234Proceed<strong>in</strong>g of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011In or<strong>de</strong>r to control the rate of cheese ripen<strong>in</strong>g and the growth dynamics ofmesophilic non-starter lactic acid bacteria, some researchers have suggested<strong>de</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g of ripen<strong>in</strong>g temperature. Decreased ripen<strong>in</strong>g temperature slows downthe growth rate of mesophilic non-starter lactic acid bacteria, but it is impossible toliberate cheese from their presence. Also this study reveals that the concentrationof non–starter lactic acid bacteria differs between cheeses ripened at 6 and12 ° C at least by 1 log. Higher concentrations were found <strong>in</strong> cheeses ripened at12 ° C. These f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs should be tak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to account, because the temperature atripen<strong>in</strong>g is subord<strong>in</strong>ated to the rate of biochemical processes <strong>in</strong> manufacture of aparticular cheese variety. Any change has a significant impact on the wholecomplex of the sensory properties of cheese.4. CONCLUSIONS1. I<strong>de</strong>ntified Lactobacillus spp. well-adapted to variable parameters of cheeseripen<strong>in</strong>g, and their population and growth rate are <strong>de</strong>pendant on diversity ofsubstrate <strong>in</strong> cheeses.2. The prevalence species of non-starter lactic acid bacteria <strong>in</strong> cheeses variesdur<strong>in</strong>g ripen<strong>in</strong>g and at the end of ripen<strong>in</strong>g were represented by one species ofLactobacillus genus, more often L.curvatus, L.paracasei subsp.paracasei or L.plantarum.3. Diversity of lactic acid bacteria species <strong>in</strong> Krievijas and Holan<strong>de</strong>s cheeses<strong>de</strong>pends on selected ripen<strong>in</strong>g temperature and time. Representatives ofLactobacillus genus and its colony form<strong>in</strong>g units differs between same varietycheeses manufactured at different plants.4. The close correlation was <strong>de</strong>term<strong>in</strong>ed between changes of pH and a w <strong>in</strong>analyzed Krievijas and Holan<strong>de</strong>s cheeses. This <strong>in</strong>dicates <strong>in</strong>tensity ofbiochemical and microbiological processes dur<strong>in</strong>g ripen<strong>in</strong>g.REFERENCES1. Arhné, S., Mol<strong>in</strong>, G., Stahl, S. (1989) Plasmids <strong>in</strong> Lactobacillus stra<strong>in</strong>s isolated from meat andmeat products, Systematic and Applied Microbiology, Vol.11, 1989, p.320–325.2. Aston, J.W., Giles, J.E., Durward, T.G, Dulley, J.R. (1985) Effect of elevated ripen<strong>in</strong>gtemperatures on proteolysis and flavour <strong>de</strong>velopment <strong>in</strong> Cheddar cheese. Journal of DairyResearch, Vol.52, 1985, p.565–572.3. Chamba, J.F. (2000) Emmental cheese: a complex microbial ecosystem. Consequences onselection and use of starters. Sciences <strong>de</strong>s Aliments, Vol.20, 2000, p.37–54.4. Coeuret, V., Dubernet, S., Bernardieau, M., Gueguen, M., Vernoux, J.P. (2003) Isolation,characterization and i<strong>de</strong>ntification of lactobacilli focus<strong>in</strong>g ma<strong>in</strong>ly on cheeses and other dairyproducts. Lait, Vol.83, 2003, p.269–306.5. Coppola, R., Nanni, M., Iorizzo, M., Sorrent<strong>in</strong>o, A., Sorrent<strong>in</strong>o, E., Grazia, L. (1997) Survey oflactic acid bacteria dur<strong>in</strong>g the advanced stages of the ripen<strong>in</strong>g of Parmigiano Reggano cheese.Journal of Dairy Research, Vol.64, 1997, p.305–310.
Proceed<strong>in</strong>g of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 20116. Fenelon, M., Ryan, M.P., Rea, M., Gu<strong>in</strong>ee, T.P., Ross, R.P., Hill, C., Harr<strong>in</strong>gton, D. (1999)Elevated temperature ripen<strong>in</strong>g of reduced fat Cheddar ma<strong>de</strong> with or without Lactic<strong>in</strong> 3147–produc<strong>in</strong>g starter culture. Journal of Dairy Science, Vol.82, 1999, p.10–22.7. Fitzsimons, N.A., Cogan, T.M., Condon, S., Beresford, T (2001) Spatial and temporal distributionof non–starter lactic bacteria <strong>in</strong> Cheddar cheese. Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol.90, 2001,p.600–608.8. Fitzsimons, N.A., Cogan, T.M., Condon, S., Beresford, T. (1999) Phenotypic and genotypiccharacterization of non–starter lactic bacteria <strong>in</strong> mature Cheddar cheese. Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology, Vol.65, 1999, p.3418–3426.9. Folkertsma, B., Fox, P.F., McSweeney, P.L.H. (1996) Accelerated ripen<strong>in</strong>g of Cheddar cheese atelevated temperatures. International Dairy Journal. Vol.6, 1996, p.1117–1134.10. Fox, P.F., Gu<strong>in</strong>ee, T.P., Cogan, T.M., McSweeney P.L.H. (2000) Fundamentals of CheeseScience. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen, 2000, p.587.11. Muyanja, C., Narvhus, J. A., Treimo, J., Langsrud, T. (2003) Isolation, characterisation andi<strong>de</strong>ntification of lactic acid bacteria from bushera: a Ugandan traditional fermented beverage.International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol.80, 2003, p.201–210.12. Shakel–Ur–Rehman, Banksm, J.M., McSweeney, P.L.H., Fox, P.F. (2000) Effect of ripen<strong>in</strong>gtemperature on the growth and significance of non–starter lactic acid bacteria <strong>in</strong> Cheddar cheesema<strong>de</strong> from raw or pasteurised milk. International Dairy Journal. Vol.10, 2000, p.45–53.13. Temmerman, R., Huys, G., Sw<strong>in</strong>gs, J. (2004) I<strong>de</strong>ntification of lactic acid bacteria culture–<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt and culture–<strong>in</strong><strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt methods. Trends <strong>in</strong> Food Science and Technology, Vol.15,2004, p.348–359.14. Tynkkynen, S., Satokari, R., Saarela, M., Mattila–Sandholm, T., Saxel<strong>in</strong>, M. (1999) Comparisonof ribotyp<strong>in</strong>g, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and pulsed–field gelelectrophoresis <strong>in</strong> typ<strong>in</strong>g of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. casei stra<strong>in</strong>s. AppliedEnvironmental Microbiology, Vol.65, 1999, p.3908–3914.15. Williams, A.G., Choi, S.C., Banks, J.M. (2002) Variability of the species and stra<strong>in</strong> phenotypecomposition of the non–starter lactic acid bacterial population of Cheddar cheese manufactured<strong>in</strong> a commercial creamery. Food Research International, Vol.35, 2002, p.483–493.16. Williams, A.G., Banks, J.M. (1997) Proteolytic and other hydrolytic activities <strong>in</strong> non–starterlactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) isolated from Cheddar cheese manufactured <strong>in</strong> the UnitedK<strong>in</strong>gdom. International Dairy Journal, Vol.7, 1997, p.763–774.235
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