petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to grant ... - Election Law Blog
petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to grant ... - Election Law Blog petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to grant ... - Election Law Blog
65aAppendix Dmechanisms that enhance vote dilution, such as staggeredelections, a majority vote requirement, and numberedplaces (Senate factor 3). Also, the Hispanic population ofIrving has a lower socioeconomic status and lower politicalparticipation rate than the non-Hispanic, white majority(Senate Factor 5). The Court finds that these four Senatefactors are present in Irving and weigh heavily againstthe ability of Hispanics to elect candidates of their ownchoosing; accordingly, the totality of the circumstancesindicates that Defendants’ method of electing the mayorand members of its City Council violates Section 2 of theVoting Rights Act.V. CONCLUSIONFor the reasons articulated above, the Court holdsthat Plaintiff has proven, beyond a preponderance of theevidence, that Defendants are currently in violation ofSection 2 of the Voting Rights Act.IT IS SO ORDERED.
66aAPPENDIX E — RELEVANT Appendix ECONSTITUTIONALPROVISIONUnited States Code Annotated CurrentnessConstitution of the United StatesAnnotatedAmendment XIV. Citizenship; Privilegesand Immunities; Due Process; Equal Protection;Apportionment of Representation; Disqualification ofOfficers; Public Debt; Enforcement (Refs & Annos)AMENDMENT XIV. CITIZENSHIP;PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES; DUE PROCESSEQUAL PROTECTION; APPOINTMENT OFREPRESENTATION; DISQUALIFICATION OFOFFICERS; PUBLIC DEBT; ENFORCEMENTSection 1. All persons born or naturalized in theUnited States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof,are citizens of the United States and of the State whereinthey reside. No State shall make or enforce any law whichshall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens ofthe United States; nor shall any State deprive any personof life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equalprotection of the laws.Section 2. Representatives shall be apportionedamong the several States according to their respectivenumbers, counting the whole number of persons in each
- Page 63 and 64: 14aAppendix DIrving’s at-large el
- Page 65 and 66: 16aAppendix Dother things, the at-l
- Page 67 and 68: 18aAppendix DThornburg v. Gingles,
- Page 69 and 70: 20aAppendix Dfailed to establish a
- Page 71 and 72: 22aAppendix Dcomplying with the Gin
- Page 73 and 74: 24aAppendix Done-hundred percent co
- Page 75 and 76: 26aAppendix Dhis opinion that would
- Page 77 and 78: 28aAppendix Dto estimate the 2008 H
- Page 79 and 80: 30aAppendix Dvotes of Hispanics hav
- Page 81 and 82: 32aAppendix Daverage household size
- Page 83 and 84: 34aAppendix DDr. Rives attempts to
- Page 85 and 86: 36aAppendix Dwith sampling error ac
- Page 87 and 88: 38aAppendix DIn his expert report,
- Page 89 and 90: 40aAppendix DAs Dr. Rives pointed o
- Page 91 and 92: 42aAppendix DC. Gingles II & III-Ra
- Page 93 and 94: 44aAppendix Dthis methodology canno
- Page 95 and 96: 46aAppendix Dthat the confidence th
- Page 97 and 98: 48aAppendix Dto Dr. Alford’s hypo
- Page 99 and 100: 50aAppendix DD. Totality of the Cir
- Page 101 and 102: 52aAppendix DThe Court concludes th
- Page 103 and 104: 54aAppendix DNotably, James Dickens
- Page 105 and 106: 56aAppendix D1231, 1245-46, 173 L.E
- Page 107 and 108: 58aAppendix D2. Proof of Changed De
- Page 109 and 110: 60aAppendix DPlaintiff has not empl
- Page 111 and 112: 62aAppendix Dthe way in which the v
- Page 113: 64aAppendix Dthe requirement that t
- Page 117: 68aAppendix Eof insurrection or reb
66aAPPENDIX E — RELEVANT Appendix ECONSTITUTIONALPROVISIONUnited States Code Annotated CurrentnessConstitution of <strong>the</strong> United StatesAnnotatedAmendment XIV. Citizenship; Privilegesand Immunities; Due Process; Equal Protection;Apportionment of Representation; Disqualification ofOfficers; Public Debt; Enforcement (Refs & Annos)AMENDMENT XIV. CITIZENSHIP;PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES; DUE PROCESSEQUAL PROTECTION; APPOINTMENT OFREPRESENTATION; DISQUALIFICATION OFOFFICERS; PUBLIC DEBT; ENFORCEMENTSection 1. All persons born or naturalized in <strong>the</strong>United States, and subject <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jurisdiction <strong>the</strong>reof,are citizens of <strong>the</strong> United States and of <strong>the</strong> State wherein<strong>the</strong>y reside. No State shall make or enforce any law whichshall abridge <strong>the</strong> privileges or immunities of citizens of<strong>the</strong> United States; nor shall any State deprive any personof life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;nor deny <strong>to</strong> any person within its jurisdiction <strong>the</strong> equalprotection of <strong>the</strong> laws.Section 2. Representatives shall be apportionedamong <strong>the</strong> several States according <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir respectivenumbers, counting <strong>the</strong> whole number of persons in each
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