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Section 6Water, wetlands and coastsWetlands are a vital habitat for many species of plants and animals as well as providinglife support systems for many other habitats.Wetlands habitats such as rivers, lakes, bogsor peatlands, fen and mires cover about 9.9% of Europe.They have an extremelyimportant role in water regulation including flood prevention.They are also importantfor carbon storage, the maintenance of human food sources and they provide a linkbetween ecosystems allowing the migration and survival of many species. All wetlandhabitats are vulnerable to pressure from human land uses.Wetland habitats have long been underrated economically and their extent has beenreduced dramatically in Europe by drainage to create ‘more productive’ land, suitable forforestry and agriculture.The largest threats to wetlands come from damagingagricultural practices, pollution, and water management systems.Threatened wetland habitatsPeatlands are key habitats for plant conservation and are highly threatened in Europe. InWestern Europe many countries have destroyed up to 90% of their peatlands. Protectingthe diverse areas of peatlands in central and eastern Europe is essential in maintainingEurope’s plant diversity. Peatlands are threatened not only by drainage and pollution butalso by peat extraction for the horticultural industry.The Danube river and its tributaries flows through 16 countries and encompasses avariety of habitats from the remnants of flood plain forest near Bratislava to the manychannels and lakes of the Danube Delta. Protection from damaging transportdevelopments, water management systems and pollution requires a high level ofinternational cooperation.Europe’s coastlines are also valuable habitats for plants and algae, from coastal dunes, toshore and drift plants, to the diverse seaweeds of the coastal zone.These habitats arevulnerable to developments such as tourist resorts and pollution.The site of Kassari Bayin Estonia is the only existing site for a rare drifting red algae community (Furcellarialumbricalis – Coccotylus truncatus). It is not currently protected.IPAs, wetlands and coastsMire, bog and fen249 IPAs (31%) contain mire, bog and fen habitats.224 IPAs (28%) contain threatened mire, bog and fen habitats from the EU HabitatsDirective, and 105 IPAs (13%) contain priority mire, bog and fen habitats.Inland surface water: rivers and lakes240 IPAs (30%) contain inland surface water habitats.197 IPAs (25%) contain threatened inland water habitats from the EU HabitatsDirective, and 4 IPAs (
Habitats and land usesBRANO MONLARThreats to wetland IPAs171 IPAs (21%) are threatened by drainage, extraction, canalisation or watermanagement systems.122 IPAs (15%) are threatened by eutrophication (nutrient enrichment).71 IPAs (9%) are threatened by aquaculture and fisheries.54 IPAs (7%) are threatened by the construction or the impact of dykes, dams orbarrages.31 IPAs (4%) are threatened by peat extraction.Protecting wetlands and coastsThere are several international treaties and protection systems designed to conserveEurope’s wetlands.The RAMSAR convention obliges governments to identify and protectwetland sites.The EU Natura 2000 network and the EU Water Framework Directive canbe used to protect precious wetland sites.A detailed global framework and guidelinesfor action on the wise use of peatlands has now been developed (GGAP). The HelsinkiConvention and the Barcelona Convention aim to protect marine and coastal areas ofthe Baltic and Mediterranean respectively.ReferencesBragg, O & Lindsay, R. (Eds) 2003, Strategyand Action Plan for Mire and PeatlandConservation in Central Europe.WetlandsInternational,Wageningen,TheNetherlandsDuckworth, J., Davis, R. & Costley, J., 2002,Junk Food for Plants: How nutrient pollution isthreatening the UK’s wild flora. PlantlifeEuropean Environment Agency, 2003,Europe’s Environment: the third assessment.EEA CopenhagenThe Barcelona Convention(www.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l28084.htm)The Helsinki Convention (www.helcom.fi/helcom/convention.html)The Ramsar Convention & Ramsar sitedatabase (www.ramsar.org)Yellow iris in the Danube flood plainforest.83
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IMPORTANTPLANT AREAS INCENTRAL ANDE
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AcknowledgementsAcademy of Sciences
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ContentsBRANO MOLNARContentsExecuti
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Executive SummaryExecutive SummaryT
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Executive SummaryRecommendations:IP
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IntroductionMONICA SARBUDANKA PETRO
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IntroductionTransparency is one of
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IntroductionDANA TURONOVAThreats to
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MethodologyBRANO MOLNARBRANO MOLNAR
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MethodologyLichensThere were 34 lic
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MethodologyIPA site selection crite
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IPA databaseThe online IPA database
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Summary of IPA data149 threatened s
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Summary of IPA dataIPAs and Key Bio
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Summary of IPA dataDamaging forestr
Page 31 and 32: Summary of IPA dataIPAs and land us
Page 33 and 34: Summary of IPA dataNumber of IPAs w
Page 35 and 36: BelarusMethodology summaryCriteria
Page 37 and 38: BelarusOLEG MASLOVSKYRecommendation
Page 39 and 40: Czech RepublicCriteria listsCriteri
Page 41 and 42: Czech RepublicQualifying criteria f
Page 43 and 44: EstoniaEstoniaBy Mart Külvik, Anne
Page 45 and 46: EstoniaApart from nature conservati
Page 47 and 48: PolandPolandBy Zbigniew MirekPoland
Page 49 and 50: PolandHabitats and land usesNo. ofI
Page 51 and 52: RomaniaRomaniaBy Anca SârbuRomania
Page 53 and 54: RomaniaHabitats and land use:No. of
Page 55 and 56: RomaniaANCA SARBUReferences:Jalas,
Page 57 and 58: RussiaJONATHAN RUDGEOngoing workBel
Page 59 and 60: SlovakiaMethodology summaryCriteria
Page 61 and 62: SlovakiaOf the 154 IPAs in Slovakia
Page 63 and 64: SloveniaSloveniaBy Nejc JoganSloven
Page 65 and 66: SloveniaQualifying criteria for IPA
Page 67 and 68: IPAs in South East EuropeIPAs in so
Page 69 and 70: BulgariaPETKO TSVETKOVCriteria and
Page 71 and 72: CroatiaTONI NIKOLICCriteria and met
Page 73 and 74: MacedoniaCriteria and methodologyCr
Page 75 and 76: Serbia and MontenegroDANKA PETROVI
Page 77 and 78: Serbia and MontenegroCurrent IPA st
Page 79 and 80: IPA Projects in other countriesANDR
Page 81: Habitats and land usesANCA SARBU ˘
Page 85 and 86: Habitats and land usesIPAs and fore
Page 87 and 88: Habitats and land usesSustainable p
Page 89 and 90: Existing legislation & programmesIP
Page 103 and 104: ContactsContactsPlantlife Internati
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