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258 Wayne E. Baker and Kenneth M. ColemanAfrican Americans are not significantly less likely than others to use acomputer; similarly, race does not predict the number of computers used athome or the frequency of computer use, after controlling for the effects ofhousehold income, education, and other factors. African Americans are significantlyless likely to use the Internet, compared to non-blacks, but the effectsof income, education, and age are stronger than the effect of race on Internetuse. If African Americans do use the Internet, they are more likely to use itfrom home, once other predictors are controlled. While some analysts of thedigital divide might expect otherwise, race appears not to be the crucial variablein structuring Detroit’s digital divide.It is reasonable to suppose that computer use is a phenomenon of affluentsocial strata and, therefore, it might be structured in part by where one residesin a metropolitan area. Sheer propinquity to other computer users might havea social influence effect (for example, Lenhart, 2000; Goolsbee and Klenow,2002; DiMaggio et al., 2004). Consequently, suburban residents might behigher computer users. The multivariate analyses suggest otherwise (table11.3), with one exception. Most patterns of computer and Internet usage arenot significantly different for residents of the suburbs versus residents ofDetroit. Only use of the Internet at home distinguishes suburban residentsfrom those who live in the city of Detroit, with suburbanites more likely toconnect from home.Overall, gender is not a significant factor: men and women do not differ intheir patterns of computer and Internet usage, controlling for other factors,with one exception – connecting to the Internet from home, which women areless likely to do. Moreover, having children under the age of 18 at home issignificantly associated only with the number of computers in the householdand with connecting to the Internet from home.While not shown in table 11.3, a good way to judge the relative impact ofvarious independent variables on a dependent variable is to compare Betas, orstandardized regression coefficients. Comparing Betas for all variables inmodels 2 and 3, 5 we find that the Beta for income is the largest one in eachequation and education is second. That is, household income produces thegreatest amount of change in each indicator of Internet and computer usage,with education accounting for the second largest change in each indicator.These findings suggest that, to the extent that there is a digital divide inDetroit, it is structured primarily by income and education, age and workstatus, and to a much lesser extent by other variables, such as race or inner-citylocation. For example, returning to table 11.2, we see the odds ratios for whitesand others versus African Americans represent an increase of only 1.9 to 2.3times the probabilities of given computer-use outcomes. But the income variableproduces an increase in probabilities of certain outcomes by 10.0 to 14.7times, while the effects of education change the odds by 4.9 to 13.8 times. A