who medicines strategy - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization
who medicines strategy - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization who medicines strategy - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization
WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 | 40Figure 6:National recognition of the right to health Source: Kinney ED, “The International Human Right to Health:What Does This Mean for our Nation and World?” in IndianaLaw Review, Vol 34, 2001, page 1465.EO 1.7Access to essential medicinesrecognized as a human right viaadvocacy and policy guidance torecognize and monitor access toessential medicines as part of theright to healthRationaleThe right to health is referred to in the openingparagraph of the WHO Constitution. It has alsobeen recognized in many global and regionalhuman rights treaties, such as the InternationalCovenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights(ICESCR) which has been signed by over 140countries. In the authoritative General CommentNo.14 (2000) by the Committee on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights, the right to healthfacilities, goods, and services in article 12.2.(d) ofthe Covenant is understood to include, inter alia,the appropriate treatment of prevalent diseases,preferably at community level, and the provisionof essential drugs as defined by WHO. While theCovenant provides for progressive realization andacknowledges the limits of available resources,State parties have an immediate obligation toguarantee that the right to health will be exercisedwithout discrimination of any kind, and to takedeliberate and concrete steps towards its fullrealization.ProgressAll countries in the world have signed at leastone of the international treaties that confirm theright to health as a human right (Figure 6); and109 countries have included the right to healthin their constitution. In an increasing number ofcountries, especially in Latin America but also inThailand and South Africa, individuals or NGOshave initiated and won constitutional court cases,demanding from their government the equitablerealization of the right to health — for example,winning universal access to certain types ofessential medicines.Within the UN system, a Special Rapporteuron the Right to Health was appointed in 2001.The Special Rapporteur is working in closecollaboration with WHO, with the aim ofincluding regular reporting on equitable access toessential medicines as part of the obligatory fiveyearreporting by State parties to the InternationalCovenant.
COMPONENTS OF THE STRATEGY | 41Meeting the challenges 2004-2007Over the next four years WHO will:> advocate a rights-based approach as oneadditional means to promote access toessential medicines, by collecting anddisseminating information on successfulactivities in developing countries and byformulating and providing practical advice toindividuals and NGOs active in this field.Challenges remaining> continue to collaborate with the UN SpecialRapporteur on the Right to Health to promoteregular reporting on access to essentialmedicines within standardized reportingsystems on the progressive realization of theRight to Health.Not all countries have recognized the right tohealth in their national constitution, and manycountries lack the means to ensure that the rightof access to essential medicines is fulfilled.But even where resources are limited, not allcountries recognize that they have an obligationto distribute equitably and without discrimination,and with special consideration for the poorand disadvantaged, whatever health servicesare possible within their means. An additionalchallenge is that many countries do not gatherany data on gender- or income-related access toessential medicines.OUTCOME INDICATORS1999 2003 2007No. of countries that provide HIV/AIDS-related medicinesfree at primary public health facilities#REPORTING % TARGET#REPORTING % TARGETna na na 60/104 58% 65%
- Page 10 and 11: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |x
- Page 12 and 13: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |x
- Page 14 and 15: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 23: MEDICINESAND PUBLIC HEALTH
- Page 26 and 27: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 28 and 29: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 30 and 31: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 32 and 33: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 34 and 35: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 36 and 37: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 38 and 39: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 40 and 41: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 42 and 43: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 44 and 45: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 46 and 47: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 48 and 49: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 50 and 51: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 54 and 55: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 56 and 57: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 58 and 59: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 60 and 61: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 62 and 63: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 64 and 65: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 66 and 67: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 68 and 69: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 70 and 71: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 72 and 73: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 74 and 75: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 76 and 77: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 78 and 79: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 80 and 81: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 82 and 83: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 84 and 85: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 86 and 87: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 88 and 89: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 90 and 91: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 92 and 93: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 94 and 95: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 96 and 97: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 98 and 99: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
- Page 100 and 101: WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 |
COMPONENTS OF THE STRATEGY | 41Meeting the challenges 2004-2007Over the next four years WHO will:> advocate a rights-based approach as oneadditional means to promote access toessential <strong>medicines</strong>, by collecting anddisseminating information on successfulactivities in developing countries and byformulating and providing practical advice toindividuals and NGOs active in this field.Challenges remaining> continue to collaborate with the UN SpecialRapporteur on the Right to <strong>Health</strong> to promoteregular reporting on access to essential<strong>medicines</strong> within standardized reportingsystems on the progressive realization of theRight to <strong>Health</strong>.Not all countries have recognized the right tohealth in their national constitution, and manycountries lack the means to ensure that the rightof access to essential <strong>medicines</strong> is fulfilled.But even where resources are limited, not allcountries recognize that they have an obligationto distribute equitably and without discrimination,and with special consideration for the poorand disadvantaged, whatever health servicesare possible within their means. An additionalchallenge is that many countries do not gatherany data on gender- or income-related access toessential <strong>medicines</strong>.OUTCOME INDICATORS1999 2003 2007No. of countries that provide HIV/AIDS-related <strong>medicines</strong>free at primary public health facilities#REPORTING % TARGET#REPORTING % TARGETna na na 60/104 58% 65%
Change language