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Television, the Internet, and identity 401Schiller, H. (1992) Mass Communication and American Empire. Boulder, CO:Westview Press.Schlesinger, P. (1991) Media, State and Nation: Political Violence and CollectiveIdentities. London: Sage.—— (1993) “Wishful Thinking: Cultural Politics, Media, and Collective Identities inEurope,” Journal of Communication 43: 6–17.Slevin, J. (2000) The Internet and Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.Smith, A. (1980) The Geopolitics of Information: How Western Culture Dominates theWorld. London, Faber.—— (1991) National Identity. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Thompson, J. B. (1995) The Media and the Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media.Cambridge: Polity Press.
18. Globalization, identity, and televisionnetworks: community mediation andglobal responses in multiculturalIndiaAnshu ChatterjeeThe widespread adoption of reform in the media sector has permitted thedevelopment of global communication networks that are organized aroundcultural communities. These networks encompass community enterprisesoperating at a global level in addition to transnational enterprises whose use oflocal culture and resources extends beyond expected operations in a secondarymarket. Several public enterprises also continue to operate in this media space,targeting national communities residing both within and outside their nationalterritories to deliver messages shaped by their national objectives. The aggregationof these various enterprises operating at different levels provides animpression of localization, which, as several observers indicate, constitutes acrucial element of the post-industrial processes (Giddens, 1990; see also Hall,1997).What causes the commercially oriented transnational enterprises to functionin this manner, especially in locations where commercial television iscomparatively underdeveloped? The answer to this is of considerable significanceto communication theories of cultural and economic domination thatpoint to problems associated with the dissemination of externally developedprogramming to less-developed countries. The consequences, these theoriesindicate, include the delivery of out-of-context messages that impress uponcommunity culture and local aspirations as well as bringing extraneous agendasinto the public sphere reserved for domestic discussions (Herman andMcChesney, 1997: 3).A comparative study of the expansion of commercial television amongdifferent language communities in India illustrates the contextualizedoutcomes of widespread restructuring of the media space. Here we examinethe reorganizing of competitive structures in a developing country with ahistory of state-controlled television. The rapid appearance of several communityenterprises prompted unexpected strategies among transnational media402
- Page 371 and 372: 350 Jeffrey S. Juriscollectives aga
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- Page 407 and 408: 386 Imma Tubellacultural and sociol
- Page 409 and 410: 388 Imma Tubellaand through symboli
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- Page 421: 400 Imma TubellaFerguson, M. (1995)
- Page 425 and 426: 404 Anshu ChatterjeeIndian entrepre
- Page 427 and 428: 406 Anshu ChatterjeeThese enterpris
- Page 429 and 430: 408 Anshu Chatterjeerestricted area
- Page 431 and 432: 410 Anshu Chatterjeepenetration rat
- Page 433 and 434: 412 Anshu Chatterjeeproduced instit
- Page 435 and 436: 414 Anshu ChatterjeePunjabi TV face
- Page 437 and 438: 416 Anshu Chatterjeedecisions. The
- Page 439 and 440: 418 Anshu ChatterjeeNOTES1. For mor
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- Page 449 and 450: 428 Pekka Himanenhype in which the
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- Page 455 and 456: 434 Rosalind Williamsdoes it mean t
- Page 457 and 458: 436 Rosalind Williamsindustrial soc
- Page 459 and 460: 438 Rosalind Williamsgovernance str
- Page 461 and 462: 440 Rosalind Williamsspeech deliver
- Page 463 and 464: 442 Rosalind Williamsincarnates as
- Page 465 and 466: 444 Rosalind Williamsexponentially
- Page 467 and 468: 446 Rosalind Williamsmultiplicity o
- Page 469 and 470: 448 Rosalind WilliamsArendt, Hannah
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18. Globalization, identity, and televisionnetworks: community mediation andglobal responses in multiculturalIndiaAnshu ChatterjeeThe widespread adoption of reform in the media sector has permitted thedevelopment of global communication networks that are organized aroundcultural communities. These networks encompass community enterprisesoperating at a global level in addition to transnational enterprises whose use oflocal culture and resources extends beyond expected operations in a secondarymarket. Several public enterprises also continue to operate in this media space,tar<strong>ge</strong>ting national communities residing both within and outside their nationalterritories to deliver messa<strong>ge</strong>s shaped by their national objectives. The aggregationof these various enterprises operating at different levels provides animpression of localization, which, as several observers indicate, constitutes acrucial element of the post-industrial processes (Giddens, 1990; see also Hall,1997).What causes the commercially oriented transnational enterprises to functionin this manner, especially in locations where commercial television iscomparatively underdeveloped? The answer to this is of considerable significanceto communication theories of cultural and economic domination thatpoint to problems associated with the dissemination of externally developedprogramming to less-developed countries. The consequences, these theoriesindicate, include the delivery of out-of-context messa<strong>ge</strong>s that impress uponcommunity culture and local aspirations as well as bringing extraneous a<strong>ge</strong>ndasinto the public sphere reserved for domestic discussions (Herman andMcChesney, 1997: 3).A comparative study of the expansion of commercial television amongdifferent langua<strong>ge</strong> communities in India illustrates the contextualizedoutcomes of widespread restructuring of the media space. Here we examinethe reorganizing of competitive structures in a developing country with ahistory of state-controlled television. The rapid appearance of several communityenterprises prompted unexpected strategies among transnational media402