petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to grant ... - Election Law Blog
petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to grant ... - Election Law Blog petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to grant ... - Election Law Blog
65aAppendix Dmechanisms that enhance vote dilution, such as staggeredelections, a majority vote requirement, and numberedplaces (Senate factor 3). Also, the Hispanic population ofIrving has a lower socioeconomic status and lower politicalparticipation rate than the non-Hispanic, white majority(Senate Factor 5). The Court finds that these four Senatefactors are present in Irving and weigh heavily againstthe ability of Hispanics to elect candidates of their ownchoosing; accordingly, the totality of the circumstancesindicates that Defendants’ method of electing the mayorand members of its City Council violates Section 2 of theVoting Rights Act.V. CONCLUSIONFor the reasons articulated above, the Court holdsthat Plaintiff has proven, beyond a preponderance of theevidence, that Defendants are currently in violation ofSection 2 of the Voting Rights Act.IT IS SO ORDERED.
66aAPPENDIX E — RELEVANT Appendix ECONSTITUTIONALPROVISIONUnited States Code Annotated CurrentnessConstitution of the United StatesAnnotatedAmendment XIV. Citizenship; Privilegesand Immunities; Due Process; Equal Protection;Apportionment of Representation; Disqualification ofOfficers; Public Debt; Enforcement (Refs & Annos)AMENDMENT XIV. CITIZENSHIP;PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES; DUE PROCESSEQUAL PROTECTION; APPOINTMENT OFREPRESENTATION; DISQUALIFICATION OFOFFICERS; PUBLIC DEBT; ENFORCEMENTSection 1. All persons born or naturalized in theUnited States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof,are citizens of the United States and of the State whereinthey reside. No State shall make or enforce any law whichshall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens ofthe United States; nor shall any State deprive any personof life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equalprotection of the laws.Section 2. Representatives shall be apportionedamong the several States according to their respectivenumbers, counting the whole number of persons in each
- Page 63 and 64: 14aAppendix DIrving’s at-large el
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- Page 83 and 84: 34aAppendix DDr. Rives attempts to
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65aAppendix Dmechanisms that enhance vote dilution, such as staggeredelections, a majority vote requirement, and numberedplaces (Senate fac<strong>to</strong>r 3). Also, <strong>the</strong> Hispanic population ofIrving has a lower socioeconomic status and lower politicalparticipation rate than <strong>the</strong> non-Hispanic, white majority(Senate Fac<strong>to</strong>r 5). The <strong>Court</strong> finds that <strong>the</strong>se four Senatefac<strong>to</strong>rs are present in Irving and weigh heavily against<strong>the</strong> ability of Hispanics <strong>to</strong> elect candidates of <strong>the</strong>ir ownchoosing; accordingly, <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tality of <strong>the</strong> circumstancesindicates that Defendants’ method of electing <strong>the</strong> mayorand members of its City Council violates Section 2 of <strong>the</strong>Voting Rights Act.V. CONCLUSIONFor <strong>the</strong> reasons articulated above, <strong>the</strong> <strong>Court</strong> holdsthat Plaintiff has proven, beyond a preponderance of <strong>the</strong>evidence, that Defendants are currently in violation ofSection 2 of <strong>the</strong> Voting Rights Act.IT IS SO ORDERED.