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Proceeding of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011have the advantage before root feeding with the fact that each plant is provided with theneeded quantity of any given microelement and those microelements are placed directly inthe plant. This is an easy and cheap way of feeding up of plants in the initial stages of theirdevelopment.By treating seeds before sowing one can achieve not only an even feeding up ofplants with microelements but also a reset of vital processes in the germ itself(Lorenz,1980; Agarwala S.C. and colleagues,1995; Hong F.S.and colleagues 1996;).The purpose of this test is to research the influence of pre-sowing treatment ofsorghum seeds with the following microelements – zinc, manganese, boron, magnesium,and copper on the germination and growth of plants in the initial stages of theirdevelopment.2. MATERIAL AND METHODSThis experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Institute – Shumen, wherecontainer tests were set with seeds for grain sorghum, Sadovo species, crop 2010. Seedswere soaked for 24 hours in water solutions with concentration 20mg/l of the followingsubstances: ZnSO 4 , MnSО 4 , H 3 BO 3 , CuSO 4 , MgSO 4 and control – with water, after which50 seeds were planted at the same depth in vegetation containers with soil from theinstitute’s test fields. Soil is carbonate black earth with high humus content and soilreaction from slightly alkaline to alkaline (pH – 7,7-8,1). Reserves of available phosphorusis weak (16,3 – 21,8 P 2 O 5 на 100 gr.), and regarding content of potassium, soil is mediumto well supplied (40,3 – 50,3 K 2 O /100 gr.).Plants have been grown to the 4-5 leaf phase. Germination was reported at the 7 th ,8 th , 9 th and 13 th day from seed sowing.After gathering of test plants the length of their roots and aboveground mass aswell as the weight of dry and fresh biomass were measured.Statistical analysis was made by the border difference method (Zapryanov, 1983).3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONFirst sprouts were registered on the 5 th day after sowing of seeds treated withmagnesium and the control sample. On the 6 th day seeds treated with zinc and boron startedsprouting, and on the 7 th day – seeds treated with manganese and copper.Figure 1 shows the dynamics of germination of seeds soaked in solutions ofdifferent microelements. Results registered on the 8 th day after sowing show that presowingenrichment of grain sorghum seeds with CuSO 4 in concentration 20mg/l has asuppressive effect on germination (16 of 50 sown seeds). The percentage of germinatedseeds was highest in the control sample – from 50 sown seeds we have 43 germinated. Withthe remaining options the number of germinated seeds varies from 34 (treated with ZnSO 4 )and 37 (treated with H 3 BO 3 ). On the 9 th day the germinated seeds in control container andin options fed up with manganese and boron are almost equal (respectively 44, 42, 43germinated seeds) and the rest of the options keep their slower pace of germination.64
Proceeding of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011Fig. 1. The dynamics of germination of seeds soaked in solutions of different microelementsFrom 10 th day until 14 th day the dynamic of plumule growth increases in the optionsoaked in CuSO4 solution, and seeds from options wi th zinc and magnesium germinateslower.During the last count of sprouts (13.06.2011) the highest germination was reportedin seeds treated with MnSO 4 and in the control option, treated with water ( 92% ) followedby H 3 BO 3 option (88%) and CuSO 4 ( 84%).The lowest level of germination was found in seeds treated with MgSO 4 ( 80%) and ZnSO 4(78%).According to Bulgarian Standards requirements the minimum germination level ofpure sorghum seeds should not be lower than 80% and reported results (excluding samplestreated with ZnSo 4 ) meet those requirements.For the creation of a well-seasoned crop it is very important the simultaneousgermination and sprouting of plants. Regarding this issue, microelements manganese andboron receive a positive mark.65
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