Chapter 8. Education2000 FSM <strong>Census</strong> of <strong>Chuuk</strong> <strong>State</strong>Table 8.5: Gross Enrollment Ratio by Sex, <strong>Chuuk</strong> <strong>State</strong>: 1994 and 20001994 2000Level Total Males Females Total Males FemalesElementary 92.0 91.8 92.2 93.0 92.1 94.0High School 81.0 75.9 86.6 77.6 77.6 84.5Source: 1994 & 2000 FSM <strong>Census</strong>, unpublished dataEducational AttainmentEducational Attainment by Age and SexTable 8.6 summarizes data on educational attainment for the population aged 25 years and over. The absolute numbersof the population completing some level of education increased between 1980 and 2000. The proportion for personswith no schooling decreased from about 35 percent in 1980 to about 19 percent in 1994 and 18 percent in 2000. Thatis, in 1980 one in every three persons had no schooling, compared to one in five in 1994 and 2000. Also, theproportion of the population completing at least high school levels of education (high school and higher) increasedfrom around 22 percent in 1980 to about 46 percent in 1994 and 49 percent in 2000.In general, educational attainment for males also increased consistently between 1980, 1994 and 2000. The proportionof males with no schooling in 2000 was 15 percent, a decrease from over 29 percent in 1980 and about 16 percent in1994. The proportion with only elementary level attainment declined in 1994 and rose significantly in 2000. Theproportion with high school attainment increased significantly while that of college decreased. The decline in theproportion of males with only elementary level education between 1980 and 1994 could have possibly resulted from,among other things, the heavy out migration of working age males during the second half of the 1980s, many of whomemigrated to take jobs as laborers and may not have had higher level of education.Table 8.6: Educational Attainment for Age 25 Years and Over by Sex, <strong>Chuuk</strong> <strong>State</strong>: 1980, 1994 and 2000NumberPercentEducational attainment 1980 1994 2000 1980 1994 2000Total 12,754 18,553 19,980 100.0 100.0 100.0No school 4,415 3,553 3,561 34.6 19.2 17.8Pre-school/kindergarten -... 1,177 121 .-.. 6.3 0.6Elementary 5,508 5,328 6,743 43.2 28.7 33.7High school 2,094 5,570 6,821 16.4 30.0 34.1College 737 2,925 2,734 5.8 15.8 13.7Males 6,381 9,241 9,788 100.0 100.0 100.0No school 1,868 1,438 1472 29.3 15.6 15.0Pre-school/kindergarten -... 508 57 .-.. 5.5 0.6Elementary 2,530 2,191 2904 39.6 23.7 29.7High school 1,416 3,075 3613 22.2 33.3 36.9College 567 2,029 1742 8.9 22.0 17.8Females 6,373 9,312 10,192 100.0 100.0 100.0No School 2,547 2,115 2089 40.0 22.7 20.5Pre-School/Kindergarten -... 669 64 .-.. 7.2 0.6Elementary 2,978 3,137 3839 46.7 33.7 37.7High School 678 2,495 3208 10.6 26.8 31.5College 170 896 992 2.7 9.6 9.7Source: 1980 TTPI <strong>Census</strong>, Table T35; 1994 FSM <strong>Census</strong>, Table P24; 2000 FSM <strong>Census</strong>, Table P2-12.The improvement in educational attainment for females in <strong>Chuuk</strong> <strong>State</strong> was more pronounced. The proportion offemales with no schooling was 21 percent in 2000, a drop from 40 percent in 1980 and about 23 percent in 1994. Inother words, in 1980 two women in every five had no grade completed compared to about one in five, in 1994 and2000. This improvement held true for higher education levels, as well. The proportion of females with at least a highschool education increased from about 13 percent in 1980 to over 36 percent in 1994 to 41 percent in 2000. Theproportion of females with some college education also increased by about seven percentage points (from about 3 toabout 10 percent) over the period of a decade and a half.Table 8.7 further presents the cumulative percentage distribution of the population aged 25 years and over by thehighest grade completed. Cumulative percentage provides the proportion of the population with at least a given levelof educational attainment. In 2000 about 82 percent of the population aged 25 years and over had some level ofeducation as opposed to 75 percent in 1994. The population with at least elementary level education constituted about58 percent in 1994 and 63 percent in 2000. Likewise, the proportion of the population with high school or higher-leveleducation was about 16 percent in 1994 and 14 percent in 2000. While the attainment at lower levels of educationcould be considered somewhat satisfactory, higher-level educational attainment in <strong>Chuuk</strong> <strong>State</strong> could be improved.68 <strong>Chuuk</strong> Branch Statistics Office, Division of Statistics, FSM Department of Economic Affairs
2000 FSM <strong>Census</strong> of <strong>Chuuk</strong> <strong>State</strong>Chapter 8. EducationFurthermore, for the population aged 25 years and over, males tended to have higher education levels than females. Thedifferences were more pronounced at the higher levels of education. In 2000, about 7 in every 10 males attained atleast an elementary level of education compared to 6 in 10 females. The corresponding proportion of completing atleast a high school level of education was 38 in 100 for males and 26 in 100 for females. Also less than 1 percent ofmales and females aged 25 years and over had a masters or doctorate degree.Table 8.7: Educational Attainment for Age 25 Years and Over by Sex, <strong>Chuuk</strong> <strong>State</strong>: 1994 and 20001994 2000Number Percent Number PercentEducational attainment Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males FemalesTotal 13,823 9,241 9,312 --- --- --- 19,980 9,788 10,192 --- --- ---No school 3,553 1,438 2,115 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,561 1472 2089 100.0 100.0 100.0Pre-school/kindergarten 1,177 508 669 80.8 84.4 77.3 121 57 64 82.2 85.0 79.5Elementary 5,328 2,191 3,137 74.5 78.9 70.1 6,743 2,904 3,839 81.6 84.4 78.9Grade one 86 35 51 74.5 78.9 70.1 37 19 18 81.6 84.4 78.9Grade two 120 42 78 74.0 78.6 69.6 110 42 68 81.4 84.2 78.7Grade three 455 203 252 73.4 78.1 68.7 610 268 342 80.8 83.8 78.0Grade four 280 108 172 70.9 75.9 66.0 400 159 241 77.8 81.0 74.7Grade five 534 217 317 69.4 74.7 64.2 575 250 325 75.8 79.4 72.3Grade six 840 346 494 66.6 72.4 60.8 1,032 447 585 72.9 76.8 69.1Grade seven 763 311 452 62.0 68.7 55.5 920 418 502 67.7 72.3 63.4Grade eight 2,250 929 1,321 57.9 65.3 50.6 3,059 1301 1758 63.1 68.0 58.5High school 5,570 3,075 2,495 45.8 55.2 36.4 6,821 3,613 3,208 47.8 54.7 41.2Grade nine 922 461 461 45.8 55.2 36.4 1,257 643 614 47.8 54.7 41.2Grade ten 897 501 396 40.8 50.2 31.5 1,196 625 571 41.5 48.1 35.2Grade eleven 493 271 222 36.0 44.8 27.2 741 408 333 35.5 41.8 29.6Grade Twelve 3,258 1,842 1416 33.3 41.9 24.8 3,627 1937 1690 31.8 37.6 26.3College 2,925 2,029 896 15.8 22.0 9.6 2,734 1,742 992 13.7 17.8 9.7Some college 1,324 835 489 15.8 22.0 9.6 1,446 893 553 13.7 17.8 9.7A.S. or A.A. 866 585 281 8.6 12.9 4.4 873 554 319 6.4 8.7 4.3B.S. or B.A. 384 281 103 4.0 6.6 1.4 335 234 101 2.1 3.0 1.2Masters and PhD 351 328 23 1.9 3.5 0.2 80 61 19 0.4 0.6 0.2Source: 1994 & 2000 FSM <strong>Census</strong>, unpublished dataEducational attainment of the population aged 25 years and over varied considerably among the regions in <strong>Chuuk</strong> <strong>State</strong>(Table 8. 8). For both census years 1994 and 2000, the proportion of the population with educational attainment of highschool or higher was highest in Pattiw. In 1994 Northern Namoneas came in second highest followed by Halls; then in2000 the two regions switched so that Halls came in second followed by Northern Namoneas. The remaining regionsof Mortlocks, Namonuito, Southern Namoneas and Faichuk followed this order for both 1994 and 2000. Theproportion of college graduates remained the highest in Northern Namoneas. Pattiw came in second highest in 1994then in 2000 it was the Halls region. The proportion of the population with some college remained the highest inPattiw. The differences in the proportion of persons with higher educational attainment could have resulted fromvarying educational facilities and attendance between the seven regions plus inter-municipality, inter-state andinternational migration. It is of great importance to note the regions with the lowest proportion of persons with highereducational attainment in order to implement educational systems targeted towards their particular needs.Table 8.8: Educational Attainment for Aged 25 Years and Over by Region, <strong>Chuuk</strong> <strong>State</strong>: 1994 and 20001994 2000Less than Elem- Some H. sch. Some College Less than Elem- Some H. sch. Some CollegeRegion Total Percent elementary entary H.S. grads. college grads. Total Percent elementary entary H.S. grads. college grads.Total 18,553 100.0 22.3 16.3 23.4 16.9 9.6 11.6 19,980 100.0 18.4 33.7 23.1 11.1 7.2 6.4Lagoon 10,736 100.0 23.5 16.3 22.9 16.0 9.1 12.2 14,777 100.0 20.3 35.5 21.9 9.2 6.7 6.3N. Namoneas 5,036 100.0 17.5 15.0 19.3 19.0 10.5 18.7 5,679 100.0 14.7 30.5 23.1 13.1 8.9 9.6S. Namoneas 3027 100.0 26.0 19.2 25.4 15.1 7.6 6.7 4,333 100.0 16.1 43.8 21.3 7.3 6.2 5.3Faichuk 2,673 100.0 32.1 15.6 27.1 11.4 8.0 5.9 4,765 100.0 30.9 33.8 21.1 6.4 4.5 3.3Outer Islands 3087 100.0 18.0 16.0 25.2 19.9 11.3 9.6 5203 100.0 13.0 28.9 26.3 16.3 8.8 6.8Mortlocks 1709 100.0 23.2 17.4 24.8 16.9 8.1 9.6 2,875 100.0 11.0 38.5 23.1 13.3 7.3 6.9Pattiw 613 100.0 13.9 14.8 16.8 23.2 18.6 12.7 1,046 100.0 13.3 18.5 23.1 24.8 13.9 6.5Namonuito 212 100.0 19.3 18.4 27.8 17.9 13.2 3.3 429 100.0 13.3 21.2 39.2 14.5 6.8 5.1Halls 553 100.0 5.8 12.1 34.5 26.6 12.7 8.3 853 100.0 19.0 13.1 34.3 17.0 8.6 8.0Source: 1994 FSM <strong>Census</strong>es, Table P24; 2000 FSM <strong>Census</strong>, Table P2-12.Educational attainment varied considerably with age (Table 8.9). For both census years, the age group 65 and over hadthe highest proportion with only an elementary level of education while the age groups 25-29, 30-34 and 35-44 hadhigher proportions in high school and some college level of education. The age group 45-54 had the highest proportionattaining college. Persons being away at school and taking longer than in the past to finish in plus the effects of outmigrationon the education statistics may have influenced this pattern. Recent emigration of better-educated residentsto Guam, the CNMI, and the U.S., could also have led to declining levels of educational attainment, particularly among<strong>Chuuk</strong> Branch Statistics Office, Division of Statistics, FSM Department of Economic Affairs 69
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LIST OF TEXT TABLESTABLEPageChapter
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LIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPageFigure 1.1
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MAP OF FSMxxiiChuuk Branch Statisti
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CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONThe creation o
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BIBLIOGRAPHYArriaga, E.E., (1983).
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