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Proceeding of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MONASCUS METABOLITESNicoleta Radu 1,3 , Yiannis Kourkoutas 2 Mariana Ferdes 31 U.S.A.M.V. Cluj Napoca, Bioengineering and Biotechnology Department;Corresponding author: Nicoleta Radu, e-mail: nicolbiotec@yahoo.com, phone number:0730. 728.6942 Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis Greece3 Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bioengineering and Biotechnology DepartmentAbstract. Monascal metabolites are widely using as food colorant in Asia, Europe and United States.Bioprocesses, based on solid state or submerged biosynthesis [1-3] are recommended as natural fooddyes, but the safety product is insufficiently solved, due to content of citrinin. Citrinin is a mycotoxinespecially toxic to liver and kidney tissue and is suspected of being a renal carcinogen leading torenal tumors. Used two strains we obtained the biopigments which are characterized by UV-VIS, andHPLC, in order to establish the major compounds in Monascus metabolite and the mycotoxinconcentration in them. The main conclusion of our study is the following: metabolites obtaining insubmerged biosynthesis were a content of mycotoxin less than 3 ppm and is suitable to use as rawmaterial in food industryKeywords: biopigment, food safety, mycotoxin content1. INTRODUCTIONMonascus extracts composition was not standardized; we know only that theseextracts contain monacolins, meviolins, vitamins, polyphenols, azaphylones, gammaaminobutiric acid and ascorbic acid. Certain study performed on metabolites fromMonascus ruber and Monascus purpureus reveal a content of 25 ppm meviolin, 17 unitsOD azaphylones (pigments), 15.6% proteins, 7.1% lipids, 1.3% monacolin K and 8%humidity [1-2]. According to study published in 1996 in Technique and protein ChemistryVII [3], metabolites obtained on solid substrates with Monascus rubidigosus, containglucoamylase and carbohydrate in the following quantities: 43.9 mol mannose/ molglucoamilase, 12.2 mol N-acetylglucosamina /mol glucoamilase and 8 mol galactose/molglucoamilase [1].Regarding the monacolins content, this is a function of strain type. From this pointof view, studies performed on 7 types of Monascus strains revealed a content of MonacolinK between 128-7633 mg/kg [2]. But if we analyse the correlation between Monacolins andcitrinin content, we see that only two strains were qualified for commercial use,respectively those in which the citrinin content is zero (figs.1-2). The content of azaphylonein Monascus metabolites were quantified by UV-VIS measurements, at 370 or 400 nm(yellow pigments), 420 nm (orange pigments) and 500 nm (red pigments) (fig.3). Studiesperformed by Espinoza [2] on metabolites obtaining in submerged media indicate a contentof 2.5 g/L red pigment and 1.43 g/L orange pigment.82
Proceeding of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011Fig. 1. Content of Monacolin K in bioproducts derived from 7 Monascus sp. StrainsFig. 2. Content of citrinin in bioproducts derived from 7 Monascus sp. StrainsFig. 3. Content of azaphilones in bioproducts obtained from Monascus sp. In submerged culturemedia which conyain 5% wheat flour, whitout gluten,at pH =5.6According to studies performed by Yuan, Lin and Wang [2] content of gammaaminobutyric acid (GABBA) is of ten times more great in bioproducts obtained on solid83
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