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96Table 4.3 Tensile Coupon Test Results for Round BarsCouponIDAvg.AreaTensileLoadModulusofElasticity(in 2 ) (lbs) (ksi)YieldStrength(psi)(.002offset)TensileStrength(psi)PercentElong.(%)8"GaugeLengthStrainHarden.Exp.StrengthCoeff.(ksi)A4 0.197 10,600 28,061 32,000 53,000 21.05 0.19 86.23B1 0.196 9,600 29,008 29,000 49,000 32.4 0.23 83.37B2 0.197 9,400 27,289 28,000 48,000 31.07 0.22 83.92B3 0.197 9,300 27,443 28,000 47,500 29.1 0.25 88.43B4 0.196 8,400 29,259 24,900 42,500 25.2 0.27 83.38B5 0.197 9,100 28,512 26,000 45,500 24.83 0.24 83.72B6 0.199 9,000 27,756 26,000 45,000 33.7 0.25 84.84C1 0.196 9,300 28,535 28,000 46,000 26.37 0.24 85.82C4 0.195 9,100 28,500 27,500 46,500 20.42 0.25 86.83D1 0.196 8,600 26,860 29,000 44,000 28.77 0.24 79.79D2 0.196 9,000 28,279 26,000 45,250 24.53 0.25 85.57D3 0.194 9,100 27,650 26,500 46,000 28.96 0.25 85.56D4 0.196 9,200 27,730 29,000 46,500 24.56 0.23 85.08D5 0.197 9,700 27,745 30,000 49,000 16.05 0.20 82.07D6 0.196 8,900 28,350 30,000 50,000 13.7 0.20 78.27D7 0.195 9,000 27,960 27,500 45,300 30.93 0.23 80.19Average 0.196 9,206 27,995 27,963 46,816 25.73 0.23 83.94StandardDeviation 0.001 495579 1,791 2,471 5.52 0.02 2.65
97Table 4.4 Average and Standard Deviation of Tensile Coupon Test ResultsEyebarsModulusofElasticity(ksi)YieldStrength(psi)(.002offset)TensileStrengthPercentElongationStrainHardening(psi) (%) ExponentStrengthCoeff.(ksi)Average 27,700 31,600 47,200 11.7 0.19 81RoundsSt. Dev. 500 1,280 3,380 4.5 0.02 6.70% of Avg. 1.8% 4.1% 7.2% 38.6% 11.7% 8.3%Average 28,000 28,000 46,800 25.7 0.23 84All TestsSt. Dev. 620 1,790 2,470 5.5 0.02 2.65% of Avg. 2.2% 6.4% 5.3% 21.5% 8.5% 3.2%Average 27,900 29,900 47,000 18.1 0.21 82St. Dev. 590 2,410 3,050 8.7 0.03 5.55% of Avg. 2.1% 8.1% 6.5% 48.1% 14.6% 6.8%HeatStraightenedAverage 28,057 32,125 49,625 12.9 0.20 85St. Dev. 542 629 2,016 8.8 0.09 45.95% of Avg. 1.9% 2.0% 4.1% 68.5% 45.3% 54.1%Mech.StraightenedAverage 26,731 31,000 37,500 3.1 0.13 65WeldedAverage 27,806 30,500 47,100 8.4 0.19 83HistoricSt. Dev. 140 866 2,702 1.3 0.01 3.17% of Avg. 0.5% 2.8% 5.7% 15.2% 5.2% 3.8%Average NA 33,300 54,000 23.2 NA NASt. Dev. 2,990 9,000 7.6% of Avg. 9.0% 16.7% 32.9%
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Purdue UniversityPurdue e-PubsJTRP
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1. Report No. 2. Government Accessi
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epairing a bent wrought iron tensio
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vPageCHAPTER 3TEST PROCEDURES FOR M
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFigurePageFigure 1
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xiFigurePageFigure 3.30 Top View of
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xiiiFigurePageFigure 5.12 Typical T
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xvAppendix FigurePageFigure D.7 Ini
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viiiAppendix TablePageTable A.5 Det
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iiiThe authors would also like to t
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2but also what material properties
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4microstructure of the metal. The c
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62. LITERATURE SEARCHBefore experim
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8imperfections, the performance of
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10wrought iron. Adding the slag aft
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12method for manufacturing wrought
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14patents for their process and tra
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16This method of testing of structu
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18plot of this percent elongation d
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20significant variation in the perc
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22The practice of restoring histori
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24Elleby, Wallace W. Sanders, F. Wa
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26From all the surveys that were di
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28Table 2.1 Average Ultimate Streng
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30Figure 2.3 Wrought Iron “Sponge
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32Histogram of Kirkaldy Wrought Iro
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34Percent Occurance in Range - %45.
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3660Combined Wrought Iron BarsTensi
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38The Bell Ford Bridge consisted of
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40Two. These samples were taken fro
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42specimens were of constant cross
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44Along with rectangular tensile co
Page 66 and 67: 46After the initial test loading wa
Page 68 and 69: 483.6 Fatigue TestingTo develop a b
Page 70 and 71: 50The final specimen category consi
Page 72 and 73: 52This analysis was completed using
Page 74 and 75: 54After the initial test was comple
Page 76 and 77: 56completed, but before the surface
Page 78 and 79: 58readings, load cell readings and
Page 80 and 81: 60Figure 3.3 Donated Eyebars 4 and
Page 82 and 83: 62Figure 3.7 Heated Areas in Blue o
Page 84 and 85: 64Figure 3.11 Detail Used in Groove
Page 86 and 87: 66900080007000y = 27.153xR 2 = 0.99
Page 88 and 89: 68Figure 3.19 Charpy Impact Testing
Page 90 and 91: 70Figure 3.23 Eyebar Connection in
Page 92 and 93: 72Figure 3.27 Eyebar A After Filler
Page 94 and 95: 74Figure 3.31 Side View of Finished
Page 96 and 97: 76Figure 3.35 Front View of Eyebar
Page 98 and 99: 78strength from the existence of pe
Page 100 and 101: 80The carbon content present in the
Page 102 and 103: 82value may not be very accurate bu
Page 104 and 105: 84strengths was found to be 29,940
Page 106 and 107: 86wrought iron bars were investigat
Page 108 and 109: 88stresses are induced. These perma
Page 110 and 111: 90toughness the material. The test
Page 112 and 113: 92From the finite element analysis,
Page 114 and 115: 94Table 4.1 Chemical Analysis of Ey
Page 118 and 119: 98Table 4.5 Charpy Impact Test Resu
Page 120 and 121: 100Table 4.7 Comparison of Strain G
Page 122 and 123: 102Figure 4.1 Typical Micrograph of
Page 124 and 125: 104Figure 4.5 Fracture Surface of D
Page 126 and 127: 106Comparison of Tensile Strengthfo
Page 128 and 129: 108Combined Wrought Iron Bar Histor
Page 130 and 131: 110Figure 4.17 Macrograph of Weld u
Page 132 and 133: 112Figure 4.21 Cleavage Fracture of
Page 134 and 135: Figure 4.25 Elongation of Hole in E
Page 136 and 137: 116signs on or near the bridge that
Page 138 and 139: 118testing of historic wrought iron
Page 140 and 141: 120so that they would act in symmet
Page 142 and 143: 122The reasons for the differences
Page 144 and 145: 124The second corrosion pattern mod
Page 146 and 147: 126Keating (1984) stated that the s
Page 148 and 149: 128charcoal fire until it is red ho
Page 150 and 151: 130Figure 5.3 Picture of Bottom Cho
Page 152 and 153: 132Figure 5.7 Using Force After Usi
Page 154 and 155: 134Figure 5.11 Reassembling a Pin C
Page 156 and 157: 1366. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND IMPL
Page 158 and 159: 138rectangular in shape. These eyeb
Page 160 and 161: 140were joined together with a full
Page 162 and 163: 1424. The Charpy impact energy of t
Page 164 and 165: 144connections are unsymmetrical, i
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146LIST OF REFERENCESAASHTO (1998).
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148Hodgkinson, Eaton (1840). Experi
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150Appendix A. Data Collected From
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152Table A.1 Wrought Iron Bar Tensi
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154Table A.1 (continued) Wrought Ir
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156Table A.2 (continued) Wrought Ir
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158Table A.3 Wrought Iron Angle Ten
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160Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
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162Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
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164Table A.5 (continued) Detailed I
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184Table A.7 Tensile Strength Data
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186Table B.1 Example Historic Wroug
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188DepartmentofTransportationIf you
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190CountyIf your organizationdoes m
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192County 16: County bridge inspect
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194State 13: Included in original d
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196Figure C.1 Diagrams Showing Loca
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198Figure C.3 Heating of Eyebar fro
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200Figure C.7 Double V Butt Joint u
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202Figure C. 11 Welded Tensile Coup
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204Figure C.15 Tensile Coupon from
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206Figure C.19 Cooling Bath with Su
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208Figure C.23 Side View of Eyebar
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210Figure C.27 Eyebar End Connectio
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212Appendix D. Welding Procedure fo
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214D.2 Filler Weld for Eyebar Conne
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216Figure D.1 Weld Joint Detail Use
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Figure D.5 Completed Weld Before Su
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220Figure D.7 Initial Pass Pattern
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