Projecthas stressed the importance of rethinking domesticmedicine financing strategies, in particular therole of user charges, and of ensuring that nationalEssential Medicines Lists are recognized as astatement of resource needs for public medicinesfinancing. In recent years, WHO has developedtechnical material on health financing generally andon medicines financing in particular. 25
COMPONENTS OF THE STRATEGY | 61Meeting the challenges 2004-2007Over the next four years WHO will:> launch an evidence-based consultativeapproach to national medicines financing,involving different stakeholders.> develop medicine financing assessments toprovide guidance for adaptation and use indifferent country settings.> identify short- and medium-termfinancing strategies to achieve measurableimprovements in access, on the basis ofapproaches that have been shown to work.Challenges remaining> publish and disseminate case studies andguidelines.Medicines financing is in crisis in many countries.Policy advice from international agencies inthe last two decades has stressed the need for areduced role for the public sector and a greaterreliance on private financing and provision, andtrends in pharmaceutical spending confirm thatthis has occurred. WHO estimates that almost2 billion people are currently without accessto essential medicines — a number that doesnot appear to have declined since 1987. Manycountries need to re-affirm that finance for thepurchase of essential medicines for the poor anddisadvantaged and for diseases with a majorpublic health impact is a public responsibility,and to find effective ways of integrating privatemedicine providers into public health policy.OUTCOME INDICATORS1999 2003 2007No. of countries with public spending on medicines belowUS$2 per person per year#REPORTING % TARGET#REPORTING % TARGET38/103 37% 35% 24/80 30% 20%
- Page 23: MEDICINESAND PUBLIC HEALTH
- Page 26 and 27: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 28 and 29: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 30 and 31: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 32 and 33: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 34 and 35: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 36 and 37: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 38 and 39: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 40 and 41: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 42 and 43: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 44 and 45: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 46 and 47: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 48 and 49: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 50 and 51: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 52 and 53: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 54 and 55: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 56 and 57: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 58 and 59: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 60 and 61: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 62 and 63: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 64 and 65: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 66 and 67: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 68 and 69: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 70 and 71: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 74 and 75: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 76 and 77: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 78 and 79: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 80 and 81: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 82 and 83: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 84 and 85: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 86 and 87: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 88 and 89: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 90 and 91: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 92 and 93: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 94 and 95: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 96 and 97: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 98 and 99: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 100 and 101: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 102 and 103: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 104 and 105: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 106 and 107: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 108 and 109: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 110 and 111: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 112 and 113: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 114 and 115: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 116 and 117: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 118 and 119: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 120 and 121: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
COMPONENTS OF THE STRATEGY | 61Meeting the challenges 2004-2007Over the next four years WHO will:> launch an evidence-based consultativeapproach to national <strong>medicines</strong> financing,involving different stakeholders.> develop medicine financing assessments toprovide guidance for adaptation and use indifferent country settings.> identify short- and medium-termfinancing strategies to achieve measurableimprovements in access, on the basis ofapproaches that have been shown to work.Challenges remaining> publish and disseminate case studies andguidelines.Medicines financing is in crisis in many countries.Policy advice from <strong>int</strong>ernational agencies <strong>int</strong>he last two decades has stressed the need for areduced role for the public sector and a greaterreliance on private financing and provision, andtrends in pharmaceutical spending confirm thatthis has occurred. WHO estimates that almost2 billion people are currently without accessto essential <strong>medicines</strong> — a number that doesnot appear to have declined since 1987. Manycountries need to re-affirm that finance for thepurchase of essential <strong>medicines</strong> for the poor anddisadvantaged and for diseases with a majorpublic health impact is a public responsibility,and to find effective ways of <strong>int</strong>egrating privatemedicine providers <strong>int</strong>o public health policy.OUTCOME INDICATORS1999 2003 2007No. of countries with public spending on <strong>medicines</strong> belowUS$2 per person per year#REPORTING % TARGET#REPORTING % TARGET38/103 37% 35% 24/80 30% 20%
Change language