Draft CMP HH - the Department of Environment
Draft CMP HH - the Department of Environment Draft CMP HH - the Department of Environment
Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project BGD/99/G31 Hakaluki Haor Draft Conservation Management Plan • Survey, identify and assess impact on biodiversity of areas of high siltation and consider suitability of dredging such areas • Assess feasibility of reconnecting Juri and Kantinalla through an existing natural canal to help reduce siltation Primary Outcome/ Output • Fish are protected, numbers are increasing, and threatened species are recovered • Fishing in the ECA is appropriately regulated and sustainably managed Constraints • On-going enforcement of illegal fishing practices is very difficult • Accurate monitoring of fish catch may not be possible • Beel leasing is highly controversial and identifying suitable arrangements that support fish conservation and which is agreeable to all relevant stakeholders may not be an easy process 7.1.4 Plants Hakaluki Haor was once a landscape dominated by an assemblage of plant species uniquely adapted to the aquatic conditions of Haor. Today, this vegetation largely represented by swamp forest trees (Barringtonia aucutangulata, Pongamia pinneta, Lagerstromia speciosa, and Trewia nodifolia), reeds (Phragmatis karka, Arundo and Sacccharm), shrubs (Bontulshi and Bonalot add scientific names) and grasses (Phragmatis and Hygrorhiza) is still present but in a highly degraded and fragmented form. Aquatic plants (submerged, floating and amphibious) are also much less abundant and some are now recognised as threatened such as Euryale ferox and Trapa bispinosa. The original flora of Hakaluki Haor, commonly referred to as swamp forest, is highly significant not only because it is adapted to seasonal inundation, but also because of the important role it plays in the conservation of biodiversity and the benefits it provides to local communities. In summary, swamp forests provide: • Habitat for wildlife • Spawning and feeding habitat for fish. This function is largely played by Barringtonia aucutangulata as plankton are attracted to this species and this in turn attracts fish • Nesting and roosting site for birds. The Pallas Fish Eagle, Grey-Headed Eagle, and Brahminy Kite are particularly attracted to Barringtonia aucutangulata and Pongamia pinneta • Shelter and refuge for fish, birds, other wildlife, and humans • A source of fuel wood • Housing and mat making materials • Medicine • Food • Fodder for cattle • Barriers against the erosive effects of wave action The major threats to the remaining swamp forests of Hakaluki Haor include agricultural encroachment, over-harvesting especially for fuel and building materials, cattle grazing, and the dewatering of beels both for fishing and irrigation. In addition, swamp forest species especially the Prepared by UNOPS Consultant Mr. Sulma Warne August/ September 2005 for Project BGD/99/G31 15
Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project BGD/99/G31 Hakaluki Haor Draft Conservation Management Plan trees are now commonly being replaced by faster growing exotics such as Acacia species and Mahogany. Management actions • Undertake, in collaboration with local community groups, a comprehensive survey of terrestrial and aquatic flora in the ECA with particular attention to swamp forest species • Identify and document the ecological parameters that underpin the favourable growth of plant and plant communities including soil type, climate and weather conditions, topography, drainage etc. • Prepare an inventory of all plants including a separate one for medicinal plant species • Estimate population numbers for each plant species • Identify vulnerable, endangered, and critically threatened plant species and prepare species recovery plans for those at most risk • Implement the species recovery plans in close collaboration with local community groups and relevant government authorities • In collaboration with local communities help establish a sufficient number of nurseries to provide the required amount of saplings/ seedlings needed for plant restoration activities • Provide on-going technical, and where feasible financial, support to ensure that nurseries are effectively managed and will be viable in the long-term • Create and update plant databases based on new information from the field • Work with local community groups to find alternatives to collecting fuelwood, wild medicinal plants, aquatic plants, and other plant resources for either personal use or to sell in local markets • Identify the key threats to critical plant communities in the Haor and develop recommendations aimed at mitigating these threats • Identify critical plant communities especially swamp forests and work with local community groups and relevant government agencies to ensure that these sites come under appropriate protection as sanctuaries • Organise education and awareness raising activities which promote an understanding of the need for plant and forest conservation in Hakaluki Haor • Build the capacity of local community groups to undertake on-going monitoring of plant and plant communities at Hakaluki Haor • Ensure that all plant surveys are part of an integrated ecological monitoring programme for Hakaluki Haor • Review the legal and policy framework which regulates the protection of plant and swamp forests in the ECA and propose amendments that more effectively support their conservation Primary Outcome/ Output • Plant and plant communities especially swamp forests are protected • Swamp forest cover is increased • Threatened plant species are recovered Constraints • Plants of Hakaluki Haor are collected for many reasons and changing these habits to make them more sustainable will probably be quite difficult especially among the poorer communities Prepared by UNOPS Consultant Mr. Sulma Warne August/ September 2005 for Project BGD/99/G31 16
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Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project BGD/99/G31<br />
Hakaluki Haor <strong>Draft</strong> Conservation Management Plan<br />
• Survey, identify and assess impact on biodiversity <strong>of</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> high siltation and consider<br />
suitability <strong>of</strong> dredging such areas<br />
• Assess feasibility <strong>of</strong> reconnecting Juri and Kantinalla through an existing natural canal to help<br />
reduce siltation<br />
Primary Outcome/ Output<br />
• Fish are protected, numbers are increasing, and threatened species are recovered<br />
• Fishing in <strong>the</strong> ECA is appropriately regulated and sustainably managed<br />
Constraints<br />
• On-going enforcement <strong>of</strong> illegal fishing practices is very difficult<br />
• Accurate monitoring <strong>of</strong> fish catch may not be possible<br />
• Beel leasing is highly controversial and identifying suitable arrangements that support fish<br />
conservation and which is agreeable to all relevant stakeholders may not be an easy process<br />
7.1.4 Plants<br />
Hakaluki Haor was once a landscape dominated by an assemblage <strong>of</strong> plant species uniquely adapted<br />
to <strong>the</strong> aquatic conditions <strong>of</strong> Haor. Today, this vegetation largely represented by swamp forest trees<br />
(Barringtonia aucutangulata, Pongamia pinneta, Lagerstromia speciosa, and Trewia nodifolia),<br />
reeds (Phragmatis karka, Arundo and Sacccharm), shrubs (Bontulshi and Bonalot add scientific<br />
names) and grasses (Phragmatis and Hygrorhiza) is still present but in a highly degraded and<br />
fragmented form. Aquatic plants (submerged, floating and amphibious) are also much less abundant<br />
and some are now recognised as threatened such as Euryale ferox and Trapa bispinosa.<br />
The original flora <strong>of</strong> Hakaluki Haor, commonly referred to as swamp forest, is highly significant<br />
not only because it is adapted to seasonal inundation, but also because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> important role it plays<br />
in <strong>the</strong> conservation <strong>of</strong> biodiversity and <strong>the</strong> benefits it provides to local communities. In summary,<br />
swamp forests provide:<br />
• Habitat for wildlife<br />
• Spawning and feeding habitat for fish. This function is largely played by Barringtonia<br />
aucutangulata as plankton are attracted to this species and this in turn attracts fish<br />
• Nesting and roosting site for birds. The Pallas Fish Eagle, Grey-Headed Eagle, and Brahminy<br />
Kite are particularly attracted to Barringtonia aucutangulata and Pongamia pinneta<br />
• Shelter and refuge for fish, birds, o<strong>the</strong>r wildlife, and humans<br />
• A source <strong>of</strong> fuel wood<br />
• Housing and mat making materials<br />
• Medicine<br />
• Food<br />
• Fodder for cattle<br />
• Barriers against <strong>the</strong> erosive effects <strong>of</strong> wave action<br />
The major threats to <strong>the</strong> remaining swamp forests <strong>of</strong> Hakaluki Haor include agricultural<br />
encroachment, over-harvesting especially for fuel and building materials, cattle grazing, and <strong>the</strong> dewatering<br />
<strong>of</strong> beels both for fishing and irrigation. In addition, swamp forest species especially <strong>the</strong><br />
Prepared by UNOPS Consultant Mr. Sulma Warne August/ September 2005 for Project BGD/99/G31 15
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