who medicines strategy - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization

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WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 | 140Figure 31: Monitoring ProgressLEVEL ISTRUCTURES AND PROCESSLEVEL IIOUTCOME INDICATORS(assessment of country NDP,household survey on access and use)LEVEL IIISPECIFIC COMPONENTS USING DETAILED INDICATORSMonitoring progress with the strategy– measuring against indicators at countrylevelIt is important to have a regular source ofinformation on the pharmaceutical situation at thecountry, regional, and global level that can be usedas a guide for governments and stakeholders. Thisinformation should link to strategies and priorityactivities implemented in countries.In recent years, WHO has developed a numberof tools to track progress on key indicators andessential components of country pharmaceuticalsituations. One of these tools is the questionnaireon the structures and processes of the countrypharmaceutical situation (the Level I questionnaire),which includes indicators that are collected fromall Member States every four years.Level I indicators provide a method to rapidlyassess the implementation of national medicinespolicies and their components. These indicatorsare evaluated through a questionnaire completedat the national level. These core indicators areused to assess existing structures and processes in anational pharmaceutical system such as legislation/regulations, quality control of pharmaceuticals,essential medicines list, medicines supply system,medicines financing, access to essential medicines,production, rational use of medicines, intellectualproperty rights protection, and marketingauthorization.Information from Level I indicators are nowbeing used by WHO to monitor its priority areasof work and to analyse country, regional, andglobal performance in the pharmaceutical sector.Country progress indicators corresponding totarget outcomes in the WHO Medicines Strategywere selected mostly from Level I indicators.Country progress indicators were identified basedon expected activity outcome and challengingissues relevant to WHO work on pharmaceuticals.However, the indicators are intended to measurethe collective efforts of the government and othergroups, agencies, and stakeholders involved inpharmaceuticals.The results of the 2003 survey have been comparedagainst targets for the WHO Medicines Strategy2000-2003 and used as baseline data for the 2004-2007 Strategy. New targets for each indicator werethen established for the conclusion of the newStrategy by 2007 (see summary table of CountryProgress Indicators below).
MONITORING PROGRESS WITH THE STRATEGY | 141Country Progress Indicators for Expected Outcomes of WHO Medicines Strategy 2004-2007Expected Outcomes and Indicators WMS 2004 - 2007 1999 1999 2003 2003 2003 2007# Reporting % Target # Reporting % TargetEO 1.1 Medicines policies developed, updated and implemented taking into consideration health, development, and intersectoral policies toachieve maximum impactCountries with an official national medicines policy document—new or updated within the last 10 yearsCountries with a national medicines policy implementation plan—new or updated within the last 5 years67/152 44% 55% 62/123 50% 59%41/106 39% 43% 49/103 48% 61%EO 1.2 Implementation of medicines policy regularly monitored and evaluated, providing data that can be used in adjusting policy and interventionsto improve access to medicinesCountries having conducted a national assessment of theirpharmaceutical situation in the last 4 yearsna na na 47/90 52% 58%EO 1.3 Public health aspects protected in the negotiation and implementation of international, regiona,l and bilateral trade agreements throughinter-country collaboration and legislative steps to safeguard access to essential medicinesCountries integrating TRIPS Agreement flexibilities into nationallegislation to protect public healthna na na 32/105 30% 45%EO 1.4 Human resources capacity increased in the pharmaceutical sector through education and training programmes to develop capacity and tomotivate and retain personnel in sufficient numbers within a clearly defined and organized structureCountries that provide both basic and continuing educationprogrammes for pharmacists54/85 64% na 34/110 31% 35%EO 1.5 Promotion of innovation based on public health needs, especially for neglected diseases, through policies and actions creating a favourableenvironment for innovation of medically needed new medicinesCountries promoting research and development of new activesubstancesna na na 21/114 18% 22%EO 1.6 Gender perspectives introduced in the implementation of medicines policies by identifying gender differences in access to and rational useof medicines and supporting women in their central role in health careCountries providing free medicines for pregnant women at primarypublic health facilitiesna na na 54/106 51% 60%EO 1.7 Access to essential medicines recognized as a human right via advocacy and policy guidance to recognize and monitor access to essentialmedicines as part of the right to healthCountries that provide HIV/AIDS-related medicines free at primarypublic health facilitiesna na na 60/104 58% 65%EO 1.8 Ethical practices promoted and anti-corruption measures identified and implemented in the pharmaceutical sector, using the experience ofsuccessful programmes addressing aspects of corruption encountered in the pharmaceutical sectorCountries with medicines legislation requiring transparency,accountability and code of conduct for regulatory workna na na 84/114 74% 80%EO 2.1 TM/CAM integrated in national health care systems where appropriate by developing and implementing national TM/CAM policies andprogrammesCountries with national TM policy 25 na na 39/127* 31%* 37%EO 2.2 Safety, efficacy and quality of TM/CAM enhanced through expanding the knowledge base on safety, efficacy and quality of TM/CAM andproviding guidance on regulation and quality assurance standardsCountries regulating herbal medicines 48 na na 82/127* 65%* 75%EO 2.3 Availability and affordability of TM/CAM enhanced through measures aiming to protect and preserve TM knowledge and national resourcesfor their sustainable useCountries with a national inventory of medicinal plants as a meansto provide intellectual property rights protection for traditionalmedical knowledgena na na 9/39 23% 33%EO 2.4 Rational use of TM/CAM by providers and consumers by promoting therapeutically sound use of appropriate TM/CAMCountries with national research institute in the field of TM/CAM 19 na na 56/127* 44%* 51%EO 3.1 Access to essential medicines improved, including medicines for HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB, childhood illnesses, and noncommunicablediseasesCountries where less than 50% of the population has access toessential medicines29/184 16% 14% 15/103 15% 14%EO 3.2 Public funding of medicines increased through increased organizational capacity to implement sustainable drug financing strategies andsystemsCountries with public spending on medicines below US$2 perperson per year38/103 37% 35% 24/80 30% 20%
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