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Section 2MethodologyDefinition and general principlesAn IPA is a natural or semi-natural site exhibiting exceptional botanical richness and/orsupporting an outstanding assemblage of rare, threatened and/or endemic plant speciesand/or vegetation of high botanic value.Criterion A:Criterion B:Criterion C:Threatened SpeciesBotanical RichnessThreatened HabitatsIPA Criteria were developed and refined through extensive consultation over severalyears and references are given at the end of this section.The IPA Site Selection Manual forEurope gives more detail on identifying sites.Criteria sources, categories and thresholds for Europe used in this project are presentedin the table below.Criterion A: threatened speciesFor the seven partner countries 518 taxa were included in the Criterion A list ofthreatened species. 403 of those were vascular plants, 54 were bryophytes, 34 werelichens, and 27 were fungi.Ai Global Threat 42 taxaAi/Aii Global & European Threat 32 taxaAii European (Regional Threat) 196 taxaAiii National Endemic (Threatened) 109 taxaAiv Near Endemic/Limited Range (Threatened) 137 taxaAccepted Sources for EuropeFor Ai, global threat, the following sources were used: the IUCN Global Red List 1997and 2002; the World List of Threatened Trees 1998; the Global Red List for Bryophytes2001. For Aii, European Threat, the following sources were used: the EU HabitatsDirective Annexes IIb and IVb; the Bern Convention Appendix 1; the European Red Listof Bryophytes 1995; the European Red List of Macro-lichens 1989. The 33 threatenedfungi species prepared by the European Committee for the Conservation of Fungi(ECCF) were also used in this project under Aii. National red lists were used forassessing the threat status of Aiii, national endemics, and Aiv, near endemic/limited rangespecies.One of the main challenges for this criterion is to identify priority threatened specieswhich are not endemic or limited range, but are relatively widespread geographically anddeclining everywhere.A new IUCN European Red List would help to identify thesetypes of species. National IUCN Red Lists in those countries which do not currentlyhave them, and European Red Lists for lichens, fungi and algae would also help toprioritise conservation target species.16
MethodologyBRANO MOLNARBRANO MOLNARCrocus heuffelianus (left) and Iris pumilaEndemics, near endemic/limited range speciesFor the purposes of this project, an ‘endemic species’ is defined as a species that occursin only one country, and a ‘near endemic’ or ‘limited range species’ is defined as a‘species which occur in limited numbers in no more than 3 countries’.There are 246 Criterion Aiii and Aiv species (threatened endemics and nearendemic/limited range species) in the 7 partner countries, which are not currentlyrecognised on any global or regional Red Lists or European species protectionlegislation.Criterion B: botanical richnessThis methodology for applying this criterion was based on a comparison of speciesrichness within standard units of habitat classification. For this project, EUNIS level 2habitats, were used as the unit of comparison. For example E5 ‘Dry Grasslands’ werecompared for species richness, and D1 ‘Raised & Blanket Bogs’ were compared forspecies richness. Each country defined the indicator species to use for comparisons ofrichness. Indicators species could include all characteristic species for that habitat, orcould be targeted towards threatened, rare or endemic species, or could focus onparticular taxonomic groups, such as mosses, lichens, fungi or algae. Details of thenational indicator lists can be found in the seven national publications. Detaileddiscussion on the application of this criterion in Europe can be found in the technicalreport of national and the regional workshops held between 2001 and 2004.Criterion C: threatened habitatsThere were 194 threatened habitats in the Criterion C lists for the seven partnercountries. The list of threatened habitats was taken from the EU Habitats DirectiveAnnex I, and the Bern Convention Resolution 4 list of habitats. The criterion was splitinto two categories Ci and Cii, where Ci are ‘priority threatened habitats’ as defined inthe EU Habitats Directive.There were 42 Ci (priority threatened habitats) and 152 Cii(threatened habitats)17
Page 1 and 2: IMPORTANTPLANT AREAS INCENTRAL ANDE
Page 3 and 4: AcknowledgementsAcademy of Sciences
Page 5 and 6: ContentsBRANO MOLNARContentsExecuti
Page 7 and 8: Executive SummaryExecutive SummaryT
Page 9 and 10: Executive SummaryRecommendations:IP
Page 11 and 12: IntroductionMONICA SARBUDANKA PETRO
Page 13 and 14: IntroductionTransparency is one of
Page 15: IntroductionDANA TURONOVAThreats to
Page 19 and 20: MethodologyLichensThere were 34 lic
Page 21 and 22: MethodologyIPA site selection crite
Page 23 and 24: IPA databaseThe online IPA database
Page 25 and 26: Summary of IPA data149 threatened s
Page 27 and 28: Summary of IPA dataIPAs and Key Bio
Page 29 and 30: Summary of IPA dataDamaging forestr
Page 31 and 32: Summary of IPA dataIPAs and land us
Page 33 and 34: Summary of IPA dataNumber of IPAs w
Page 35 and 36: BelarusMethodology summaryCriteria
Page 37 and 38: BelarusOLEG MASLOVSKYRecommendation
Page 39 and 40: Czech RepublicCriteria listsCriteri
Page 41 and 42: Czech RepublicQualifying criteria f
Page 43 and 44: EstoniaEstoniaBy Mart Külvik, Anne
Page 45 and 46: EstoniaApart from nature conservati
Page 47 and 48: PolandPolandBy Zbigniew MirekPoland
Page 49 and 50: PolandHabitats and land usesNo. ofI
Page 51 and 52: RomaniaRomaniaBy Anca SârbuRomania
Page 53 and 54: RomaniaHabitats and land use:No. of
Page 55 and 56: RomaniaANCA SARBUReferences:Jalas,
Page 57 and 58: RussiaJONATHAN RUDGEOngoing workBel
Page 59 and 60: SlovakiaMethodology summaryCriteria
Page 61 and 62: SlovakiaOf the 154 IPAs in Slovakia
Page 63 and 64: SloveniaSloveniaBy Nejc JoganSloven
Page 65 and 66: SloveniaQualifying criteria for IPA
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IPAs in South East EuropeIPAs in so
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BulgariaPETKO TSVETKOVCriteria and
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CroatiaTONI NIKOLICCriteria and met
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MacedoniaCriteria and methodologyCr
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Serbia and MontenegroDANKA PETROVI
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Serbia and MontenegroCurrent IPA st
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IPA Projects in other countriesANDR
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Habitats and land usesANCA SARBU ˘
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Habitats and land usesBRANO MONLART
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Habitats and land usesIPAs and fore
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Habitats and land usesSustainable p
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Existing legislation & programmesIP
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ContactsContactsPlantlife Internati
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