Evaluation and Repair of Wrought Iron and - Purdue e-Pubs ...
Evaluation and Repair of Wrought Iron and - Purdue e-Pubs ... Evaluation and Repair of Wrought Iron and - Purdue e-Pubs ...
xiiiFigurePageFigure 5.12 Typical Turnbuckle found in and Existing Wrought Iron Bridge (Penn.Railroad, Selinsgrove Bridge, Spanning Susquehanna River, Snyder County, PA -Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record)..... 134Figure 5.13 Bent and Damaged Members from the Bell Ford Bridge........................... 135Figure 5.14 Heating and Straightening Damaged Members of the Bell Ford Bridge .... 135Appendix FigurePageFigure C.1 Diagrams Showing Location for Extraction of Specimen Machined fromEyebars.................................................................................................................... 196Figure C.2 Indentations from Hardness Testing on Wrought Iron Samples from the BellFord Bridge. ............................................................................................................ 197Figure C.3 Heating of Eyebar from Bell Ford Bridge Prior to Straightening................. 198Figure C.4 Wrought Iron Plate from the Bell Ford bridge being Heated to the “Red Hot”State......................................................................................................................... 198Figure C.5 Pyrometer Used to Determine Temperature of “Red Hot” Wrought Iron... 199Figure C.6 Rotary Grinder used to form Double V Butt Joint in Welded Specimens... 199Figure C.7 Double V Butt Joint used in Welded Specimens.......................................... 200Figure C.8 Weld Joint Utilized in Testing After Initial Root Pass ................................. 200Figure C.9 Back-grinding of Initial Root Pass before Second Weld Pass is Placed ...... 201Figure C.10 Finished Weld of Testing Specimen before Surface Grinding.................. 201Figure C. 11 Welded Tensile Coupon Test Specimen before Testing............................ 202Figure C.12 Tensile Coupon Test Specimen from Adams Mill bridge before Testing. 202Figure C.13 Grips of the 220-kip MTS Four-pole Servo-Hydraulic Testing Machine .. 203Figure C.14 Controller and Function Generator of the 220-kip MTS Four-pole Servo-Hydraulic Testing Machine Along With the Data Acquisition Center (Scanners andComputer) ............................................................................................................... 203Figure C.15 Tensile Coupon from Bell Ford Bridge in Grips of MTS Testing Machinebefore Testing ......................................................................................................... 204
xivAppendix FigurePageFigure C.16 Tensile Coupon from Adams Mill Bridge in Grips of MTS Testing Machinebefore Testing ......................................................................................................... 204Figure C.17 SATEC Impact Testing Machine Along with Cooling Bath Used in CharpyImpact Testing ........................................................................................................ 205Figure C.18 Charpy Impact Specimens Suspended in Cooling Container Before Water,Ice, Dry Ice, and/or Alcohol is Added. ................................................................... 205Figure C.19 Cooling Bath with Suspended Charpy Impact Specimens after Water and Iceis Added .................................................................................................................. 206Figure C.20 Eyebar End Connection after Strain Gages were Attached ....................... 206Figure C.21 Photograph of Attachment Utilized in Testing Eyebar End Connections inthe 220-kip MTS Servo-Hydraulic Testing Machine ............................................. 207Figure C.22 View of Eyebar End Connection Pined with Pin Inserted through the TestingAttachment.............................................................................................................. 207Figure C.23 Side View of Eyebar End Connection, Pin, and Test Attachment ............. 208Figure C. 24 Shank of Eyebar End Connection Placed in Bottom Grip of MTS Machinewith Extensometer and Strain Gages in Place ........................................................ 208Figure C.25 Chisel Hammer to Remove Surface Slag of Filler Weld in Eyebar EndConnection Repair .................................................................................................. 209Figure C.26 Eyebar End Connection A after Half of Filler Weld Repair Completed.... 209Figure C.27 Eyebar End Connection B after Half of Filler Weld Repair Completed ... 210Figure C.28 Eyebar End Connection A after Filler Weld Repair and Surface GrindingCompleted ............................................................................................................... 210Figure C.29 Eyebar End Connection B After Being Placed in MTS Testing Machine. 211Figure D.1 Weld Joint Detail Used During Testing ....................................................... 216Figure D.2 Weld Joint After Initial Root Pass................................................................ 216Figure D.3 Surface Impurities or Scale on Surface of Weld ......................................... 217Figure D.4 Back Grinding of the Root Weld................................................................. 217Figure D.5 Completed Weld Before Surface Grinding .................................................. 218Figure D.6 Weld Passes and Procedure Summary for Each Test Specimen ................. 219
- Page 1 and 2: Purdue UniversityPurdue e-PubsJTRP
- Page 3: 1. Report No. 2. Government Accessi
- Page 6 and 7: epairing a bent wrought iron tensio
- Page 8 and 9: vPageCHAPTER 3TEST PROCEDURES FOR M
- Page 10 and 11: ixLIST OF FIGURESFigurePageFigure 1
- Page 12 and 13: xiFigurePageFigure 3.30 Top View of
- Page 16 and 17: xvAppendix FigurePageFigure D.7 Ini
- Page 18 and 19: viiiAppendix TablePageTable A.5 Det
- Page 20 and 21: iiiThe authors would also like to t
- Page 22 and 23: 2but also what material properties
- Page 24 and 25: 4microstructure of the metal. The c
- Page 26 and 27: 62. LITERATURE SEARCHBefore experim
- Page 28 and 29: 8imperfections, the performance of
- Page 30 and 31: 10wrought iron. Adding the slag aft
- Page 32 and 33: 12method for manufacturing wrought
- Page 34 and 35: 14patents for their process and tra
- Page 36 and 37: 16This method of testing of structu
- Page 38 and 39: 18plot of this percent elongation d
- Page 40 and 41: 20significant variation in the perc
- Page 42 and 43: 22The practice of restoring histori
- Page 44 and 45: 24Elleby, Wallace W. Sanders, F. Wa
- Page 46 and 47: 26From all the surveys that were di
- Page 48 and 49: 28Table 2.1 Average Ultimate Streng
- Page 50 and 51: 30Figure 2.3 Wrought Iron “Sponge
- Page 52 and 53: 32Histogram of Kirkaldy Wrought Iro
- Page 54 and 55: 34Percent Occurance in Range - %45.
- Page 56 and 57: 3660Combined Wrought Iron BarsTensi
- Page 58 and 59: 38The Bell Ford Bridge consisted of
- Page 60 and 61: 40Two. These samples were taken fro
- Page 62 and 63: 42specimens were of constant cross
xivAppendix FigurePageFigure C.16 Tensile Coupon from Adams Mill Bridge in Grips <strong>of</strong> MTS Testing Machinebefore Testing ......................................................................................................... 204Figure C.17 SATEC Impact Testing Machine Along with Cooling Bath Used in CharpyImpact Testing ........................................................................................................ 205Figure C.18 Charpy Impact Specimens Suspended in Cooling Container Before Water,Ice, Dry Ice, <strong>and</strong>/or Alcohol is Added. ................................................................... 205Figure C.19 Cooling Bath with Suspended Charpy Impact Specimens after Water <strong>and</strong> Iceis Added .................................................................................................................. 206Figure C.20 Eyebar End Connection after Strain Gages were Attached ....................... 206Figure C.21 Photograph <strong>of</strong> Attachment Utilized in Testing Eyebar End Connections inthe 220-kip MTS Servo-Hydraulic Testing Machine ............................................. 207Figure C.22 View <strong>of</strong> Eyebar End Connection Pined with Pin Inserted through the TestingAttachment.............................................................................................................. 207Figure C.23 Side View <strong>of</strong> Eyebar End Connection, Pin, <strong>and</strong> Test Attachment ............. 208Figure C. 24 Shank <strong>of</strong> Eyebar End Connection Placed in Bottom Grip <strong>of</strong> MTS Machinewith Extensometer <strong>and</strong> Strain Gages in Place ........................................................ 208Figure C.25 Chisel Hammer to Remove Surface Slag <strong>of</strong> Filler Weld in Eyebar EndConnection <strong>Repair</strong> .................................................................................................. 209Figure C.26 Eyebar End Connection A after Half <strong>of</strong> Filler Weld <strong>Repair</strong> Completed.... 209Figure C.27 Eyebar End Connection B after Half <strong>of</strong> Filler Weld <strong>Repair</strong> Completed ... 210Figure C.28 Eyebar End Connection A after Filler Weld <strong>Repair</strong> <strong>and</strong> Surface GrindingCompleted ............................................................................................................... 210Figure C.29 Eyebar End Connection B After Being Placed in MTS Testing Machine. 211Figure D.1 Weld Joint Detail Used During Testing ....................................................... 216Figure D.2 Weld Joint After Initial Root Pass................................................................ 216Figure D.3 Surface Impurities or Scale on Surface <strong>of</strong> Weld ......................................... 217Figure D.4 Back Grinding <strong>of</strong> the Root Weld................................................................. 217Figure D.5 Completed Weld Before Surface Grinding .................................................. 218Figure D.6 Weld Passes <strong>and</strong> Procedure Summary for Each Test Specimen ................. 219
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