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Proceeding of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011REFERENCESKaradjova, Y. Y. 1979. Studies of species Fusarium on cereals. Candidate dissertation. Sofia.1979.Valcheva, A.2006. Study of mycological status of wheat for period 1994-2004. Plant Science.44,35-39.Sofia.Valcheva, A.2006. Study of fungi prevalent in barley. Ecology and future.2,47-50.Sofia.Valcheva,A.2009. Study of lots of wheat, maize and barley, crop 2008. Plant Science.46,511-515.Sofia.Ivanov, M.1980. Myco-picture of cereals – wheat, maize and beans in Bulgaria. Dissertation. Sofia.Peresipkin, V.F.1987.Atlas of diseases on crops.”Harvest”Kiew.15-42.Bateman, GL and H. Kwasna. 1999. Effects of number of winter wheat crops grown successively onfungal communities on wheat roots. Applied Soil Ecology , 13: 271-282. Booth, C.1971.Chong, LM and JE Sheridan. 1982 . Mycoflora of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seed in NewZealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany , 20: 187-189. Dawson, WAJM and GL Bateman. Доусън,WAJM и GL Бейтман.Glazek, М. 1997. Mycoflora of winter wheat seeds harvested from flooded commercial fields inSouth-Western Poland in 1997. Plant Protection Institute in Poznaniu, Sosnicowice Branch,GliwickaSt. 29:44-153 Sosnicowice, Poland.Kubiak K. and M. Korbas.1999. Occurrence of fungal diseases on selected winter wheatcultivars.Postepy w Ochronie Roslin 39 (2), 801-804 [in Polish].Knauer,N.,1993.Okologik and Landwirtschaft – Situation,Konflikte,Losungen.Engen.Ulmer Verlag.Spedding,C.R.W.1988.An introduction to Agrocultural systems.Elsevier Applied Science.London andNew York.Conference for Biological farming.2007.Study of opportunities to develop the chain of bio-products inBulgaria and identification of approaches for short-term presentation of bio-products on the internalmarket.40
Proceeding of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011EFFECT OF DIRECT ELECTRIC CURRENTON VIRUS ELIMINATION IN GRAPEVINEIONELA CĂTĂLINA GUŢĂ 1 , ELENA-COCUŢA BUCIUMEANU 1 ,BENEDICT OPRESCU 2 , LAVINIA TĂTARU 21 National Research & Development Institute for Biotechnology in Horticulture, 37 Bucureşti-Piteşti Road, 117715- Ştefăneşti-Argeş, România, Tel./Fax.: 0248-866214, E-mail: gutaionelacatalina@yahoo.com2 University of Piteşti, Faculty of Science, 1 Târgu din Vale, 110040 - Piteşti, România, Tel.: 0348-453100, Fax.:0348-453123Abstract. The meristem culture and thermotherapy are individually or in combination the mostfrequent methods of obtaining virus-free plants. The application of heat treatment for viruseliminationin plants is time and energy consuming and needs special equipments (chambers for heattreatment). In the case of the meristem culture, the percent of virus elimination is influenced by thegenotype, the type of the virus and especially of the difficulty of meristem excision (the percent ofvirus elimination is inverse proportion to the explants dimensions).The use of electrotherapy with discontinuous electric current followed by in vitro culture wasinvestigated as alternative technique to eliminate grapevine viruses, in simple or mixed infections at atime, in seven Vitis vinifera L. varieties naturally infected. The study had in view the most dangerousviruses of this crop: fanleaf virus (GFLV), arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), leafroll associated virus 1(GLRaV-1), leafroll associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), and fleck virus (GFkV). Direct electric current of1000 and 10 000 kHz was applied for 10 min at the cut ends of one budded herbaceous cuttings.Treated axillary buds were grown on M&S basic medium containing growth regulators. The efficacyof virus elimination process was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testingof regenerated acclimated grapevine plants. The analysis showed some encouraging results forelongated viruses GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 in single infections and no virus eradication in mixedinfections had been obtained. The electrotherapy of GLRaV-1- infected material produced maximum12.5% virus-free plants at 1000 kHz and 4.5% GLRaV-3-free vines at 10 000 kHz for 10 min ofexposure. The result regarding GLRaV-1 elimination was not reproducible in the case of mixedinfection containing it. No satisfactory results have been achieved for isometric viruses eradication(GFLV, GFkV) either in simple or mixed infections.Keywords: Vitis, virus, eradication, electrotherapy, discontinuos electric current1. INTRODUCTIONThe International Council for the Study of Virus and Virus-like Diseases of theGrapevine (ICVG), recognizes over 70 infectious agents affecting grapevine (viruses,viroids and mycoplasmas). Many of them cause disorders that reduce the plant vigour andlongevity or the quality and quantity of the yield. Infected propagating material is largelyresponsible for the spread of these diseases among and within viticultural regions. Thus, allefforts should be made to improve its sanitary conditions and to protect selected healthyclones from new infections.The presence of fanleaf virus (GFLV), arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), leafrollassociated virus 1 (GLRaV-1), leafroll associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), and fleck virus(GFkV in simple and mixed infections can cause severe damages to infected grapevine41
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