Proceed<strong>in</strong>g of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011The medium composition variant, where there were both - the replacement of NH 4 NO 3 asanorganic nitrogen source with the same concentration of - NH 4 H 2 PO 4 and thesupplementation with alan<strong>in</strong>e (0.1%), threon<strong>in</strong>e (0.2%), and oleic acid (0.1%) – representsthe optimum composition studied so far for torularhod<strong>in</strong> formation.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The work was f<strong>in</strong>ancially supported by the projectPOSDRU/89/1.5/S/52432 from 1.04.2010 - Institutional organization of a postdoctoralschool of national <strong>in</strong>terest "Applied biotechnology with impact <strong>in</strong> the Romanianeconomy"; the project was cofun<strong>de</strong>d by the EU Social Fund <strong>in</strong> the framework of theSectorial Operational Programme 2007-2013 for Human Resources Development.REFERENCESBhosale P., Gadre, R.V. (2001): Production of b-carotene by a mutant of. Rhodotorula glut<strong>in</strong>is,Lett Appl Microbiol, vol. 33, 12-16Libk<strong>in</strong>d, D., Van Broock, M., (2006): Biomass and carotenoid pigment production by Patagoniannative yeasts, World J Microbiol Biotechnol, vol. 22, 687–692Dema<strong>in</strong>, A.L., Phaff, H.J., Kurtzman, C. P. (1998): In The Yeasts. A Taxonomic Study 4edn, 13–19Davoli, P., Milran, V., Weber, R.W.S. (2004): Appl. Biochem. Microbiol., vol. 40, 4: 392Simova, E., Frengova, G., Beshkova, D. (1998: Z. Naturforsch., vol. 58 C, 225-229Razavi, H., Marc, I. (2006): Effect of temperature and pH on the growth k<strong>in</strong>etics and carotenoidproduction by Sporobolomyces ruberrimus H110, us<strong>in</strong>g technical glycerol as carbon source,Iran J of Chem. Eng., vol. 25, 3:59-64Ungureanu, C., Fer<strong>de</strong>s, M., Chirvase, A.A., Mocanu, E. (2011): Method for torularhod<strong>in</strong>separation and analysis <strong>in</strong> the yeast Rhodotorula rubra aerobically cultivated <strong>in</strong> labbioreactor, Chemical Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Transactions, vol. 24, 943-948Fer<strong>de</strong>ş, M., Ungureanu C., Mihalcea, A., Chirvase A. A., Mocanu, E. (2011): The <strong>in</strong>fluence of thecarbon source on torularhod<strong>in</strong> pigment biosynthesis, Rev. Chim., vol. 62, 3:339-343Peterson, W. J., Bell, T.A., Etchells, J.L., Smart, W.W.G. (1954): J. Bacteriol., vol. 67, 708-713Bhosale, P.B. (2001), PhD <strong>in</strong> Microbiology Thesis, India, 20Frengova, G., Beshkova, D. (2009): Carotenoids from Rhodotorula and Phaffia – yeasts ofbiotechnological importance, Journal of Industrial Microbiology & <strong>Biotechnology</strong>, vol. 36, 2:163-168104
Proceed<strong>in</strong>g of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN OPTIMIZATION OFREFRIGERATION PROCESS1, 2, 3Faculty of <strong>Biotechnology</strong>, U.S.A.M.V., BucharestMioara Varga 1 , Mira Turtoi 2 , Mihaela Ghidurus 3Abstract. In recent <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>s there is a cont<strong>in</strong>u<strong>in</strong>g concern <strong>in</strong> the food <strong>in</strong>dustry for optimization ofrefrigeration process. Improvement of conservation technologies of perishable food products has asprimary objective the comb<strong>in</strong>ation of capabilities extend<strong>in</strong>g the validity of the product with keepphysical, chemical, nutritional and sensory properties. The mathematical mo<strong>de</strong>l<strong>in</strong>g is a fundamentalsolution to which appeals most often to optimize a random process, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the refrigeration.In the first part of this paper we present the ma<strong>in</strong> theoretical elements that characterize theoptimization process us<strong>in</strong>g certa<strong>in</strong> mathematical mo<strong>de</strong>ls. Then, we apply the theoretical conceptspreviously presented to optimize two refrigeration processes.Keywords: mathematical mo<strong>de</strong>l, stochastic optimization, evolutionary method1. INTRODUCTIONIt is known that refrigeration has a key role <strong>in</strong> food safety; at present there areseveral technologies that apply conservation of perishable food products (radiation, dry<strong>in</strong>g,cur<strong>in</strong>g, high-pressure process<strong>in</strong>g and conservation). With these techniques is <strong>in</strong>ten<strong>de</strong>dprimarily to extend the comb<strong>in</strong>ed capacity of validity of the product, while ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g thephysical, chemical, nutritional and sensory qualities, the objective be<strong>in</strong>g pursued <strong>in</strong> thesame way by both consumers and manufacturers of refrigeration systems.An important consequence of the wi<strong>de</strong>spread use of refrigeration systems is toensure better nutrition worldwi<strong>de</strong> both <strong>in</strong> terms of quantity and quality of perishable food.In terms of quality, it should be emphasized that chill<strong>in</strong>g leads to reduce damage to vitalfood of animal and vegetable nature (which can accommodate different pathogens) andhence the <strong>de</strong>cl<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> bacterial growth.The above are some arguments that justify the importance accor<strong>de</strong>d to refrigerationprocesses. Permanent concern of researchers for optimiz<strong>in</strong>g food refrigeration processes isso logical, although until now small steps have been taken <strong>in</strong> this direction. Tradition,certa<strong>in</strong> regulations <strong>in</strong> the field, the criteria by which food or processes are structured as anoptimization problem (choice of objective function and non-quantitative <strong>de</strong>f<strong>in</strong>ition ofvariables subject to large errors), contributed to the <strong>de</strong>velopment of <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> this directionof the food <strong>in</strong>dustry.In recent years there have been several studies to mo<strong>de</strong>l<strong>in</strong>g food processes thatenable some products that were <strong>in</strong>tangible qualities such as taste, ten<strong>de</strong>rness, color, safetyand other quality factors to be quantifiable and predictable.Data process<strong>in</strong>g techniques have evolved through improved observation,experiments gave errors and time consum<strong>in</strong>g, and mathematical mo<strong>de</strong>l<strong>in</strong>g has become themethod most often used for optimization of refrigeration processes.105