New Researches in Biotechnology - Facultatea de Biotehnologii ...

Proceeding of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011Soil treatment – three soil treatment systems are included in Table 1, the newsolutions being: system 1 – line loosening at a depth of 15-18cm when row crops aregrown; the second system compares options with simultaneous plowing and harrow tillage,as well as sowing and rolling, with such, where these operations are conductedindependently.№ Crops yearTable 1. Soil treatment systemsTreatment systemsО 1 О 2 О 31. TriticaleWheat2008-2009 Loosening12-15cmPlowing15-18 cmDisk plowing10-12 cm2. CorianderCorn2009-2010 Plowing28-30 cmPlowing28-30 cmLoosening28-30 cm3. Wheat 2010-2011 Disk plowing10-12 cmDisk plowing10-12 cmDisk plowing10-12 cm4. BeansRape2011-2012 Loosening20-25 cmPlowing20-25 cmLoosening20-25 cmFertilization – non-fertilized options Т0 and agro chemically tested for fertilizationrate soil samples have been compared. At an equal rate of fertilization the following optionswere tested: Т1/ fertilization with ammonium nitrate, superphosphate and potassiumsulphate; Т2/ fertilization with ammonium nitrate, foliar fertilizer with 30% nitrogen, 1/5 ofthe quantity needed for feeding up, amophos and potassium sulphate. The potassiumfertilizer is introduced during the first crop rotation in the first year for wheat and duringthe second in the second year for corn.Weed control – includes options with integrated control, using different chemicalsubstances.The soil of the testing area is leached vertisol, a typical representative of the heavykind – physical clay content 78-80% and il content 62%. Soil is medium humus 3.5,characterized by high bufferity and plasticity. Despite of that, signs of overdensification ofthe under-plowing layer are present.3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSSoil fertility is identified with the conditions of nutrition of crops. Some physicalfactors which affect the development of the root system also play an important role.Solutions in soil treatment mainly affect the structural condition, the water supply, thevolumetric density and the firmness of the soil.The structural analysis of the soil shows that mostly in dry sieving the aggregatesare of a size > 1 mm. The structural aggregates are waterproof but with a very firmcomposition. With depth increase, the fraction of the smallest aggregates decreases in dryas well as wet sieving. After water saturation about a third of the aggregates sized > 1mmare left in the 30-40 cm layer.The content of soil moisture is a main physical parameter, which defines thedynamics of processes taking place in the soil, the living conditions for beneficial27