Chuuk State Census Report - pacificweb.org

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Chapter 1. Introduction2000 FSM Census of Chuuk StateTable 1.7. Population of Chuuk by Region of Registration and Region of Residence (horizontal): 1930Region of RegistrationRegion of Residence Number Total Same locality Same district Other district Other locationTotal 15,200 100.0 89.0 10.4 0.5 0.1Northern Namoneas 2,613 100.0 91.1 8.2 0.8 -Southern Namoneas 3,911 100.0 78.1 20.8 0.6 0.4Faichuk 3,638 100.0 92.6 7.4 0.1 -Mortlocks 3,400 100.0 95.4 4.3 0.3 -Oksoritod 1,638 100.0 90.4 8.1 1.5 0.1Source: Nan'yo-cho 1931; 2000 FSM Census.The distribution of registration for Faichuk and Northern Namoneas was similar to that seen for Oksoritod, but thesituation for Southern Namoneas was quite different. This difference is probably partly attributable to the Japanesebuild up centered around Fefen, capital of Chuuk during the period. About 1 in every 5 persons living in SouthernNamoneas in 1930 was from some place else in Chuuk. This proportion was about twice the proportion for all ofChuuk.When we run the percentages vertically instead of horizontally, a different picture emerges (Table 1.8). In 1930, about1 in 4 persons lived in Southern Namoneas, another 1 in 4 in Faichuk, another 1 in 4 in the Mortlocks, and the rest livesin Northern Namoneas and Oksoritod. The percentage distribution of the 89 percent of the population living in thesame locality was almost identical to the distribution for the whole population -- not too surprising since these peoplemade up the vast majority of persons living in Chuuk at that time. However, if we do look at the 1,575 persons whowere not living in the same locality, but were living in Chuuk, we see a different pattern -- that is, more than half ofthose persons were living in Southern Namoneas, again, probably either forcibly moved by Japanese, or moving oftheir own accord to work or, perhaps, go to school, in the capital of that time. Of the 80 persons registered in otherdistricts, 24 (30 percent) were living in Oksoritod, and 17 of the 19 persons registered in "another" location were livingin Southern Namoneas.Table 1.8. Population of Chuuk by Region of Registration and Region of Residence (vertical): 1930Region of Registration (Percent)Same Same Other OtherRegion of residence Number Total Locality District District LocationTotal 15,200 ... 13,529 1,575 80 19Percent ... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Northern Namoneas 2,613 17.2 17.6 13.6 26.2 -Southern Namoneas 3,911 25.7 22.6 51.7 28.3 89.1Faichuk 3,638 23.9 24.9 17.0 4.0 -Mortlocks 3,400 22.4 24.0 9.3 11.5 5.5Oksoritod 1,638 10.8 10.9 8.4 30.0 5.5Source: Nan'yo-cho 1931; 2000 FSM Census.By 1935, the percentage of elderly had increased slightly, but the percentage distributions remained relativelysimilar to those in 1930 (Table 1.9). The percentage of persons 15 to 24 of all those in Southern Namoneas,however, jumped considerably -- indicating that young people were moving there for schooling, and, perhaps, forwork. The percentage of persons less than 15 remained higher in the Mortlocks than elsewhere, lower in Oksoritodthan elsewhere.Table 1.9. Population of Chuuk by Age Group and Region: 1935Region Number Total 0-14 years 15-24 years 25-59 years 60 years or moreTotal 15,129 100.0 37.8 18.4 41.0 2.8Northern Namoneas 2,413 100.0 36.6 16.9 42.4 4.0Southern Namoneas 4,379 100.0 35.8 22.1 39.7 2.4Faichuk 3,388 100.0 38.4 16.3 42.6 2.7Mortlocks 3,401 100.0 42.2 17.6 37.6 2.6Oksoritod 1,548 100.0 34.1 16.3 46.9 2.7Source: Nan'yo-cho 1937; 2000 FSM Census.As noted before, the number of Chuukese in Chuuk did not change during the Japanese period, somewhat of anindictment of the Japanese Administration since, by this time, sufficient knowledge of health practices was available togreatly reduce what must have been very high mortality rates. During the war the natives of Chuuk were greatlyoutnumbered by Japanese military personnel. By August 1946, however, all Japanese except some 1,300 officers and10 Chuuk Branch Statistics Office, Division of Statistics, FSM Department of Economic Affairs
2000 FSM Census of Chuuk StateChapter 1. Introductionmen had been repatriated to Japan. The only other foreigners in Chuuk were 7 Germans and 7 Spaniards, the Germansbeing Protestant and the Spaniards being Catholic missionaries. At the end of the war there were some 1,500 Japaneseand Okinawans civilians in Chuuk, all of whom were shipped back to their home countries.American AdministrationOnce again the spoils of war, Micronesia passed into the hands of the United States. Early American developmentpolicy for the islands was defined more in reaction to earlier Japanese policy than in any more positive way. AllJapanese nationals, including those who had been married to Chuukese women, were repatriated as soon as possible.Hence, the pool of skilled labor that created the economic miracle in the 1930s was lost forever. The United StatesNavy, which was then administering the islands, further pledged to avoid all "indiscriminate exploitation" of islandresources. There would be economic development projects funded by outside capital. Any economic development thatoccurred was to benefit the local people and be subject to their control. This was to set the pattern for the islandsduring their first two decades under American rule.United Nations trusteeship in 1947 and civilian administration under the Department of the Interior in 1951 hadvirtually no impact on the United States' "go slow" development policy. The Island Trading Company replaced theUnited States Commercial Company, which had been introduced by the Navy in 1946 to supervise economicdevelopment, a year later. This, in turn, spawned local import-export businesses such as the Truk Trading Company.Retail stores multiplied and the production of copra and handicraft was encouraged. Experimental projects in suchthings as cacao, ramie, choir fiber, and poultry were begun, but nearly all proved failures.Although unwilling to impose development programs on the people, the United States showed no such hesitation inpromoting democratic political practices. From the very start the United States attempted to set up democratic forms ofgovernment on every level of island society. In 1948 municipalities were established and elections were held formagistrates. At first the people of most places chose the head of the highest ranking clan on the island; but in time, as itbecame clear that the magistrates would be expected to deal with American government officials, some of the chiefspicked surrogates whom they supported in the elections. Later the magistrates of some islands would carve out aleadership role for themselves that was more independent of the chiefs.Meanwhile, training programs were established for teachers and nurses, with the Pacific Islands Teacher TrainingSchool (PITTS) moving from Guam to Chuuk in 1952. Later the institution evolved into the first full high school(PICS) in the Trust Territory. During the 1950s this school graduated 10 or 15 Chuukese a year, a mere five percent ofthe output of high school graduates during the 1970s. Only a few hundred people had any salary employment duringthese years, most of them in lower level positions in the government.Then, in the early 1960s, during the Kennedy Administration, United States policy was suddenly reversed. A massivebuildup of education and health services was undertaken as the Trust Territory budget doubled in 1964 and escalatedeach year to the end of the decade. New classroom buildings were put up everywhere and American teachers wererecruited to upgrade educational standards. Chuuk acquired its own high school, and several years later five junior highschools. Education enrollments, particularly on the secondary level, increased many times over, and in the early 1970s,with the help of United States Federal assistance, unprecedented numbers of Chuukese began going abroad for college.All the while, new government jobs were created as employment in Chuuk doubled and then doubled once again. Thegovernment was now more than ever the engine that drove the economy. Exports remained at the level of the 1950s,bringing in a few hundred thousand dollars a year while imports skyrocketed throughout the following years.Belatedly during the 1970s the United States administration made attempts to halt the galloping wage-and-consumptiondirection of the economy. A ceiling was put on the annual budget, but supplementary funds in the form of UnitedStates Federal Program grants and Capital Improvement Project funds fostered the same cycle until 1979. The yearbefore, Chuuk elected its first governor and the state became self-governing after nearly a century of colonial rule. Itspolitical status was formalized in 1986 when the Federated States of Micronesia's Compact of Free Association withthe United States was implemented. With Chuuk’s political status finally settled -- at least for the next 15 years -- thestate was free to devote full attention to its main problem: developing a viable economy.Chuuk Branch Statistics Office, Division of Statistics, FSM Department of Economic Affairs 11
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CHAPTER 9ECONOMIC ACTIVITYIntroduct
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CHAPTER 10INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATIONIn
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CHAPTER 11INCOMEIntroductionThe 200
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BIBLIOGRAPHYArriaga, E.E., (1983).
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2000 FSM Census of Chuuk StateBibli
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Basic Tables2000 FSM Census of Chuu
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Questionnaire2000 FSM Census of Chu
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