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Television, the Internet, and identity 393terrestrial stations, TV3 and Canal 33, two satellite channels, TVCSat andTVC International, a twenty-four hour news channel, 3/24, and a terrestrialdigital television service. This variety of channels offers a choice of programmingfor both general and specific audience segments. TVC was the firstnetwork in Spain to establish a site on the Internet. 4 The number of TVCprograms on the Internet has grown rapidly, with the medium taking its placeas part of the network’s communication philosophy and strategy.The Catalan Radio and Broadcasting Corporation set up TVC Multimediain 1998 with the aim of commercially exploiting production in the informationtechnology field. As part of this strategy, TVC set up a production centercalled SAM for audiovisual meteorology services. SAM’s multimedia outputemploys sophisticated production methods and cutting-edge technology. Itproduces thematic channels for other TV stations, interactive services andapplications for digital channels, and production services for the Internet.From the beginning, TVC has contributed significantly to the developmentof the Catalan audiovisual industry, encouraging production, creativity, andnew talent, centered, up until now, around Spanish television. TVC’s twoterrestrial channels broadcast 300 hours a week of high-quality programs inCatalan, covering all genres and areas of interest. TV3 is a general interestchannel with top ratings in most genres: news, in-house fiction, entertainmentwith variety and creative humor, sporting events such as FC Barcelona, professionalsoccer league play-offs, and the Olympic Games. It devotes 1,600 hoursof broadcasting a year to sport. The ranking of the most widely viewedprograms in the Spanish state is usually headed by American films or by football.In Catalonia, the Spanish-speaking population follows TV3 football,broadcast usually in Catalan.Canal 33, the second channel, is both an alternative and a complement toTV3, and offers more culturally oriented and innovative programs. During thedaytime it covers children’s programming with the name of K3. Half a millionchildren in Catalonia under the age of 16 belong to Club Super 3. Thisprogram, on the air since 1991, is much more than just a standard children’sprogram. It has more members than any other club in Catalonia. On theprogram and via Super 3 publications and its Internet website, Club membersare kept abreast of recreational and cultural activities available to them and areoften invited to attend free of charge. The majority of members are fromCatalonia but there are members in other Catalan-speaking areas, such as theBalearic Islands, the autonomous community of Valencia, French Catalonia,and Alguero, a Catalan-speaking city in Sardinia.Catalan Television is located on a 15-acre site close to Barcelona. Itspremises comprise five buildings with eight studios with a total of 2,600 m 2 offloor space; thirty-four post-production video suites, including two digitalsuites and seven non-linear digital editing suites; eight audio post-production
394 Imma Tubellarooms, including five digital rooms; three sound studios and seventeen voiceoverrecording cabins; thirty-five ENG/EFP units; two mobile microwavelinks and a third one equipped with a satellite uplink dish (SNC); eight fullyequipped outside broadcast vans, one capable of producing in 16 x 9 format;a large number of microwave links with more than twenty reception and transmissiondishes, including a 6-m steering dish and a growing number of fibreopticconnections; a meteorological radar system as a result of an agreementbetween the Catalan Government and the University of Barcelona; twentybeauty shot cameras throughout Catalonia, and several regional facilitieslocated in different parts of the country.Within a few years Catalan viewers identified with TVC. They see it as“their” television. Both channels have a larger viewing audience than anyother in Catalonia, with between 25 and 30 percent of total audience share. Itsdaily news programs have maintained their lead day after day from the veryfirst days of broadcasting. News programs represent the backbone of thestation’s programming and provide a reference point for the viewers, a matterof loyalty. On the other hand, news bulletins not only contribute to an audience’sstructured perception of the world, but they contribute decisively to theconstitution of communication spaces, which give a public presence to collectiveidentities.In a recent research project, Project Internet Catalonia (PIC), 5 carried out atthe Open University of Catalonia (UOC), we found that, even by understandingthe concept of communication practice in the widest possible sense,frequencies showed us that the most common daily communication practice inCatalonia is watching television (90.8 percent), followed by talking to peopleat home, playing with children, or similar (80.8 percent). Watching televisionis the most common communication practice even if it has suffered the mostfrom the use of the Internet: 16.6 percent of people watch television less sincethey have gone online, and of this 16.6 percent, 61.7 percent are under the ageof 30.To construct the variable of communication practices we used newsprograms as a reference point because we considered that they represented anapproximation of people’s loyalty to the channel. Television is still the referencecommunication medium for keeping people informed, but people do nottrust it. People trust the radio more. The Internet, in spite of the possibilitiesfor contrast that it contains, or the possibility of receiving information in realtime, is only used as a source of regular information by 1 percent of the populationand only for international events.The meaningful finding is that almost 50 percent (47.6 percent) of Catalanswatch TV news in Catalan, which means, fundamentally, TV3, but also Canal33, BTV (the local television of Barcelona), City TV (a local private channel),some other local channels and some programs on the Spanish second channel,
- Page 363 and 364: 342 Jeffrey S. JurisFollowing Fredr
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- Page 369 and 370: 348 Jeffrey S. JurisZapatistas were
- Page 371 and 372: 350 Jeffrey S. Juriscollectives aga
- Page 373 and 374: 352 Jeffrey S. JurisVisibly impassi
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- Page 379 and 380: 358 Jeffrey S. JurisNOTES1. Moving
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- Page 385 and 386: 364 Araba Sey and Manuel CastellsIn
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- Page 404: PART VIIThe culture of the network
- Page 407 and 408: 386 Imma Tubellacultural and sociol
- Page 409 and 410: 388 Imma Tubellaand through symboli
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- Page 417 and 418: 396 Imma Tubellaunderstand the choi
- Page 419 and 420: 398 Imma Tubellainteraction which i
- Page 421 and 422: 400 Imma TubellaFerguson, M. (1995)
- Page 423 and 424: 18. Globalization, identity, and te
- Page 425 and 426: 404 Anshu ChatterjeeIndian entrepre
- Page 427 and 428: 406 Anshu ChatterjeeThese enterpris
- Page 429 and 430: 408 Anshu Chatterjeerestricted area
- Page 431 and 432: 410 Anshu Chatterjeepenetration rat
- Page 433 and 434: 412 Anshu Chatterjeeproduced instit
- Page 435 and 436: 414 Anshu ChatterjeePunjabi TV face
- Page 437 and 438: 416 Anshu Chatterjeedecisions. The
- Page 439 and 440: 418 Anshu ChatterjeeNOTES1. For mor
- Page 441 and 442: 19. The hacker ethic as the culture
- Page 443 and 444: 422 Pekka Himanenthe informational
- Page 445 and 446: 424 Pekka Himanenone of the founder
- Page 447 and 448: 426 Pekka Himanena work culture in
- Page 449 and 450: 428 Pekka Himanenhype in which the
- Page 451 and 452: 430 Pekka HimanenWithout renewing t
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- Page 455 and 456: 434 Rosalind Williamsdoes it mean t
- Page 457 and 458: 436 Rosalind Williamsindustrial soc
- Page 459 and 460: 438 Rosalind Williamsgovernance str
- Page 461 and 462: 440 Rosalind Williamsspeech deliver
- Page 463 and 464: 442 Rosalind Williamsincarnates as
Television, the Internet, and identity 393terrestrial stations, TV3 and Canal 33, two satellite channels, TVCSat andTVC International, a twenty-four hour news channel, 3/24, and a terrestrialdigital television service. This variety of channels offers a choice of programmingfor both <strong>ge</strong>neral and specific audience segments. TVC was the firstnetwork in Spain to establish a site on the Internet. 4 The number of TVCprograms on the Internet has grown rapidly, with the medium taking its placeas part of the network’s communication philosophy and strategy.The Catalan Radio and Broadcasting Corporation set up TVC Multimediain 1998 with the aim of commercially exploiting production in the informationtechnology field. As part of this strategy, TVC set up a production centercalled SAM for audiovisual meteorology services. SAM’s multimedia outputemploys sophisticated production methods and cutting-ed<strong>ge</strong> technology. Itproduces thematic channels for other TV stations, interactive services andapplications for digital channels, and production services for the Internet.From the beginning, TVC has contributed significantly to the developmentof the Catalan audiovisual industry, encouraging production, creativity, andnew talent, centered, up until now, around Spanish television. TVC’s twoterrestrial channels broadcast 300 hours a week of high-quality programs inCatalan, covering all <strong>ge</strong>nres and areas of interest. TV3 is a <strong>ge</strong>neral interestchannel with top ratings in most <strong>ge</strong>nres: news, in-house fiction, entertainmentwith variety and creative humor, sporting events such as FC Barcelona, professionalsoccer league play-offs, and the Olympic Games. It devotes 1,600 hoursof broadcasting a year to sport. The ranking of the most widely viewedprograms in the Spanish state is usually headed by American films or by football.In Catalonia, the Spanish-speaking population follows TV3 football,broadcast usually in Catalan.Canal 33, the second channel, is both an alternative and a complement toTV3, and offers more culturally oriented and innovative programs. During thedaytime it covers children’s programming with the name of K3. Half a millionchildren in Catalonia under the a<strong>ge</strong> of 16 belong to Club Super 3. Thisprogram, on the air since 1991, is much more than just a standard children’sprogram. It has more members than any other club in Catalonia. On theprogram and via Super 3 publications and its Internet website, Club membersare kept abreast of recreational and cultural activities available to them and areoften invited to attend free of char<strong>ge</strong>. The majority of members are fromCatalonia but there are members in other Catalan-speaking areas, such as theBalearic Islands, the autonomous community of Valencia, French Catalonia,and Alguero, a Catalan-speaking city in Sardinia.Catalan Television is located on a 15-acre site close to Barcelona. Itspremises comprise five buildings with eight studios with a total of 2,600 m 2 offloor space; thirty-four post-production video suites, including two digitalsuites and seven non-linear digital editing suites; eight audio post-production