Draft CMP HH - the Department of Environment

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Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project BGD/99/G31 Hakaluki Haor Draft Conservation Management Plan � Current varieties of rice being cultivated including both HYV and indigenous varieties � Preferred soil types of each rice variety � Cropping intensity and rotation (how many crops/ unit area/ year) � Yield of each rice variety � Land preparation requirements (animal driven plough, ladder, tractor) � Type of planting material (seed, seedling, wilding) � Sources of planting materials (self, private entrepreneur, NGO, GO) � Pest and diseases associated with each agricultural crop (animal, insect, fungus) � Pest and disease control (scarecrow, chemicals, biological control, other indigenous methods) � Major irrigation methods (natural source, shallow tube well, deep tube well) � Weeds and weeding including identification of the major weeds and approaches for control (manual, chemical etc.) � Use of fertilisers and manure (manure: cow dung, compost, left over stumps, fertilisers: N, P, K and other micronutrients, amount used per unit area, fertiliser application method, time of year fertilisers are applied � Problems associated with existing cropping patterns � Agricultural impacts on the surrounding ecosystem � Economic viability of each different agricultural crop � Rate of agricultural encroachment within the ECA � Different groups involved in farming including and the role they each plays in agricultural production • Prepare a separate report documenting all the indigenous rice varieties found in the Hakaluki Haor ECA • Undertake an cost-benefit analysis comparing HYV and indigenous rice varieties taking into consideration the long-term impacts on the environment • Investigate the possibility of re-introducing economically viable indigenous rice varieties • Provide technical, and where feasible financial, support to local farmers attempting to reintroduce indigenous rice varieties • Help farmers identify markets for indigenous rice varieties • Provide technical support to farmers cultivating HYV rice aimed at reducing soil degradation and the ecological impacts of agro-chemical use • Provide technical support to local farmers to identify natural and less harmful alternatives to herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, and fertilisers Primary Outcome/ Output • Agricultural is managed sustainably with increasing trends towards organic production • Indigenous rice varieties are re-introduced Constraints • Local farmers may resist becoming involving in the re-introduction of indigenous rice varieties as short-term rewards may not be incentive enough Prepared by UNOPS Consultant Mr. Sulma Warne August/ September 2005 for Project BGD/99/G31 29
Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project BGD/99/G31 Hakaluki Haor Draft Conservation Management Plan 7.2.11 Horticulture Horticultural activities in the ECA are typified by small homestead gardens producing a variety of fruit and vegetables. Homesteads are usually located at the periphery and adjacent to elevated fallow lands of the Haor. Some of the more common vegetables include rye, sweet gourd, long bean, tomato, eggplant, chilli, radish, bottle gourd, okra, and cabbage, while the fruit varieties grown mostly consist of lychee, jackfruit, mango, coconut, guava, banana, lime, carambola, and hogplum. Generally fruit and vegetable are grown for personal consumption, however, some are sold in nearby markets to help supplement household incomes. One of the key advantages of horticultural cash crops is that they help to reduce the pressure on wetlands resources which are often harvested as a way of generating additional income. When the Haor floods many of these homestead gardens especially the lower lying ones become inundated and as a result unusable. This natural phenomenon is one of the major limiting factors for the introduction horticultural activities as a dependable way of generating an additional income stream for poor families. Although there are potential benefits to be derived from the development of more productive and economically viable homestead gardens, there are also potential disadvantages. Of most concern is the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilisers which affect soil fertility, contaminate water, and pose a threat to public heath. Management Actions • Involving local communities and relevant government agencies collect ecological baseline information concerning the full range of horticultural crops in and around Hakaluki Haor including: � The number and type of different varieties currently being cultivated � Preferred habitat and soil type associated with each variety � Seasonal and spatial distribution of different crops � Existing crop rotation patterns � Irrigation requirements � The range of pests and diseases affecting crops � Current mechanisms for controlling pests and disease � Current type and use levels of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilisers � Potential for using organic and environmentally safe alternatives to pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilisers • Involving local communities and relevant government agencies collect socio-economic baseline information relating to each horticultural crop grown in and around Hakaluki Haor including: � The variety of different uses � Cultural practices associated with associated with each crop each horticultural crops � Whether the crop is used for self- � Seed sources, storage, and treatment consumption or sold in the market � Seed cost and availability � The economic viability including potential return associated with each crop and how this relates to the size of each garden � � Market, processing and transportation of horticultural crops Health benefits associated with each crop • Involving local communities and relevant government agencies collect information concerning the potential for introducing new horticultural crops especially those that have promise for Prepared by UNOPS Consultant Mr. Sulma Warne August/ September 2005 for Project BGD/99/G31 30
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