Draft CMP HH - the Department of Environment

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Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project BGD/99/G31 Hakaluki Haor Draft Conservation Management Plan 7.3.4 Alternative Sustainable Livelihoods The communities living in and around Hakaluki Haor are one of the major sources of direct anthropogenic pressure impacting habitats, biodiversity, and resources of the ECA. The only real way to bring the local community alongside with the objectives of biodiversity conservation will be to provide them with alternative means of generating an income. However, the identification of alternative income generating activities should be an exercise that is undertaken with the full participation of relevant stakeholder groups in a manner that is meaningful such that it takes into consideration their lower economic status, restricted ability to make choices, and limited capacity to voice their concerns and interests. Essentially, choices concerning a change in livelihoods should be made by those, and only those, groups concerned. Otherwise, there will be no support for the process and any move to initiate (or support the initiation of) alternative IGA will ultimately fail in the long-term. Management Actions • Identify other projects and programmes already working with local communities to introduce alternative income generating activities and develop mechanisms and strategies which build upon these efforts to support biodiversity conservation and natural resources management • In collaboration with local community groups and relevant government agencies identify suitable alternative income generating activities which can be effectively introduced. Consider options such as: � Aquaculture � Tourism activities � Fruit trees � Handicrafts � Honey � Bamboo and cane furniture � Organic farming � Medicinal plants gardens � Floating nurseries/ gardens • For each alternative income generating activity identified assess parameters such as: � Number of people involved � Productions potential � Power source required (electricity, gas) � Use of raw materials and potential impact on the environment � Potential income � Ownership cooperative) (private, family, � Division of labour (men, women, children) � Need for loan and credit schemes � Target market (self and community consumption, local market, regional market) � Marketing channel (self, middleman, organisation) � Licensing, permits, and taxes � Local government support � Involvement of local elite � Consistency with local values and beliefs • Explore the viability of introducing schemes such as micro-enterprise development, marketing, savings and credit which help provide financial security to local communities • Introduce a programme to monitor the effectiveness of newly introduced alternative income generating activities • Work with communities to address issues and problems identified as part of the monitoring programme Prepared by UNOPS Consultant Mr. Sulma Warne August/ September 2005 for Project BGD/99/G31 41
Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project BGD/99/G31 Hakaluki Haor Draft Conservation Management Plan Primary Outcome/ Output • Communities are practising economically viable and environmentally sustainable alternative income generating activities which help minimise pressure on the natural resources of the ECA Constraints • Introducing alternative livelihoods may not necessarily reduce the prevalence and extent of unsustainable and destructive livelihood practices within the ECA • Support may not be forthcoming from local government and local elite • Introducing new approaches to generate income is often slow and benefits are usually not immediate 7.4 Objective 4 - Legal, Policy and Institutional Issues 7.4.1 Legal and Policy Issues The management of Hakaluki Haor as an ECA must be closely aligned to the relevant political, legal, and institutional frameworks of the country. This will help ensure the viability of the management model developed, as well as its replicability and ultimately its long term success. The effective management of Hakaluki Haor as an ECA will therefore require a thorough review and analysis of the relevant political, legal, and institutional frameworks. Management Actions • Procure all relevant legal and policy documents • Review and analyse the effectiveness of BECA and the Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Act in supporting the management of Hakaluki Haor as an ECA • Identify gaps and weaknesses and develop recommendations which address these • Support, as required, actions necessary to amend these Acts • Review and analyse the effectiveness of relevant policy documents (such as the NCS, NEMAP, and NBSAP) in supporting the management of Hakaluki Haor as an ECA • Identify gaps and weaknesses and develop recommendations which address these • Support, as required, actions necessary to amend such policy documents or support actions to develop new and more effective policy Primary Outcome/ Output • The legal and policy framework of the Bangladesh is consistent with and effectively supports ECA management objectives Constraints • Incorporating change into legal and policy documents is often very difficult 7.4.2 Capacity Building The effective management of Hakaluki Haor as an ECA will be the primary responsibility of the ECA Management Unit (ECAMU) of the Department of Environment. One of the key issues often raised concerns the limited technical capacity that this Unit and the Department of Environment Prepared by UNOPS Consultant Mr. Sulma Warne August/ September 2005 for Project BGD/99/G31 42
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