who medicines strategy - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization
who medicines strategy - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization
who medicines strategy - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization
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MEDICINES AND PUBLIC HEALTH | 15(by value) increased in high-income countries,but fell in low-income countries — despitean increase in population. As a result, WHOestimates that 15% of the world’s populationconsumes 91% of the world’s production ofpharmaceuticals (by value).Compared to 1985, many more countries todayhave national <strong>medicines</strong> policies. However, inlow-income countries, all too often these policieslack implementation plans and supportingstrategies such as price control, generic promotionor the effective regulation of quality. Theserealities are a continuing challenge for WHO inpromoting the concept of essential <strong>medicines</strong>.Over the past 15 years, there have also beenchanges in the global context in which national<strong>medicines</strong> policies are being implemented. Theglobal burden of disease has undergone a majorshift as both the scale and impact of HIV/AIDShave become fully apparent. In 1988, therewere an estimated 6.3 million HIV/AIDS casesworldwide. By the end of 2003 an estimated 40million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Ofthose, about 30% live in southern Africa — hometo just 2% of the world’s population — and anestimated 2.5 million are children under the ageof 15. During 2003, WHO estimates that about 5million people were newly infected with HIV andthere were about 3 million AIDS deaths.The global response to the HIV/AIDS pandemichas brought <strong>int</strong>o focus a number of key issuesin <strong>medicines</strong> policy. One of these is the criticalimportance of innovation. The research anddevelopment of new, safe, and effective <strong>medicines</strong>is critical to saving lives and reducing sufferingfrom a new disease on an epidemic scale.However, many of these new <strong>medicines</strong> havebeen at the centre of continuing controversiesabout prices and the legal limits to competitionthrough <strong>int</strong>ellectual property rights in the form ofpatents. In a global trading situation, <strong>int</strong>ellectualproperty rights occupy an important place and<strong>medicines</strong> have held centre stage in discussionsin and around the <strong>World</strong> Trade <strong>Organization</strong>(WTO) about whether, and at what speed,implementation of a single set of <strong>int</strong>ernationaltrade rules should occur.