who medicines strategy - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization

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WHO MEDICINES STRATEGY 2004-2007 | 92EO 5.4Achieving balance between abuseprevention and appropriate accessto psychoactive substances throughenhancing the implementation ofrelevant guidelines to promoterational use of controlled medicinesRationaleWHO is mandated by the 1961 UN SingleConvention on Narcotic Drugs and the 1971UN Convention on Psychotropic Substancesto undertake medical and scientific reviewof psychoactive substances for internationalcontrol with a view to preventing abuse of thesesubstances. International drug control is a jointundertaking involving WHO, the United NationsCommission on Narcotic Drugs, InternationalNarcotic Control Board, and Member States. Inparallel with fighting the illicit use of narcotic andpsychotropic drugs, the goals of drug conventionsalso include ensuring the availability of andaccess to psychoactive substances for medicaluse. To achieve these two objectives, WHOpromotes the balanced drug control policy amongits Member States.ProgressSince 1949, through its Expert Committee onDrug Dependence, WHO has reviewed morethan 410 substances. Between 1948 (whenWHO was established) and 2003, the numberof narcotic drugs under international controlincreased from 18 to 118, and the number ofpsychotropic substances from 32 to 116. In orderto facilitate the review process, in 2000 WHOamended the Guidelines for the WHO Review ofDependence-Producing Psychoactive Substancesfor International Control. 46 The anticipatedadoption of these guidelines in 2004 will furtherclarify the review principle for psychotropicsubstances.Figure 22:Formula for new HIV/AIDS medicines: didanosineHNHOONHONNHdidanosineIn 2000, WHO issued a document on AchievingBalance in National Opioids Control Policy:Guidelines for Assessment 47 for use by MemberStates. WHO also assisted the United NationsInternational Drug Control Programme (UNDCP)in drafting guidelines for national regulationsconcerning travellers under treatment withinternationally controlled drugs. The guidelines,adopted by the 45 th session of the Commission onNarcotic Drugs in 2002, are intended to facilitateand enhance the security of patients who wish tocontinue their treatment while travelling. In 2002,WHO organized a workshop with the CentralEuropean countries in Hungary on improvingaccess to opioids for pain and palliative care inthe countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
COMPONENTS OF THE STRATEGY | 93Figure 23:Global distribution of consumption of morphine in 2001Source: Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2002 48Europe (12.2%) • 33%Japan (2.1%) • 6%Australia andNew Zealand (0.4%) • 5%Others (80%) • 5%Canada and the United States (5.3%) • 51%Note:Percentages in brackets refer to shares of the world’s population.Challenges remainingMany new chemical substances with psychoactiveproperties continue to be synthesized, distributed,and abused. These substances should be rapidlydetected, reviewed, and put under internationalcontrol, as necessary. However, overly restrictiveregulations in many countries on the distributionof psychoactive drugs, including narcotic painkillers, continue to limit their availability, resultingin the suffering of cancer patients and others dueto inadequately treated severe pain or untreatedmental disorders. As the International NarcoticsControl Board has highlighted, significantdifferences exist between countries in the extentto which narcotic drugs are used for the treatmentof pain — with their use in most developingcountries, in particular, at an extremely low level.Meeting the challenges 2004-2007Over the next four years WHO will:> continue to support the Expert Committeeon Drug Dependence by providing clearguidance for the review process.> enhance cooperation with the UNDCP andthe International Narcotics Control Boardand other relevant organizations in collectinginformation on new psychoactive substancesthat could be abused.> continue to advocate and promote the rationaluse of controlled medicines, particularlyin developing countries, by facilitating theimplementation of relevant guidelines inMember States.OUTCOME INDICATORS1999 2003 2007No. of substances reviewed and recommended forclassification for international control#REPORTING % TARGET#REPORTING % TARGET2/3. 66% na 5/5. 100% 80%
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REFERENCES | 1471Annual report 2000
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REFERENCES | 14912 th Model List of
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